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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura E Hankins, Charlotte E Rutledge
Journal of Experimental Biology was launched in 1923 as The British Journal of Experimental Biology, with a single issue being published in the October of that year. As we celebrate our centenary, we look back at that first issue and the zoologists publishing their work in the new journal, and draw comparisons to the JEB that we know today. Much has changed since the publication of the first issue of JEB, in the worlds of both science and publishing, and we eagerly anticipate the next 100 years of discovery...
January 1, 2023: Journal of Experimental Biology
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorna Mugambi, Jason N Kabi, Gabriel Kiarie, Ciira Wa Maina
For years, zoologists, ecologists, and researchers at large have been using instruments such as camera traps in acquiring images of wild animals non-intrusively for ecological research. The main reason behind ecological research is to increase the understanding of various interactions in ecosystems while providing supporting data and information. Due to climate change and the destruction of animal habitats in recent years, researchers have been conducting studies on diminishing populations of various species of interest and the effectiveness of habitat restoration practices...
February 2023: Data in Brief
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ariane Dröscher
This essay surveys the situation of Italian women life scientists from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. It follows the path that took women from being an exceptional presence to becoming a common, yet not equal, presence in the Italian science departments. Very different proportions of women occupied the three ranks in the academic hierarchy-students, research staff and professors. From the late nineteenth century onwards, women started to enrol in Italian universities. Initially, the second most popular department among female students-outdone only by the humanities-was that of mathematics, physics and natural sciences...
December 2, 2022: History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivan N Bolotov, Alexander V Kondakov, Tatyana A Eliseeva, Olga V Aksenova, Evgeny S Babushkin, Yulia V Bespalaya, Elena S Chertoprud, Gennady A Dvoryankin, Mikhail Yu Gofarov, Anna L Klass, Ekaterina S Konopleva, Alexander V Kropotin, Artem A Lyubas, Alexander A Makhrov, Dmitry M Palatov, Alexander R Shevchenko, Svetlana E Sokolova, Vitaly M Spitsyn, Alena A Tomilova, Ilya V Vikhrev, Natalia A Zubrii, Maxim V Vinarski
The family Glossiphoniidae is a diverse and widespread clade of freshwater leeches, playing a significant role in functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The taxonomy and biogeography of leeches from temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions attracted much attention of zoologists, while their taxonomic richness and distribution in the Arctic are poorly understood. Here, we present an overview of the Eurasian Arctic Glossiphoniidae based on the most comprehensive occurrence and DNA sequence datasets sampled to date...
November 30, 2022: Scientific Reports
#25
REVIEW
Valentín Sans-Coma, Bárbara Pozo-Vilumbrales, María Carmen Fernández, Miguel Á López-Unzu, María Teresa Soto-Navarrete, Ana Carmen Durán, Josep M Arqué, Borja Fernández
The anatomical elements that in humans prevent blood backflow from the aorta and pulmonary artery to the left and right ventriclesare the aortic and pulmonary valves, respectively. Each valve regularly consists of three leaflets (cusps), each supported by its valvular sinus. From the medical viewpoint, each set of three leaflets and sinuses is regarded as a morpho-functional unit. This notion also applies to birds and non-human mammals. However, the structures that prevent the return of blood to the heart in other vertebrates are notably different...
September 22, 2022: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria de Fátima Nunes, Elisabete Pereira
The material memory of the 12th International Congress of Zoology, held in Lisbon in 1935 includes insignias - the starfish - and caricatures of zoologists. Through an investigation of the archives at the University of Lisbon's National Museum of Natural History and Science, we intend to investigate the material landscape as conceived by the zoologist Artur Ricardo Jorge by drawing epistemologically on the potentialities of the biography of scientific objects. This research note reveals a scientific discourse translated into materialities circulated in public spaces in the globalized Europe of the 1930s, with references from scientific power, in the context of Portugal's Estado Novo regime, enshrined in its 1933 constitution...
