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There is a genetic susceptibility for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To examine the role of genetic factors in the disease, a Bayesian analysis was performed to model gene relationships in NAFLD pathogenesis. The Bayesian analysis indicated a potential gene interaction between the TM6SF2 and PNPLA3 genes. Next, to explore the underlying mechanism at the cellular level, we evaluated the additive effects between the TM6SF2 E167K and PNPLA3 I148M polymorphisms on lipid metabolism. Hepa 1-6 cells were transfected with a control vector or with overexpression vectors for TM6SF2/PNPLA3-wild type, TM6SF2-mutant type, PNPLA3-mutant type, or TM6SF2/PNPLA3-mutant type...

Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), calculated as the difference between the observed value of HbA1 and the predicted HbA1c based on plasma glucose concentration, is a measure of the individual tendency toward non-enzymatic hemoglobin glycation which has been found to be positively associated with nephropathy in subjects with diabetes. In this cross-sectional study we aimed to evaluate whether higher HGI levels are associated with impaired kidney function also among nondiabetic individuals.The study group comprised 1505 White nondiabetic individuals stratified in quartiles according to HGI levels...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Television (TV) viewing is a major component of leisure sedentary time, and has been consistently associated with cardiovascular disease. We examined the extent to which metabolic biomarkers explain the association between TV viewing and mortality. METHODS: Participants (N = 8,451, aged 64.8 ± 9.9 yrs) were drawn from The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a national prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men and women living in England...

Since publication of the 2004 update to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group No. 43 Report (TG-43U1) and its 2007 supplement (TG-43U1S1), several new low-energy photon-emitting brachytherapy sources have become available. Many of these sources have satisfied the AAPM prerequisites for routine clinical purposes and are posted on the Brachytherapy Seed Registry managed jointly by the AAPM and the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core Houston Quality Assurance Center (IROC Houston)...

BACKGROUND: Formation of 43S and 48S preinitiation complexes plays an important role in muscle protein synthesis. There is no muscle-wasting mouse model caused by a repressed 43S preinitiation complex assembly. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to develop a convenient mouse model of skeletal muscle wasting with repressed 43S preinitiation complex assembly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A ligand-activatable PERK derivative Fv2E-PERK causes the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), which inhibits 43S preinitiation complex assembly...

BACKGROUND: Normal thyroid function is essential for general growth and metabolism, but can be affected by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used worldwide to reduce flammability in different materials and are suspected to be EDCs. The production of the commercial Penta- and OctaBDE mixtures is banned, but DecaBDEs and existing products may leak PBDEs into the environment. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the PentaBDE mixture DE-71 on human thyroid cells in vitro...

Online acquisition of Cherenkov and portal imaging data was combined with a reconstruction scheme called EC3D, providing a full 3D dosimetry of megavoltage X-ray beams in a water tank. The methodology was demonstrated and quantified in a single static beam. Furthermore, the dynamics and visualization of the 3D dose reconstruction were demonstrated with a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan for TG-119 C-Shape geometry. The developed algorithm combines depth dose information, provided by Cherenkov images, with the lateral dose distribution, provided by the electronic portal imaging device (EPID)...

Achondroplasia is the most common genetic form of human dwarfism, characterized by midfacial hypoplasia resulting in occlusal abnormality and foramen magnum stenosis, leading to serious neurologic complications and hydrocephalus. Currently, surgery is the only way to manage jaw deformity, neurologic complications, and hydrocephalus in patients with achondroplasia. We previously showed that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a potent stimulator of endochondral bone growth of long bones and vertebrae and is also a potent stimulator in the craniofacial region, which is crucial for midfacial skeletogenesis...

Like all eukaryotic cell types, skeletal muscle can store free fatty acids (FFA) as triacylglycerol (TG) in lipid droplets (LDs), which in three dimensions can be viewed as balls of lipid ranging in size. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

SCOPE: SlimTrym(®) is a formulated product composed of citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), green tea extract and lychee extract. We investigated the effect of dietary SlimTrym(®) on diet-induced obesity and associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing 0.1% or 0.5% SlimTrym(®) for sixteen weeks. Dietary SlimTrym(®) significantly reduced weight gain and relative perigonadal, retroperitoneal, mesenteric fat weight as well as the size of adipocyte in HFD-fed mice...

