Veterinary dentistry

OBJECTIVE: To determine signalment, injury type, trauma severity score, and outcome of canine trauma patients undergoing surgical (emergency room [ER] or operating room [OR]) and nonsurgical treatment in addition to time to surgery, specialty services involved, and cost in the OR surgery population. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of medical record and hospital trauma registry data on canine trauma cases. SETTING: University teaching hospital...

This case study describes the diagnosis and treatment of a deciduous left maxillary canine tooth root that had been displaced into the pulp of the developing permanent left maxillary canine tooth in a 23-month-old female neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. The patient was initially presented for bilateral persistent deciduous maxillary canine teeth extraction. Seventeen months later the permanent left maxillary canine tooth was found to be non-vital and tooth development had ceased prior to apical closure...

There is a growing trend of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in veterinary medicine, with the potential to assist veterinarians in clinical decisions. A commercially available, AI-based software program (AISP) for detecting common radiographic dental pathologies in dogs and cats was assessed for agreement with two human evaluators. Furcation bone loss, periapical lucency, resorptive lesion, retained tooth root, attachment (alveolar bone) loss and tooth fracture were assessed. The AISP does not attempt to diagnose or provide treatment recommendations, nor has it been trained to identify other types of radiographic pathology...

BACKGROUND: Disruption of acid-base homeostasis can lead to many clinical problems. Ammonia excretion by the kidneys is critical to maintaining acid-base homeostasis through bicarbonate production. Measurement of ammonia excretion may help determine if the kidneys are properly functioning in maintaining acid-base balance. Reference intervals are essential tools for clinical decision-making but do not currently exist for urinary ammonia-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in feline patients. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to generate a reference interval (RI) for UACR in healthy adult cats...

BACKGROUND: The study of the morphological parameters of teeth on dental radiographic images, especially evaluation of the pulp canal/root ratio (PCRR), has been presented as a reliable method to estimate age both in humans and animals. Evaluating PCRR involves a simple, nondestructive procedure that can be used both in living individuals and in cadavers. There is a scarcity of studies assessing the relationship between PCRR and age in dogs (Canis lupus f amiliaris) . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PCRR and age in Yorkshire terrier dogs...

The shortfin mako shark ( Isurus oxyrinchus ) is a large pelagic predator that inhabits coastal and ocean waters. It has several teeth arranged in rows that run from the rostral to the lingual face. These teeth are in several stages of maturation, where the teeth closest to the rostral face are more mature and functional and the teeth closest to the lingual face are still in development. The tooth supply of the shark is unlimited throughout its life. The mechanism of tooth replacement follows that, when the front teeth are discarded physiologically, the posterior teeth replace it...

Tooth resorption (TR) is a common dental condition seen in domestic cats, with a reported prevalence of 29-37.5% in clinically healthy cats and 60.8-67% in cats presenting for dental problems. Radiological and medical records of 120 cats that underwent dental treatment at a private veterinary clinic in Israel between October 2015 and February 2023 were reviewed. Records in which full-mouth radiographs had been obtained were included in the study. Radiographs were screened for TR according to the AVDC classification...

OBJECTIVE: This benchmark study aimed to investigate sex-related differences based on the identification and characterization of the salivary proteome of healthy male and female dogs using mass spectrometry (MS) technique and a homology-driven approach to analyze salivary proteins in both human and dog species utilizing protein sequence alignment technique. METHODS: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 10 healthy Beagles. After processing the samples and determining the total protein content, in-solution protein digestion was performed involving denaturation, reduction of disulfide bonds, alkylation, and removal of interfering compounds...

Masticatory myositis (MM) is an inflammatory myopathy reported in dogs and is characterized by inflammation of the masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles). Immunosuppressive therapy is the current recommended treatment for MM and may involve glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, or a combination of these treatments that are slowly tapered to the lowest effective dose. However, side effects from multimodal medical therapy and complications associated with MM relapses have been reported...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Dental-skeletal-retinal-anomaly (DSRA) is a newly described collagenopathy in Cane Corso dogs. The causative mutation has been linked with splice defects within the melanoma inhibitory activity member 3 (MIA/3) gene that codes for the TANGO1 protein. This case series presents the first dental-related radiographic and histopathological abnormalities in two dogs with genetically confirmed DSRA. The clinical, radiological, and histological features are similar to those reported for MIA3/TANGO1 splice defects previously reported in humans and knockout mice...

This study evaluated observer variations in the interpretation of radiographic evidence for periodontal disease, tooth resorption, and endodontic disease in dogs. Forty dental radiographs were evaluated for 12 different parameters (periapical destruction of bone, wider than expected root canal, narrower than expected root canal, apical root resorption, loss of alveolar bone, external surface resorption, external replacement resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external cervical root resorption, internal surface resorption, internal replacement resorption, internal inflammatory resorption)...

Data on the age of apical closure in felines is limited. Moreover, differences in age of apical closure between male and female cats have not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of apical closure in cats and determine if sex or position in the dental arch affected closure. In this retrospective descriptive study, intraoral radiographs were obtained at monthly or multiple-monthly intervals for 18 cats. Nine were intact females and 9 were neutered males, ranging from 6 to 9.4 months of age at the start of the study which ranged over an 8-month period...

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a common disease in dogs, and daily dental home care in the form of tooth brushing is essential for prevention and treatment. Despite this, many studies reveal low adherence to tooth brushing advice. This study aimed to assess compliance with dental home care among dogs with periodontitis and understand the factors influencing brushing routines. A questionnaire survey was emailed to 63 dog owners whose dogs had been diagnosed with periodontitis, received dental cleaning at the University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and were given tooth brushing instructions...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to describe the AMC to the Rescue (AMCTTR) funding criteria and the application process; (2) to describe the distribution of species cared for through the program, the medical conditions treated in cats compared with those treated in dogs and the cost of that care; and (3) to define the successes and challenges of the program. METHODS: The AMCTTR database was reviewed for applications submitted between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022...

A 6-month-old intact male Dalmatian mix puppy was presented for the evaluation of left maxillary swelling due to a suspected cyst and an unerupted left maxillary canine tooth. Removal of the unerupted left maxillary canine tooth (204) and enucleation of the cyst was performed, followed by histological analysis, which identified the maxillary swelling to be a cystic ameloblastic fibroma. Ameloblastic fibromas are rare in companion animals, and to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first cystic variant reported in dogs...

Dental disease is common in captive-managed macropods, including Bennett's wallabies, and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Dental extractions and debridement of diseased tissue is often necessary for those undergoing treatment for severe dental disease. Regional anesthesia of the dentition is considered standard of care for domestic animals undergoing orofacial surgery, however, it is not routinely performed in macropods due to limited information on dental anatomy and block approaches. Regional block descriptions for the infraorbital, maxillary, inferior alveolar, and mental blocks in domestic dogs and cats were evaluated and adapted for use in Bennett's wallabies based on descriptions of their anatomy and examination of 2 skulls...

This study evaluated the prevalence of root fusion in the right and left maxillary second molar teeth in dogs using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 180 dog CBCT scans, or a total of 360 maxillary second molar teeth, were analyzed in this study. Dogs were divided into weight categories of small (<10 kg), medium (10-25 kg), and large (>25 kg). Skull type (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic) and sex were also recorded for each dog. Overall, 65% of maxillary second molar teeth had some type of root fusion...

INTRODUCTION: Dental disease is a common condition affecting horses. Its prevalence and characteristics among most of the common breeds of horses and donkeys have been investigated and described in the literature, but information about the prevalence and etiology of dental disease of miniature horses is sparse. METHODS: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of dental disease of miniature horses, we performed oral and dental radiographic examinations on 100 miniature horses...

Masticatory myositis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that affects the muscles of mastication. The affected individual has difficulties in opening or closing the mouth, pain, and swelling in the acute phase, and significant atrophy of the affected musculature in the chronic phase. A guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus ) with a history of chronic hyporexia, recurrent cheek teeth overgrowth, and loss of facial silhouette, was suspected of having masticatory myositis. The disease was confirmed by computed tomography and histopathological examination of muscle fragments...