Ultrasound pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: The finding of an abdominal cyst during pregnancy has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1000 pregnancies, mostly in second and third trimester. The detection of a fetal abdominal cyst during the first trimester scan is a rare event, whose natural history and prognosis are often unknown and unpredictable as these anomalies can be related to various underlying conditions and originate from different structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of fetal abdominal cysts detected in the first trimester in order to understand their possible clinical significance and to offer the proper management according to the available data...

OBJECTIVE: Twin pregnancies are at an increased risk of stillbirth compared to singletons. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, in both singleton and multiple pregnancies. Whether the contribution of FGR to stillbirth in twin pregnancies differs from that in singletons is yet to be determined. The main aim of this study was to determine the association between FGR and stillbirth in twin compared to singleton pregnancies. The secondary objectives include an assessment of the contribution of FGR to stillbirths, stratified by gestational age at delivery...

OBJECTIVE: Routine ultrasound before medication abortion may create an impediment to expanding abortion access. This study examines clinical outcomes of medication abortion (MAB) without pretreatment ultrasound evaluation at Planned Parenthood health centers in multiple states. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 23 U.S.-based Planned Parenthood affiliates that provided MAB without pretreatment ultrasound for eligible patients from March 2020-December 2021...

IMPORTANCE: Macrosomia represents the most significant risk factor of shoulder dystocia (SD), which is a severe and emergent complication of vaginal delivery. They are both associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published influential guidelines on the diagnosis and management of fetal macrosomia and SD. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comparative review of guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG), and the Department for Health and Wellbeing of the Government of South Australia on macrosomia and SD was conducted...

CLINICAL ISSUE: Malformations of the central nervous system belong to the most common developmental disorders in humans. The clinical presentation of brain malformations is nonspecific including developmental delay, hypotonia, and/or epilepsy. The great heterogeneity concerning etiology, mechanisms of development and morphology is challenging for diagnosis and classification of brain malformations. Thereby recognizing specific malformations is essential for optimal patient management and prognostic evaluation...

Endometriosis and infertility are clinically associated. The therapeutic approaches for endometriosis, whether medical or surgical, yield distinct outcomes for a woman's potential for achieving conception, whether through natural means or with the aid of assisted reproductive technology (ART). In this case report, a 29-year-old female and her 32-year-old partner, married for the last five years, sought assistance at our fertility clinic after having one failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. The patient had a history of dysmenorrhea and deep dyspareunia, suggesting the presence of an ovarian cyst...

Introduction The placenta is often overlooked in the routine evaluation of normal gestations, receiving attention only when abnormalities are detected. Placental thickness can serve as a good predictor of fetal growth and birth weight, especially in the second trimester.In this prospective study, we measured placental thickness in the second and third trimesters of singleton pregnancies and identified an association between placental thickness and adverse outcomes such as congenital anomalies, fetal growth restriction (FGR), prematurity, low birth weight, stillbirth, and hydrops fetalis...

Introduction There is no clear guidance for the optimal setting for dilation and curettage (D&C) for the management of first-trimester pregnancy failure. Identifying patients at risk of clinically significant blood loss at the time of D&C may inform a provider's decision regarding the setting for the procedure. We aimed to identify risk factors predictive for blood loss of 200mL or greater at the time of D&C. Methods  This is a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with first-trimester pregnancy failure at gestational age less than 11 weeks who underwent surgical management with D&C at a single safety net academic institution between 4/2016 and 4/2021...

A 27-year-old multiparous woman conceived her fetus naturally. Early second-trimester ultrasound showed short extremities with systemic subcutaneous edema. The pregnancy was artificially terminated at 19 weeks of gestation because of the abnormalities based on the parents' wishes. The parents desired whole-exome sequencing to detect a causative gene using the umbilical cord and the parents' saliva. Compound heterozygous variants (NC_000003.11(NM_052989.3):c.230 T > G/NC_000003...

BACKGROUND: Uniparental disomy is the inheritance of a homologous chromosome pair or part of homologous chromosomes from only one parent. However, the clinical significance of uniparental disomy and the difference among the prognosis of involvement of different chromosomes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the associated prenatal ultrasound presentations and clinical outcomes of uniparental disomy on different chromosomes and to analyze the relationship between prenatal ultrasound markers and clinical outcomes...