INTRODUCTION: Sigma metrics were applied to evaluate the performance of 20 routine chemistry assays, and individual quality control criteria were established based on the sigma values of different assays. METHODS: Precisions were expressed as the average coefficient variations (CVs) of long-term two-level chemistry controls. The biases of the 20 assays were obtained from the results of trueness programs organized by National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL, China) in 2016...

Neutrophils play an essential role during an inflammatory response, which is dependent on their rapid recruitment from the bone marrow to the vasculature. However, there is no information about the molecular signals that regulate neutrophil entry to circulation during an inflammatory process in humans. This is mainly due to the lack of a suitable model of study that contains similar set of molecules and that allows in vivo analyses. In this study, we used the zebrafish to assess the role of Cxcl8a, Cxcl8b, and Cxcr2 in neutrophil migration to blood circulation after injury...

DDD/Sgn mice have significantly higher plasma lipid concentrations than C57BL/6J mice. In the present study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for plasma total-cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in reciprocal F2 male intercross populations between the two strains. By single-QTL scans, we identified four significant QTL on chromosomes (Chrs) 1, 5, 17, and 19 for CHO and two significant QTL on Chrs 1 and 12 for TG. By including cross direction as an interactive covariate, we identified separate significant QTL on Chr 17 for CHO but none for TG...

Background: We investigated whether substituting sitting with standing and self-perceived light walking in free-living conditions would improve cardiometabolic risk factors, mood, and cognition in overweight/obese adults. Methods: In a randomized, cross-over study, 24 (m/f: 13/11) sedentary overweight/obese participants (64 ± 7 years, BMI 29 ± 2 kg/m(2)) followed two activity regimens of each 4 days in free-living conditions: "Sit": sitting 13.5 h/day, standing 1.4 h/day, self-perceived light-intensity walking 0...

The Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocyte cell strain is widely considered to be a representative in vitro model of human white pre-adipocytes. A recent study suggested that SGBS adipocytes exhibit an unexpected transient brown phenotype. Here, we comprehensively examined key differences between SGBS adipocytes and primary human white subcutaneous (PHWSC) adipocytes. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and metabolic pathways were the top two KEGG pathways significantly enriched in SGBS adipocytes, which included positively enriched mitochondrial respiration and oxidation pathways...

The role of complement (C) in the pathogenesis or progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is uncertain. The present study assessed the relationship between serum C3, the baseline characteristics, and the progression of FSGS in the cohort and identified the clinical implications of serum C3 levels in patients with FSGS. Compared to the patients with C3 ≥ 85 mg/dL (N = 474), those with C3 < 85 mg/dL (N = 117) presented a higher level of serum creatinine, lower levels of eGFR, hemoglobin, proteinuria, triglyceride, cholesterol, IgA, as well as, severe tubulointerstitial injury (TI)...

The measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides as indicators of metabolic disorders and most particularly of vascular disease risk has been of growing importance to physicians and epidemiologists over the past century. This was refocused on the lipoproteins, the specific packages in blood that carry these lipids, by John Gofman, MD, PhD, and Don Fredrickson, MD, more than 50 years ago. We continue to learn about the metabolism of these large molecular structures and their relationship to arteriosclerosis as new genetic and interventional studies are published...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with some complications including nonspecific musculoskeletal pain and periodontal disease in maintenance methadone treatment (MMT) patients. This study was designed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on psychological symptoms and metabolic profiles in MMT patients. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was carried out among 68 MMT patients. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either 50,000IU vitamin D supplements (n=34) or placebo (n=34) every 2weeks for 12weeks...

Regulator of G protein signalling 2 (RGS2) is known to play a protective role in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure via its ability to inhibit Gq and Gs mediated GPCR signalling. We previously demonstrated that RGS2 can also inhibit protein translation and can thereby attenuate cell growth. This G protein-independent inhibitory effect has been mapped to a 37 amino acid domain (RGS2(eb)) within RGS2 that binds to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). When expressed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, RGS2(eb) attenuates both protein synthesis and hypertrophy induced by Gq- and Gs- activating agents...

Poor maternal nutrition causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); however, its effects on fetal cardiac development are unclear. We have developed a baboon model of moderate maternal undernutrition, leading to IUGR. We hypothesized that IUGR affects fetal cardiac structure and metabolism. Six control pregnant baboons ate ad-libitum (CTRL)) or 70% CTRL from 0.16 of gestation (G). Fetuses were euthanized at C-section at 0.9G under general anesthesia. Male but not female IUGR fetuses showed left ventricular fibrosis inversely correlated with birth weight...