Folate deficiency and cardiovascular disease

Anemia is a frequent complication in pediatric kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with a variable reported prevalence estimated between 20 and 80% depending on how defined. Causes of and risk factors for post-transplantation anemia (PTA) are multifactorial with iron deficiency being the primary cause of early PTA (within the first 6 months after transplantation) and impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR) commonly responsible for late PTA (after 6 months). Medications, viral infections, chronic inflammation, and comorbidities also play a role...

Elevated total plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) is a marker of cardiovascular, thrombotic, and neuropsychological disease. It has multiple causes, including the common nutritional vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. However, some rare but treatable, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) characterized by hyperhomocysteinemia can be missed due to variable presentations and the lack of awareness. The aim of this study is to identify undiagnosed IEM in adults with significantly elevated homocysteine using key existing clinical data points, then IEM specific treatment can be offered to improve outcome...

BACKGROUND: Folate is a water-soluble vitamin and is essential for maintaining cell functions. Dialysis removes folate, and folate deficiency is reported in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is no consensus as to the appropriate dosage of folate supplements and their advantages and disadvantages for patients with ESKD. METHODS: This study was based on the electronic medical records of the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) of the Chang Gung Medical Foundation...

Thromboembolic manifestations are relatively frequent in patients with intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia (>30 µmol/L) related to inherited disorders and deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate. In contrast, moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (15-30 µmol/L) is a modest predictor of cardiovascular risk. The recognition of homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk factor has been challenged by some but not all randomized clinical trials. We reviewed the main data of this controversy and formulated conclusions to be translated in clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: The long-term impact of vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality are still a matter of debate. AIM: To test the hypotheses that lower serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations (a marker of vitamin D level) and MetS have a long-term impact on the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, and individuals with vitamin D deficiency can be identified by multiple factors. METHODS: A sample of 9094 adults, 20 to 90 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1994) were followed through December 2015 was analyzed...

BACKGROUND: The present study's aim is to quantify the burden of lipid abnormalities (excessive non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) among Indian adolescents. Which has emerged as a significant covariate of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: The present study aims to unearth the prevalence of any lipid anomalies, their level, and types of lipid profiles among adolescents in India using the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-18 i...

AIMS: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces angiogenesis through the prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP1-4). Among immune cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), which inhibit immune responses, have been implicated in angiogenesis, and PGE2 is known to modulate function and differentiation of Tregs. We hypothesized that mPGES-1/PGE2-EP signaling could contribute to recovery from ischemic conditions by promoting the accumulation of Tregs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wild-type (WT), mPGES-1-deficient (mPges-1-/-), and EP4 receptor-deficient (Ep4-/-) male mice 6-8 weeks old were used...

Coronary heart disease and its complications remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In addition, its incidence among adults <45 years of age has also been steadily increasing in the past few decades. Besides the typical aetiology such as coronary artery abnormalities or autoimmune disorders, increasing rates can be attributed to escalating trends of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and illicit abuse of drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines in the younger population...

<b/> Poor folate status is implicated in a wide variety of health disorders including megaloblastic anaemia, neural tube defects, and cardiovascular diseases. Human diet remains the main provider par excellence. Despite several public-health options to overcome this micronutrient deficiency, dietary folate intakes of women of childbearing age and children are still below recommendations in many African countries. Therefore, this review aims at presenting the current knowledge on folate contents in various African foods, and on folate losses during food processing...

Folate plays an essential role in the metabolic regulation of amino acids and nucleic acids, and in one-carbon metabolism. Folate must be obtained from the diet, and supplementation is strongly recommended in populations at risk for deficiency due to specific conditions. Folic acid is the synthetic form of the vitamin, usually incorporated into foods and supplements. In the body, it must be reduced into the bioactive folate derivative (6S)5-MTHF by cell metabolism. Folate deficiency is related to many health issues such as neurological disorders and can increase cardiovascular disease risk...

Objectives: In this study, we analyzed the metabonomics of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis (IPBS) and its three concurrent syndromes in patients with stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Methods: A total of 164 sera of separated outpatients from 12 national tradition Chinese medicine clinical research centers with IPBS or concurrent syndromes were collected for the study and assessed with LC-ESI-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem-mass spectrometry)-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis...

A growing body of research evidence suggests that elevated homocysteine level (hyperhomocysteinemia) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia among adolescent Afghan refugees aged 10-19 years. In total, 206 healthy adolescent boys and girls were randomly recruited from a refugee village in Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2020. Socio-demographic data, anthropometric assessment, and blood sample collection were performed following standard methods...

C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) MTHFR gene polymorphisms and/or nutritional deficiency of folate/vitamin B12 leading to hyperhomocysteinemia is an established risk factor for CAD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of association between MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) polymorphisms with serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with young CAD. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood...

Dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism affects a wide range of biological processes and is associated with a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, neural tube defects, and cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in COVID-19. The symptoms of long COVID-19 are similar to those presented by subjects suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia). The metabolism of a cell infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is reshaped to fulfill the need for massive viral RNA synthesis, which requires de novo purine biosynthesis involving folate and one-carbon metabolism...

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and the main cause of disability. In the last decade, homocysteine has been found to be a risk factor or a marker for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). There are indications that vitamin B6 plays a significant role in the process of transsulfuration in homocysteine metabolism, specifically, in a part of the reaction in which homocysteine transfers a sulfhydryl group to serine to form α-ketobutyrate and cysteine...

Nitrous oxide is one of the most commonly used inhalational anesthetic agents used in practice. It is a cost-effective, pleasant, safe, and versatile anesthetic agent with many desirable properties like good quality analgesia, decreased awareness, accelerated induction and recovery from anesthesia, and reduced utilization of other expensive inhalational agents with potential cost savings. The use of nitrous oxide has been questioned by a lot of studies and case reports perceiving its adverse systemic, hematological, immune, and neurologic adverse effects...

Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, even in early childhood. A mutation in genes that code homocysteine metabolism enzymes or deficiency of specific vitamin cofactors may cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Vitamin B complex has been correlated with serum homocysteine levels. Any abnormality in its metabolism or nutritional deficiency may lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Both vitamin B complex and homocysteine levels are partly genetically determined. Specifically, the most studied polymorphism is 677T-C in exon 5 of the 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, which plays an important role in folate's metabolism...

The objective was to examine the prospective relationship between folate and vitamin B12 (B12) status and incident depressive symptoms in a representative cohort of community-dwelling older people. This was a longitudinal study utilising the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (n =3,849 aged ≥50 years) and investigated the relationship between blood plasma folate and B12 levels at baseline (wave 1) and incident depressive symptoms at 2 and 4 years (waves 2 and 3). Participants with depression at wave 1 were excluded...

AIM: To evaluate the effects of factors, which are associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) prevalence, on disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 206 patients who were treated surgically for either moderate or severe CTS. Patients were grouped into moderate and severe CTS then compared regarding to age, gender, BMI, and presence of occupational factors as well as systemic diseases that are associated with CTS. RESULTS: Patients with moderate and severe CTS did not differ in age, gender, occupational risk factors, and most of the systemic diseases, including DM, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, and folate deficiency...

Folate deficiency is associated with various health issues, including anemia, cardiovascular disease, and birth defects. Low folate intake and suboptimal folate status were found in several countries; however, this topic has not yet been investigated in Slovenia. Dietary folate intake and serum folate status were investigated through the nationally representative food consumption study SI.Menu/Nutrihealth. Folate intake was estimated using a sample of N = 1248 subjects aged 10-74 years, stratified in three age groups (adolescents, adults, elderly population), through two 24 h-dietary recalls and food propensity questionnaire...