Sepsis AND resin

Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a class I nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis; however, the effect of PZH on the progression of sepsis is unknown. Here, we reported that PZH attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice and reduced LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. Mechanistically, PZH stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation to induce the expression of A20, which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling...

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSI) represent a common cause of sepsis and mortality in children. Blood culture (BC) is the gold standard for diagnosis of BSI. The low sensitivity of BC in the pediatric population is usually due to the small volume of blood used for inoculation and to the antibiotics used before sampling. Here, we explore the ways to effectively reduce antibiotic activity to maximize the chances of pathogen recovery, and to enhance the growth of microorganisms in lower blood volume and bacterial counts...

In recent decades, multiple efforts have been made to identify targets and therapeutic measures in the host response to infection. Haemoadsorption, under the attractive theoretical premise of inflammatory response modulation through the adsorption of soluble inflammatory mediators, could have a place as an adjuvant therapy in septic patients. The development of new devices and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in this therapy. The aim of this report is to describe our experience in patients with abdominal sepsis for whom haemoadsorption with a neutral microporous resin column was added to conventional treatment and to describe its performance through patient cases in the absence of large randomised trials with this device...

A strong rationale supports the development of adsorption-based extracorporeal blood purification in conditions such as sepsis, acute kidney disease, uremia, and acute liver failure. The retention of compounds as a consequence of acute or chronic organ dysfunction might have detrimental effects. When a causative effect of an accumulated compound in a pathogenic condition is demonstrated, a rationale for the removal of this solute is also established. Adsorption is a mass transfer mechanism in which a solute chemically interacts with the surface of a solid structure (sorbent) and is removed from its solvent (i...

Acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure are conditions in which the loss of metabolic function of the liver leads to the accumulation of several toxins such as bilirubin. Patients with sepsis or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome have a greater risk of developing liver failure, and hyperbilirubinemia is associated with poor prognosis. Bilirubin removal may not only alleviate signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction but also act as an index of removal of albumin-bound toxins. Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, due to their molecular weight and albumin-binding capacity, respectively, cannot be removed by classic dialysis; therefore, different extracorporeal techniques have been developed to remove bilirubin from the blood...

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is the main reason for mortality and morbidity. Recent investigations have shown that inflammation and oxidative stress play a central role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac injury pathophysiology. Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of B. serrata pretreatment on LPS-induced cardiac damage in H9c2 cells...

BACKGROUND: Despite various therapies to treat sepsis, it is one of the leading causes of mortality in the intensive care unit patients globally. Knowledge about the pathophysiology of sepsis has sparked interest in extracorporeal therapies (ECT) which are intended to balance the dysregulation of the immune system by removing excessive levels of inflammatory mediators. AIM: To review recent data on the use of ECT in sepsis and to assess their effects on various inflammatory and clinical outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is a frequent complication in critically ill patients. Patients may require control of the source of infection, removal of pathogens and damaged cells, and organ support. Often, these targets can be achieved through the utilization of extracorporeal therapies including hemoperfusion for the adsorption of cytokines and other circulating mediators. On extracorporeal organ support, patients are generally treated with antibiotic therapy, and vancomycin is one of the most commonly used antibiotics...

BACKGROUND: Blood purification through the removal of plasma solutes by adsorption to beads of charcoal or resins contained in a cartridge (hemoperfusion) has a long and imperfect history. Developments in production and coating technology, however, have recently increased the biocompatibility of sorbents and have spurred renewed interest in hemoperfusion. METHODS: We performed a narrative assessment of the literature with focus on the technology, characteristics, and principles of hemoperfusion...

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) is a colorless-to-faintly-yellow liquid that is used as a cross-linking to harden plastics or resins in various industries. It is also an ingredient of paints, varnishes, and paint removers. Because of the high reactivity of MEKP, it is available only as a 40% to 60% solution in dimethyl phthalate or other phthalates. Post-ingestion, the spectrum of complications is vast, ranging from corrosive injury in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract to fulminant hepatic toxicity, sepsis, multi-organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation...