July 2022: História, Ciências, Saúde—Manguinhos
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Brandt
This paper aims to provide a fresh historical perspective on the debates on vitalism and holism in Germany by analyzing the work of the zoologist Hans Spemann (1869-1941) in the interwar period. Following up previous historical studies, it takes the controversial question about Spemann's affinity to vitalistic approaches as a starting point. The focus is on Spemann's holistic research style, and on the shifting meanings of Spemann's concept of an organizer. It is argued that the organizer concept unfolded multiple layers of meanings (biological, philosophical, and popular) during the 1920s and early 1930s...
August 19, 2022: Journal of the History of Biology
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabelle Bolon, Lukáš Picek, Andrew M Durso, Gabriel Alcoba, François Chappuis, Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda
BACKGROUND: Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that kills an estimated 81,000 to 138,000 people and disables another 400,000 globally every year. The World Health Organization aims to halve this burden by 2030. To achieve this ambitious goal, we need to close the data gap in snake ecology and snakebite epidemiology and give healthcare providers up-to-date knowledge and access to better diagnostic tools. An essential first step is to improve the capacity to identify biting snakes taxonomically...
August 2022: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Brandt
This article explores the collaborative research of the Nobel laureate Hans Spemann (1869-1941) and the Swiss zoologist Fritz Baltzer (1884-1974) on problems at the intersection of development and heredity and raises more general questions concerning science and politics in Germany in the interwar period. It argues that Spemann and Baltzer's collaborative work made a significant contribution to the then ongoing debates about the relation between developmental physiology and hereditary studies, although Spemann distanced himself from Drosophila genetics because of his anti-reductionist position...
August 5, 2022: Journal of the History of Biology
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Young Ah Lee, Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Myeong Heon Shin
All living organisms are destined to die. Cells, the core of those living creatures, move toward the irresistible direction of death. The question of how to die is critical and is very interesting. There are various types of death in life, including natural death, accidental death, questionable death, suicide, and homicide. The mechanisms and molecules involved in cell death also differ depending on the type of death. The dysenteric amoeba, E. histolytica, designated by the German zoologist Fritz Schaudinn in 1903, has the meaning of tissue lysis; i...
June 2022: Korean Journal of Parasitology
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher F Sharpley, Clemens Koehn
Aristotle is often named as the first zoologist or biologist because of his writings on animals. Although Aristotle's major intention in these books was to illustrate his ideas of how knowledge and understanding might advance, at least one modern biologist (C. Darwin) has recognized Aristotle's depth and breadth as being of surviving merit. Of greater surprise is the ongoing attention that his works continue to receive, including publications in contemporary scientific journals. This review identifies 38 peer-reviewed papers on various topics from Aristotle's biological writings that have been published during the last 50 years...
June 29, 2022: Journal of the History of Biology
#32
REVIEW
Christian Reiß
The Mexican axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ) is one of the most important models in contemporary regeneration research and regenerative medicine. This is the result of the long history of the species as an experimental and laboratory bred animal. One of many research questions investigated in the axolotl is regeneration. The species' astonishing ability to regenerate tissues and entire body parts already became apparent shortly after the first 34 living axolotls had been brought from Mexico to Europe in 1864...
2022: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Moreau, B Le Bourg, P Balazy, B Danis, M Eléaume, Q Jossart, P Kuklinski, G Lepoint, T Saucède, A Van de Putte, L N Michel
Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large-scale studies. Here, we report 24332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2456 specimens of sea stars...
December 17, 2021: Ecology
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hinrich Kaiser, Sven Mecke, Christine M Kaiser, Mark Oshea
We report on the discovery of a third, male specimen of Stegonotus lividus in the collection of the Musum National dHistoire Naturelle in Paris, France, and demonstrate that it is not only a member of the original type series but the only one of the three syntypes, whose morphology was detailed in the original description. We herein identify it as a paralectotype. In their description of S. lividus, Dumril et al. (1854) attributed authorship of the name to the German zoologist Salomon Mller, whose work was never published...
September 14, 2021: Zootaxa
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katharina Ruthsatz, Mark D Scherz, Miguel Vences
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 6, 2021: Zootaxa
#36
REVIEW
G P Cheplick
Many have noted limited seed dispersal of plants in diverse environments and attempted evolutionary explanations for it. Although philopatric ('love of fatherland') is used by zoologists to describe organisms that remain near their place of origin, philomatric ('love of motherland') is proposed as more appropriate for plants because seeds develop on the maternal parent, fecundity and dispersal are maternally influenced characteristics, and the term dovetails with the mother-site hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of restricted dispersal...
October 22, 2021: American Journal of Botany
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriel Magnus, Christopher Dutton, Gabriela Mastromonaco, Cathy Gartley, Suzanne MacDonald, Maria Franke
Despite decades of reproductive research on the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), the post-ovulatory phase continues to confound zoologists in conservation and breeding centers around the world, often resulting in significant investments of time and resources without reproductive success. The purpose of this project was to document and compare post-ovulatory characteristics during a non-productive and productive breeding in the same individual in consecutive years. A multidisciplinary approach was used to monitor the visiting female giant panda at the Toronto Zoo through the luteal phase of her first two full reproductive cycles in 2014 and 2015...
March 2022: Zoo Biology
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Walter D Koenig
Although it has long been recognized that seed production by many forest trees varies greatly from year to year, masting (along with 'mast fruiting', 'mast seeding' and 'masting behaviour') as a concept referring to such variability is a relatively recent development. Here, I provide a brief history of masting research, highlighting some of the early contributions by foresters, zoologists and others that paved the way for the burgeoning number of studies currently being conducted by researchers around the world...
December 6, 2021: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siyu Zhou, Bo Liu, Yelin Han, Yuyang Wang, Lihong Chen, Zhiqiang Wu, Jian Yang
Emerging infectious diseases significantly threaten global public health and socioeconomic security. The majority of emerging infectious disease outbreaks are caused by zoonotic/vector-borne viruses. Bats and rodents are the two most important reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses that can cross species barriers to infect humans, whereas mosquitos and ticks are well-established major vectors of many arboviral diseases. Moreover, some emerging zoonotic diseases require a vector to spread or are intrinsically vector-borne and zoonotically transmitted...
October 11, 2021: Nucleic Acids Research
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rochelle Buffenstein, Vincent Amoroso, Blazej Andziak, Stanislav Avdieiev, Jorge Azpurua, Alison J Barker, Nigel C Bennett, Miguel A Brieño-Enríquez, Gary N Bronner, Clive Coen, Martha A Delaney, Christine M Dengler-Crish, Yael H Edrey, Chris G Faulkes, Daniel Frankel, Gerard Friedlander, Patrick A Gibney, Vera Gorbunova, Christopher Hine, Melissa M Holmes, Jennifer U M Jarvis, Yoshimi Kawamura, Nobuyuki Kutsukake, Cynthia Kenyon, Walid T Khaled, Takefumi Kikusui, Joseph Kissil, Samantha Lagestee, John Larson, Amanda Lauer, Leonid A Lavrenchenko, Angela Lee, Jonathan B Levitt, Gary R Lewin, Kaitlyn N Lewis Hardell, TzuHua D Lin, Matthew J Mason, Dan McCloskey, Mary McMahon, Kyoko Miura, Kazutaka Mogi, Vikram Narayan, Timothy P O'Connor, Kazuo Okanoya, M Justin O'Riain, Thomas J Park, Ned J Place, Katie Podshivalova, Matthew E Pamenter, Sonja J Pyott, Jane Reznick, J Graham Ruby, Adam B Salmon, Joseph Santos-Sacchi, Diana K Sarko, Andrei Seluanov, Alyssa Shepard, Megan Smith, Kenneth B Storey, Xiao Tian, Emily N Vice, Mélanie Viltard, Akiyuki Watarai, Ewa Wywial, Masanori Yamakawa, Elena D Zemlemerova, Michael Zions, Ewan St John Smith
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled 'Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole-rat biology' described 28 'myths' which, those authors claimed, are a 'perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses' and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal...
September 3, 2021: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
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