Dementia, Amnestic Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: With virologic suppression and longer life expectancy, older adults with HIV (OAHIV) are at risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). This study investigated neurocognitive performance, quality of life (QOL) and the association between OAHIV determinants. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in OAHIV aged ≥ 50 years on antiretroviral treatment at community hospitals in Northern Thailand between September and November 2020. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Thai Version (MoCA-T) and the Thai-validated Medical Outcomes Study HIV (MOS-HIV) were used...

The missense mutation p.R406W in microtubule-associated protein tau leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with an amnestic, Alzheimer's disease-like phenotype with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. In 2003, we described the pedigree of a Belgian family, labeled ADG, with 28 p.R406W patients. Over 18 years follow-up, we extended the family with 10 p.R406W carriers and provided an in-depth clinical description of the patients. Additionally, genetic screening was used to identify p.R406W carriers in Belgian cohorts of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease patients and to calculate p...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has multiple clinically and pathologically defined subtypes where the underlying causes of such heterogeneity are not well established. Rare TREM2 variants confer significantly increased risk for clinical AD in addition to other neurodegenerative disease clinical phenotypes. Whether TREM2 variants are associated with atypical clinical or pathologically defined subtypes of AD is not known. We studied here the clinical and pathological features associated with TREM2 risk variants in an autopsy-confirmed cohort...

Tauopathies are both clinical and pathological heterogeneous disorders characterized by neuronal and/or glial accumulation of misfolded tau protein. It is now well understood that every pathologic tauopathy may present with various clinical phenotypes based on the primary site of involvement and the spread and distribution of the pathology in the nervous system making clinicopathological correlation more and more challenging. The clinical spectrum of tauopathies includes syndromes with a strong association with an underlying primary tauopathy, including Richardson syndrome (RS), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), non-fluent agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfaPPA)/apraxia of speech, pure akinesia with gait freezing (PAGF), and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), or weak association with an underlying primary tauopathy, including Parkinsonian syndrome, late-onset cerebellar ataxia, primary lateral sclerosis, semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and amnestic syndrome...

Language impairments, hallmarks of speech/language variant progressive supranuclear palsy, also occur in Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS). Impaired communication may interfere with daily activities. Therefore, assessment of language functions is crucial. It is uncertain whether the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) is practicable in PSP-RS, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and language deficits differ in these disorders. 28 PSP-RS, 24 AD, and 24 bvFTD patients were investigated using the AAT and the CERAD-Plus battery...

The Aberdeen birth cohorts of 1921 and 1936 (ABC21 and ABC36) were subjected to IQ tests in 1932 or 1947 when they were aged about 11y. They were recruited between 1997-2001 among cognitively healthy community residents and comprehensively phenotyped in a long-term study of brain aging and health up to 2017. Here, we report associations between baseline cognitive test scores and long-term cognitive outcomes. On recruitment, significant sex differences within and between the ABC21 and ABC36 cohorts supported advantages in verbal ability and learning among the ABC36 women that were not significant in ABC21...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and affects more than 50 million people around the world. Although there is no effective treatment for the disease at the moment, early detection is still critical to start an early management plan and try out various interventions. Besides the stereotypical Amnestic Syndrome, many atypical pehnotypes exist which make accurate early diagnosis challenging. METHOD: Examined Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS), behavioural variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD), Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA), and Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) cases correlating with AD's onset...

BACKGROUND: The classic most common clinical variant of Alzheimer´s Disease(AD) is the progressive amnestic-dysexecutive predominant syndrome. Atypical or focal cortical AD clinical presentations are characterized by unusual symptoms that include corticobasal syndrome(CBS), logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia(lvPPA), posterior cortical atrophy syndrome(PCA), and a frontal variant AD(fvAD). Atypical phenotypes are more frequently observed in men, at a younger age and tend to be less associated with apolipoprotein E(APOE) ɛ4 allele genotype than typical amnestic-dysexecutive cases...

Cancer and Alzheimer's disease are common diseases in ageing populations. Previous research has reported a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease-type (amnestic) dementia among individuals with a diagnosis of cancer. Both cancer and amnestic dementia are prevalent and potentially lethal clinical syndromes. The current study was conducted to investigate the association of cancer diagnosis with neuropathological and cognitive features of dementia. Data were analysed from longitudinally evaluated participants in a community-based cohort study of brain ageing who came to autopsy at the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's dementia is a complex clinical syndrome that can be defined broadly as an amnestic multidomain dementia. We previously reported human cortical proteins that are implicated in Alzheimer's dementia. To understand the pathologic correlates of these proteins for underlying disease mechanisms, we investigated cortical protein associations with common age-related neuropathologies. METHODS: Participants were community-dwelling older adults from two cohort studies of aging and dementia...

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) has been proposed as a biomarker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. We studied PDGFRβ levels as a biomarker for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), or Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: CSF PDGFRβ levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with CAA, patients with aMCI/AD, and in matched controls...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term (three-year) prognosis of the cognitive deficits progression in elderly people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) based on the analysis of the initial clinical and immunological parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is based on a clinical and follow-up study of 252 outpatients with aMCI, who were observed in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Mental Health Research Center» from 2018 to 2020...

Importance: The behavioral variant of Alzheimer disease (bvAD) is characterized by early and predominant behavioral deficits caused by AD pathology. This AD phenotype is insufficiently understood and lacks standardized clinical criteria, limiting reliability and reproducibility of diagnosis and scientific reporting. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the bvAD literature and use the outcomes to propose research criteria for this syndrome...

This narrative review aimed to explore the existing knowledge in order to examine the multiple forms of late-life depression (LLD) within a non-neurodegenerative or a neurodegenerative context, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will first provide information about different pathogenic hypotheses proposed to describe LLD when it is not linked to a neurodegenerative context. Within the presentation of these syndromes, the literature reports thymic and cognitive specific features and highlights a common preponderance of cognitive impairment, and particularly executive...

Making predictions about the world and responding appropriately to unexpected events are essential functions of the healthy brain. In neurodegenerative disorders, such as frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, impaired processing of 'surprise' may underpin a diverse array of symptoms, particularly abnormalities of social and emotional behaviour, but is challenging to characterize. Here, we addressed this issue using a novel paradigm: music. We studied 62 patients (24 female; aged 53-88) representing major syndromes of frontotemporal dementia (behavioural variant, semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, non-fluent-agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia) and typical amnestic Alzheimer's disease, in relation to 33 healthy controls (18 female; aged 54-78)...

Laughter is a fundamental communicative signal in our relations with other people and is used to convey a diverse repertoire of social and emotional information. It is therefore potentially a useful probe of impaired socio-emotional signal processing in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we investigated the cognitive and affective processing of laughter in forty-seven patients representing all major syndromes of frontotemporal dementia, a disease spectrum characterised by severe socio-emotional dysfunction (twenty-two with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, twelve with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, thirteen with nonfluent-agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia), in relation to fifteen patients with typical amnestic Alzheimer's disease and twenty healthy age-matched individuals...

BACKGROUND: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurocognitive disorder characterized by difficulty localizing in space. Recognizing PCA is important because it is usually missed early in its course and may result from a number of neurological disorders other than Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify whether impaired visual search tasks of spatial localization distinguished patients with PCA from those with other more typical dementias as well as from healthy control (HC) subjects...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease with a causative genetic mutation (AD-CGM) is an uncommon form, characterized by a heterogeneous clinical phenotype and variations in the genotype of racial groups affected. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systemically describe the phenotype variance and mutation spectrum in the large sample size of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) cohort, Beijing, China. METHODS: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out in 1108 patients diagnosed with dementia...

INTRODUCTION: Molecular imaging has been developed and validated in Thai patients, comprising a portion of patients in the dementia registry. This should provide a more accurate diagnosis of the etiology of dementia, which was the focus of this study. METHODS: This was a multicenter dementia study. The baseline characteristics, main presenting symptoms, and results of investigations and cognitive tests of the patients were electronically collected in the registry...

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease that leads to a progressive memory loss, visualspatial impairments, emotional and personality changes. As its earliest pre-dementia clinical stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment syndrome (aMCI) is currently considered. Neuroinflammation plays a role in the development and progression of aMCI and the initial stage of AD, which can be supported by immunological disorders of a systemic character. Study of factors, including infections, influencing immune disorders and systemic inflammatory response in patients with aMCI, is of great importance...