Sleep Disorders

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may experience pessimism, and even despair, due to long-term nature of the condition, which increases the risk of depression. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) can relieve depression. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effects of MBSR on mental health and quality of life in CKD patients with mild-to-moderate depression, so as to provide guidance for clinical nursing programs. METHODS: The clinical data of 100 CKD patients with mild-to-moderate depression who were treated in Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences from January 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed...

Insomnia disorder is a common condition that is considered a risk factor for multiple physical and mental disorders, contributing to reduced quality of life and increased healthcare expenditures. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is typically recommended as the primary intervention, its accessibility is hindered by limited resources, prompting the prevalent use of pharmacological interventions as the primary treatment in clinical settings. This study reviews the benefits and risks of current pharmacological treatments for insomnia, with special reference to the orexinergic system as a novel therapeutic target for treatment...

This systematic review evaluated psychiatric adverse events (AEs) following vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We included studies that reported or investigated psychiatric AEs in individuals who had received an approved COVID-19 vaccine in the Republic of Korea. Systematic electronic searches of Ovid-Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and KoreaMed databases were conducted on March 22, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies 2.0. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023449422)...

OBJECTIVES: To observe the efficacy of acupuncture for reducing the south to reinforce the north on executive function, sleep structure and sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia disorder of heart-kidney disharmony. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with chronic insomnia disorder of heart-kidney disharmony were randomized into an acupuncture group (50 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a western medication group (50 cases, 2 cases dropped out). Acupuncture for reducing the south to reinforce the north was applied at Baihui (GV 20) and bilateral Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenmai (BL 62), Zhaohai (KI 6), Xinshu (BL 15), Shenshu (BL 23) in the acupuncture group, once a day, 5 days a week...

BACKGROUND: Substantial observational evidence suggests an association between neuropsychiatric conditions and Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). However, the causal relationship between these two conditions requires further investigation. Therefore, we employed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to assess bidirectional causal effects between four neuropsychiatric conditions and VTE, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), and Pulmonary Embolism (PE). METHODS: Genetic variants associated with four neuropsychiatric conditions, including Schizophrenia (SCH), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Epilepsy, as well as VTE, DVT, and PE were selected...

The field of pulmonology saw significant advances in 2023. The publications highlighted in this article address advances and changes in practice related to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, pleural disorders, and sleep-disordered breathing. One article reviews data examining the efficacy of vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus, a respiratory viral illness that has had devastating effects globally. Four studies evaluate the role of various therapies in COPD, including dupilumab, ensifentrine, pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and lung volume reduction versus endobronchial valves...

BACKGROUND: Opioids are widely used in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) management. However, they remain controversial due to serious risk of causing opioid use disorder (OUD). Our main aim was to develop a predictive model for future clinical translation that include pharmacogenetic markers. METHODS: An observational study was conducted in 806 pre-screened Spanish CNCP patients, under long-term use of opioids, to compare cases (with OUD, N.=137) with controls (without OUD, N...

Layla is a 6.7-year-old girl diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type-delayed adaptive skills, enuresis, unspecified malnutrition, and feeding difficulties. She presented to developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) in January 2022 due to caregiver concerns for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Layla lives in a polyamorous family with her biological mother and father, mother's partner whom Layla refers to as her uncle, and her 2 half-siblings. There is a maternal history of special education services, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and ADHD...

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of fezolinetant for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to June 2023, comparing fezolinetant to placebo in postmenopausal women suffering from moderate-to-severe VMS. The mean difference and risk ratio were calculated for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Rising midlife mortality in the United States is largely attributable to 'deaths of despair' (deaths from suicide, drug poisonings, and alcohol-related diseases) and deaths from cardiometabolic conditions. Although despair- and cardiometabolic-related mortality are increasing concurrently, it is unclear whether they share common developmental origins. We tested adolescent psychopathology as a potential common origin of midlife diseases of despair and cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: Participants ( N = 4578) were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative cohort followed from adolescence to early midlife...