BACKGROUND: CPFA is an extracorporeal treatment used in severe sepsis to remove circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of bilirubin adsorption by the hydrophobic styrenic resin, the distinctive part of CPFA. The aim of this study is to validate CPFA effectiveness in liver detoxification. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, we enrolled patients with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure (serum total bilirubin > 20 mg/dL or MELD Score > 20) hospitalized from June 2013 to November 2017...

Targeting single mediators has failed to reduce the mortality of sepsis. We developed a telodendrimer (TD) nanotrap (NT) to capture various biomolecules via multivalent, hybrid and synergistic interactions. Here, we report that the immobilization of TD-NTs in size-exclusive hydrogel resins simultaneously adsorbs septic molecules, e.g. lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cytokines and damage- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/PAMPs) from blood with high efficiency (92-99%). Distinct surface charges displayed on the majority of pro-inflammatory cytokines (negative) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (positive) allow for the selective capture via TD NTs with different charge moieties...

Coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) is a detoxification system that combines a plasma adsorption circuit with a continuous renal replacement therapy. The circuit consists of a plasma filter, a resin/adsorbent cartridge and a haemofilter. It differs from many other types of extracorporeal therapies in that the upper part of the circuit can be considered a "closed loop". In this manner, the plasma separated by the plasma filter passes through an adsorbent cartridge containing a resin with high affinity to many cytokines, mediators and toxins/poisons...

Coupled plasma filtration and adsorption (CPFA) is a detoxification system that combines a plasma adsorption circuit and a continuous renal replacement therapy circuit. Its main application is for sepsis and septic shock with or without acute renal failure. Several recent studies have suggested that CPFA can reduce the mortality when the volume of plasma absorbed on the styrenic resin is at least >0.18 L/kg/day. At present, new applications for CPFA are under investigation, also in patients without significant kidney failure...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the time required for isolation of aerobic bacterial pathogen from paediatric septicaemia suspects by using BACTEC 9240 blood culture system, and to compare the results with conventional blood culture technique. METHODS: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from July to December 2013, and comprised blood samples of suspected septicaemia children. The blood samples were inoculated into automated BACTEC 9240 Peds Plus/F resin-based media...

A dedicated proteomic approach based on nano-Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in ion trap is proposed for the analysis of proteins trapped in sorbent resin cartridges used to remove inflammatory mediators from blood by coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA). The final purpose of the proposed proteomic approach was to obtain a reference map of plasma proteins trapped in CPFA sorbents used for the extracorporeal blood purification of healthy pigs, with the potential impact to design new bio-filters able to control the inflammatory imbalance under pathological conditions, such as severe sepsis...

DNA extraction efficiency affects the success of PCR-based method applications. The Punch-it™ NA-Sample kit for extracting DNA by using paper chromatography is technically easy to use and requires just two reagents and only 10min to complete. The Punch-it™ NA-Sample kit could be offered as a rapid, accurate, and convenient method for extracting bacterial and fungal DNA from blood culture bottles. We compared the efficiencies of the commercial kit (Punch-it™ NA-Sample kit) and an in-house conventional boiling method with Chelex-100 resin for DNA extraction from blood culture bottles...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis worldwide. The factor H binding protein (fHBP) is a key virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis that is able to selectively bind to human factor H, the key regulator of the alternative complement pathway, which it has important implications for meningococcal pathogenesis and vaccine design. The aims of present research were cloning, expression, purification of fHbp and confirmation of the interaction between serum factor H (fH) and produced factor H binding protein...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Extracorporeal blood purification systems (EBS) use specific adsorbents for the elimination of toxins and cytokines. The aim of this study was to test different adsorbents for their ability to reduce antibiotics in parallel to extracorporeal blood purification therapy. METHODS: The in vitro adsorption experiments were carried out in human plasma with a newly established hydrophobic resin (Amberchrom CG161c) and adsorbents commercially available and approved in the clinics...

Coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) is an extracorporeal blood purification therapy based on non-specific pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator adsorption on a special resin cartridge coupled with continuous veno-venous haemofiltration or continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration and is one of the emerging treatments for septic patients. However, in the literature, there are limited data about its efficacy in treating patients with acute diseases but without the traditional criteria for sepsis. We describe the case of a 43-year-old male who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to pneumonia and acute kidney injury, whose clinical conditions rapidly improved after early CPFA therapy...