OBJECTIVE: To present the laparoscopic management of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy and discuss other treatment options. DESIGN: Surgical video article. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the video reproduction. SETTING: Tertiary referral university hospital PATIENT: A 29-year-old woman with spontaneous heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy presented for vaginal spotting. Ultrasound revealed two gestational sacs at 7 weeks and 6 days of gestation with fetal cardiac activity...

OBJECTIVE: Clinical-sonographic scoring systems, combining clinical features and ultrasound imaging markers have been proposed for the screening of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) but their usefulness in different set-ups remains limited. The aim of this study was to assess and compare different clinical-sonographic score systems performed from the midst of pregnancy for the prenatal evaluation of patients at risk of PAS at birth. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Embase were searched between October 1982 and October 2022 to identify eligible studies...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of demographic characteristics and postnatal outcomes of patients with suspected fetal pelvic kidney diagnosis followed in a tertiary center. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in Ankara Bilkent City Hospital perinatology clinic between 2020-2023. Demographic features, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postnatal outcomes were reported. RESULTS: Pelvic kidney localization was on the left in 11(55 %) patients, on the right in 7(35 %), and bilateral in 2(10 %) patients in prenatal ultrasonography...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the new classification system published by Jordans et al for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) can guide management and treatment outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective study of women diagnosed with CSP from October 2010 to December 2022 in a single tertiary center was performed. Sonographic records of these women were classified into three types according to the classification published by Jordans et al. Treatment outcomes were compared across each type of CSP...

BACKGROUND: Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a group of congenital disorders characterized by structural abnormalities in the brain cortex. The clinical manifestations include refractory epilepsy, mental retardation, and cognitive impairment. Genetic factors play a key role in the etiology of MCD. Currently, there is no curative treatment for MCD. Phenotypes such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy cannot be observed in the fetus. Therefore, the diagnosis of MCD is typically based on fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, or genetic testing...

Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancies are extremely rare; only a few cases having been reported. Here, we report laparoscopic removal of an asymptomatic retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy from a 29-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital for a suspected ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound did not reveal a gestational sac in the uterus or pelvic cavity. However, abdominal contrast-enhanced computer tomography showed a gestational sac between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. On laparoscopy, the gestational sac was confirmed to be in this retroperitoneal location and successfully removed with minimal bleeding...

To assess the diagnostic performance of three cardiothoracic (CT) ratio techniques, including diameter, circumference, and area, for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease between 17 and 22 weeks' gestation, and to create a multivariable scoring system using multiple ultrasound markers. Before invasive testing, three CT ratio techniques and other ultrasound markers were obtained in 151 singleton pregnancies at risk of Hb Bart's disease. CT diameter ratio demonstrated the highest sensitivity among the other techniques...

Advances in fetal brain neuroimaging, especially fetal neurosonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow safe and accurate anatomical assessments of fetal brain structures that serve as a foundation for prenatal diagnosis and counseling regarding fetal brain anomalies. Fetal neurosonography strategically assesses fetal brain anomalies suspected by screening ultrasound. Fetal brain MRI has unique technological features that overcome the anatomical limits of smaller fetal brain size and the unpredictable variable of intrauterine motion artifact...

Introduction CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with known pattern of features. The aim of the study was to present the fetal features of CHARGE syndrome to gain awareness that the antenatal characteristics can be very nonspecific. Case Presentation This was a retrospective study of 13 cases with CHARGE syndrome diagnosed by prenatal or postnatal genetic testing and physical examination. Two (15.4%; 2/13) had normal ultrasound scans during pregnancy. One (7.7%; 1/13) with first-trimester cystic hygroma presented intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) at 16 weeks gestation...

INTRODUCTION: Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare form of pregnancy, defined by the coexistence of an ectopic and an intrauterine pregnancy. The diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy remains one of the greatest challenges of the gynecological-obstetrical emergencies. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy of a 28-year-old woman, diagnosed with a heterotopic pregnancy by ultrasound and treated by laparotomy in emergency obstetrical department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca...