pelvi calyceal system of kidney

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical anatomy of the kidney collecting system through a narrative review of the literature, highlighting its importance during diagnosis and its approach during surgical procedures for the treatment of renal stones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a review about the anatomy of the kidney collecting system. We analyzed papers published in the past 40 years in the databases Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, and we included only papers in English and excluded case reports, editorials and opinions of specialists...

The present study reports the clinical data of a patient with renal venous malformation misdiagnosed as carcinoma. CT revealed hematocele in the left renal pelvis and ureter. CTU: the left renal pelvis and calyces showed a slightly high density shadow, a size of about 2.6 cm*1.5 cm, and mild-to-moderate enhancement was found at the edge of the lesion. Enhanced MR showed that irregular mass abnormal signal was observed in the lower calyx of the left kidney and the lesions were cast, with short T1 and slightly long T2 signals...

BACKGROUND: Villous adenoma is a rare tumor in the urinary system that usually occurs in the bladder. It is extremely uncommon in the renal pelvis. Most of the previously reported cases have been diagnosed with severe hydronephrosis associated with renal parenchyma atrophy prior to surgery. Because of its rarity, available information on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease is limited. We reported a case of kidney stones with hydronephrosis. During percutaneous nephroscopic lithotripsy, a renal pelvis tumor was found...

Kidney stones presenting with abnormal renal anatomy offer a unique challenge to the urologist. The position, calyceal orientation, relationships of the calices to the renal pelvis, renal vasculature, relationships with other intraabdominal organs, and abnormal ureteral insertion of these kidneys vary significantly. We reported a rare case of staghorn stones in congenital malrotation double collecting kidney managed by laparoscopic extended pyelolithotomy. The procedure successfully achieved stone-free status without any complications...

Calyceal diverticula are urine-filled non-secretory cavities that result from outpouchings of the kidney's calyx or pelvis. These cavities lie in the renal parenchyma and are linked to the kidney's collecting system through a narrow channel. They are generally small in size and present without symptoms. Here, we report the case of a middle-aged patient who was diagnosed, following imaging exams, with a giant calyceal diverticulum presenting with an extra-renal component, a remarkably rare finding. The patient's condition was successfully treated through excision by laparoscopic surgery...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non-papillary prone PCNL for the treatment of patients with renal abnormalities. METHODS: An observational retrospective cohort study including PCNL cases of patients with renal abnormalities was performed. The following inclusion criteria were applied: renal stones > 1.5 cm with maximal diameter, anatomical malformations of affected kidney (malrotated kidneys, horseshoe kidneys and kidneys with complete duplicated systems, medullary sponge kidney), patients treated with standard (30Fr) PCNL or mini-PCNL (22Fr)...

INTRODUCTION: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is being actively implemented in the treatment of renal stones and other diseases. If necessary, RIRS can be combined with percutaneous procedures. AIM: To study the results of RIRS in patients with nephrolithiasis and various renal disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 106 patients who undergone RIRS were included in the study. There were 66 men (63.4%) and 40 women (36.6%). Mean age was 46...

INTRODUCTION: The key point of successful PCNL is getting access to the renal collecting system. Ureteral catheterization and injection of contrast material provide an important advantage of visualizing and dilating the collecting system. However, catheterization increases the operation time, exposure to anesthesia, and requires additional reusable and disposable medical supplies. The purpose of the study was to develop a surgical algorithm for accessing the renal collecting system for mini-PCNL without catheterization...

Background: The calyceal diverticulum is a rare cystic cavity that communicates with the collecting system via a narrow neck or infundibulum. In clinical practice, part of the calyceal diverticula is difficult to differentiate from simple renal cysts even after contrast-enhanced CT. To date, there have been few kinds of literature works on the diagnosis and treatment of calyceal diverticulum combined with renal pelvis dilatation, especially concerning the treatment of prolonged postoperative urine leakage...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Hydatidosis, a common zoonotic disease, especially in countries which are poorly developed, is not only capable of affecting a huge number of humans but also animals. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old female presented to our hospital complaining of the left flank and left upper quadrant pain increasing with exertion for three years. Physical findings revealed a firm lump in the left upper quadrant area extending to the left flank about (15cmx14...

PURPOSE: To analyze the 3-dimensional intrarenal anatomy of horseshoe kidneys (HK) and kidney with complete ureteral duplication (CUD), in polyester resin endocasts of the collecting system and in patients submitted to 3D computerized tomography scan (CT-scan). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed seven 3-dimensional polyester resin endocasts of the kidney collecting system obtained from 6 fresh adult cadavers (4 with unilateral CUD and 2 with horseshoe kidney) and CT-scan reconstruction images of kidneys from 24 patients: 6 patients with HK, 8 with CUD and 10 patients without renal anomalies that were used as controls...

BACKGROUND: The management of complete staghorn stones remains a challenge for urologists, owing to the high stone burden, low stone free rate, and high rate of complications. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a technique involving combination laparoscopy and nephrolithotomy in the same session in patient with complete staghorn stones and poor performance status. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated seven patients with complete staghorn stones who underwent a combination of laparoscopy and nephrolithotomy in the same session in our center between December 2016 and October 2019...

A 7-year-old male with a history of blunt trauma to the abdomen and diagnosis of perinephric hematoma in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) presented with increasing peri-nephric collection (after ~1.5 months) in the serial ultrasound examinations. The patient was referred to the department of nuclear medicine for the assessment of this collection as well as renal function. In 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate renal scintigraphy, progressively increasing radiotracer activity was noted inferolaterally to the left kidney, separated from the same by a photopenic area...

The following urogenital and vascular anomalies were observed in the left kidney of an 81-year-old female cadaver during routine dissection: three extrarenal calyces; an accessory renal artery originating directly from the abdominal aorta; and a circumaortic renal vein. The typical renal anatomical structures were identified, from anterior to posterior, as the renal vein, renal artery, and ureter appearing near the hilum of the left kidney. After closer examination, three extrarenal calyces were observed exiting from the hilum of the left kidney to form the pelvis, then narrowed and became the ureter which descended 21...

BACKGROUND: Previous classification of renal pelvicalyceal anatomical structure may be difficult to intuitively understand and unpractical for endourological surgery. We aim to put forward a modified Takazawa anatomical classification of renal pelvicalyceal system based on three-dimensional (3D) virtual reconstruction models for endourological surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data on 225 patients (320 kidneys) in total between Apr. 2017 and Dec. 2020, spatial anatomical structure of renal pelvis and calyces were modeled and corresponding morphological parameters were measured after 3D virtual reconstruction of computed tomography urography (CTU)...

BACKGROUND: Urinary system stones are frequently encountered in the community. Together with technological developments, introduction of new treatment procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery has furtherly reduced morbidity, mortality and hospitalization time of patients. In order to maximize success and to reduce complications of these procedures, it is necessary to evaluate anatomy and morphological differences of kidney collector system before the procedure...

Objectives: To prospectively assess the safety and effectiveness of antegrade mini-percutaneous (miniperc) ureteroscopy (URS) and compare it with the conventional retrograde URS (RURS) approach in treating impacted proximal ureteric stones of 1-2 cm. Patients and methods: The study included 60 patients admitted to the Department of Urology, Alexandria Main University Hospital, presenting with impacted proximal ureteric stones of 1-2 cm. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A, were treated with RURS using a semi-rigid or flexible ureteroscope to access the stone; and Group B, were treated by antegrade miniperc URS, were a 14-F renal tract was obtained to pass a ureteric access sheath, then a flexible ureteroscope was used going downwards to the stone...

Introduction . A number of rare anatomical anomalies, including retroexternal iliac ureter, extrarenal calyces (ERCs), and vascular anomalies, were observed in a 96-year-old female cadaver during a routine dissection. Description . A markedly dilated left extrarenal pelvis (ERP) with a diameter of 3.15 cm was noticed. Three major calyces were found outside of the normal-sized left kidney. The abdominal aorta (AA), instead of normal bifurcation, branched to the right common, left external, and left internal iliac arteries...

The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is highly variable as far as its clinical presentation is concerned. For the implementation of appropriate medical surveillance and treatment, an accurate diagnosis is compulsory. TSC may affect the heart, skin, kidneys, central nervous system (epileptic seizures and nodular intracranial tumors-tubers), bones, eyes, lungs, blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this paper is to report renal manifestations as first clinical signs suggestive of TSC diagnosis...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hydronephrosis (CH) is a condition with dilated renal pelvis with or without dilation of renal calyces. AIM: To examine the role of magnetic resonance urography in the detection of congenital hydronephrosis in comparison to dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Resarch included 58 (n=58) patients with diagnosis of congenital unilateral or bilateral dilatation of kidney duct system. Each patient had a one-time or multiple hospitalization at the Nephrology Department of the Pediatric Clinic, with performed: ultrasound which confirmed CH, voiding cystourethrography / voiding urosonography was confirmed based on which the vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was established / excluded, dynamic renal scintigraphy and magnetic urography (analysis was made by CHOP-fMRU software) on the basis of which the uterine anatomy and the relative renal function were evaluated...