Introduction  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that is strongly correlated with comorbidities, in which epiglottic collapse (EC) and other contributing factors are involved. Objectives  To evaluate the occurrence of EC in OSA patients through drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to determine the factors contributing to EC. Methods  A retrospective study of 37 adult patients using medical history. Patients were assessed for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) using reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS); for OSA using polysomnography, and for airway collapse through DISE...

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HCH), the most common chronic diseases, has become a topic of global public health discussions. AIM: To investigate the role of rehabilitative nursing interventions in optimizing the postoperative mental status recovery phase and to provide clinical value for future rehabilitation of patients with HCH. METHODS: This randomized controlled study included 120 patients with cerebral HCH who were contained to our neurosurgery department between May 2021-May 2023 as the participants...

BACKGROUND: Sleep quality could be affected by air pollution, especially for particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 microns (PM10 ) and particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5 ). However, no direct study demonstrates the relationship and impact of air pollution especially PM10 and PM2.5 on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence. Thus, we aimed to study the correlation between PM10 , PM2.5 , and low CPAP adherence in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)...

UNLABELLED: To survive, organisms must adapt to a staggering diversity of environmental signals, ranging from sensory information to pathogenic infection, across the lifespan. At the same time, organisms intrinsically generate biological oscillations, such as circadian rhythms, without input from the environment. While the nervous system is well-suited to integrate extrinsic and intrinsic cues, how the brain balances these influences to shape biological function system-wide is not well understood at the molecular level...

The primary cilium is a hair-like organelle that hosts molecular machinery for various developmental and homeostatic signaling pathways. Its alteration can cause severe ciliopathies such as the Bardet-Biedl and Joubert syndromes, but is also linked to Alzheimer's disease, clinical depression, and autism spectrum disorder. These afflictions are caused by disturbances in a variety of genes but a common phenotype amongst them is cognitive impairment. Cilia-mediated neural function has generally been examined in relation to these diseases or other developmental defects, but the role of cilia in brain function and memory consolidation is unknown...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifaceted disorder marked by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, often coexisting with various medical conditions. This study, aimed to comprehensively analyze the Multifaceted Landscape of Pediatric Insights into Prevalence, Severity, and Coexisting Conditions. With a sample of 1928 participants, our study sought to determine the prevalence, severity, and associations between OSA and diverse conditions. METHODS: Conducted retrospectively from February 2019 to April 2023, the study included pediatric patients...

Neurofeedback (NF) therapy is brain training using operant conditioning including real-time displays of brain activity to teach people how to regulate their brain function. We would like to present a treatment for a patient who experienced severe traumatic events on 7/10 including physical injury accompanied by difficulty sleeping for two months, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, difficulties in emotional regulation and difficulty in concentrating. Due to the complexity and difficulties in emotional regulation accompanied by severe sleep disturbances, it was decided to treat with medication in combination with neurofeedback...

There is an increasing demand for the assessment of sleep-disordered breathing in children of all ages to prevent the deleterious neurocognitive and behaviour consequences of the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea [OSA]. OSA can be considered in three broad categories based on predominating contributory features: OSA type 1 [enlarged tonsils and adenoids], type II [Obesity] and type III [craniofacial abnormalities, syndromal, storage diseases and neuromuscular conditions]. The reality is that sleep questionnaires or calculations of body mass index in isolation are poorly predictive of OSA in individuals...

Midlife individuals assigned female at birth are at risk for problematic eating behavior, associated with negative health outcomes. Little is known about how menopausal symptoms may increase risk in this population. The current study aimed to understand how a comprehensive range of menopause symptoms were globally associated with problematic eating behaviors. A total of 281 cisgender women (176 post-menopause, 105 peri-menopause) from the United States aged 40 to 64 were recruited utilizing Prolific, an online survey platform...

Obesity is associated with respiratory dysfunction. It is a key risk and contributory factor in the sleep related breathing disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). Weight management is an integral part of the management of these disorders, in addition to continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Untreated, these conditions are associated with a high disease burden and as treatment is effective, early recognition and referral is critical...