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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ciliopathy patient variants reveal organelle-specific functions for TUBB4B in axonemal microtubules.
Daniel O Dodd, Sabrina Mechaussier, Patricia L Yeyati, Fraser McPhie, Jacob R Anderson, Chen Jing Khoo, Amelia Shoemark, Deepesh K Gupta, Thomas Attard, Maimoona A Zariwala, Marie Legendre, Diana Bracht, Julia Wallmeier, Miao Gui, Mahmoud R Fassad, David A Parry, Peter A Tennant, Alison Meynert, Gabrielle Wheway, Lucas Fares-Taie, Holly A Black, Rana Mitri-Frangieh, Catherine Faucon, Josseline Kaplan, Mitali Patel, Lisa McKie, Roly Megaw, Christos Gatsogiannis, Mai A Mohamed, Stuart Aitken, Philippe Gautier, Finn R Reinholt, Robert A Hirst, Chris O'Callaghan, Ketil Heimdal, Mathieu Bottier, Estelle Escudier, Suzanne Crowley, Maria Descartes, Ethylin W Jabs, Priti Kenia, Jeanne Amiel, Giacomo Maria Bacci, Claudia Calogero, Viviana Palazzo, Lucia Tiberi, Ulrike Blümlein, Andrew Rogers, Jennifer A Wambach, Daniel J Wegner, Anne B Fulton, Margaret Kenna, Margaret Rosenfeld, Ingrid A Holm, Alan Quigley, Emma A Hall, Laura C Murphy, Diane M Cassidy, Alex von Kriegsheim, Jean-François Papon, Laurent Pasquier, Marlène S Murris, James D Chalmers, Claire Hogg, Kenneth A Macleod, Don S Urquhart, Stefan Unger, Timothy J Aitman, Serge Amselem, Margaret W Leigh, Michael R Knowles, Heymut Omran, Hannah M Mitchison, Alan Brown, Joseph A Marsh, Julie P I Welburn, Shih-Chieh Ti, Amjad Horani, Jean-Michel Rozet, Isabelle Perrault, Pleasantine Mill
Tubulin, one of the most abundant cytoskeletal building blocks, has numerous isotypes in metazoans encoded by different conserved genes. Whether these distinct isotypes form cell type- and context-specific microtubule structures is poorly understood. Based on a cohort of 12 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia as well as mouse mutants, we identified and characterized variants in the TUBB4B isotype that specifically perturbed centriole and cilium biogenesis. Distinct TUBB4B variants differentially affected microtubule dynamics and cilia formation in a dominant-negative manner...
April 26, 2024: Science
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miguel Alejandro Blanco-Ríos, Milton Osiel Candela-Leal, Cecilia Orozco-Romo, Paulina Remis-Serna, Carol Stefany Vélez-Saboyá, Jorge de Jesús Lozoya-Santos, Manuel Cebral-Loureda, Mauricio Adolfo Ramírez-Moreno
Within the field of Humanities, there is a recognized need for educational innovation, as there are currently no reported tools available that enable individuals to interact with their environment to create an enhanced learning experience in the humanities (e.g., immersive spaces). This project proposes a solution to address this gap by integrating technology and promoting the development of teaching methodologies in the humanities, specifically by incorporating emotional monitoring during the learning process of humanistic context inside an immersive space...
2024: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorenzo Farina
Dissecting bodies is a common practice in many cultures. But in "big data medicine", the art of dissecting the human body has become an obsession. Indeed, modern biotechnology allows us to see and measure the molecular components of every single cell. But how can we put this immense number of bits and pieces back together again and see the patient as a whole? The first turning point is that proposed by René Descartes, who, inspired by dreams and visions, conceived the idea of unifying all scientific disciplines through the pervasive application of mathematics...
April 2024: Recenti Progressi in Medicina
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Georges Chapouthier
Initial practices involving experimentation with animals can be found in ancient Greece, but animal experimentation as understood in the modern world first emerged in the Renaissance. In the 19th century, the French scientist Claude Bernard analysed the basis for animal experimentation using the Cartesian philosophical concept of animals being equivalent to machines. Yet as Claude Bernard's work on biology developed, it showed that animals, in particular the so-called sentient animals, did have forms of sensitivity and consciousness similar to humans...
2023: Biologie Aujourd'hui
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosa Hendijani
Mental causation is a deep-rooted debate in the philosophy and psychology literature. It relates to the causal role of mind on the physical world and is tightly linked with the Descartes' dualistic approach towards mind-body interaction. While the role of mental properties might seem obvious in our everyday interaction with the world, there are many arguments that make mental causation inefficacious or redundant within the physical world. In the motivation literature, the issue of mental causation is pivotal...
October 27, 2023: Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science
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REVIEW
María José Pérez-Sáez, Núria Montero, Laia Oliveras, Dolores Redondo-Pachón, David Martínez-Simón, Daniel Abramovicz, Umberto Maggiore, Christophe Mariat, Geir Mjoen, Gabriel C Oniscu, Licia Peruzzi, Mehmet Sükrü Sever, Bruno Watschinger, Arzu Velioglu, Erol Demir, Ilaria Gandolfini, Rachel Hellemans, Luuk Hilbrands, Julio Pascual, Marta Crespo
BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant (KT) recipients of HLA identical siblings (HLAid) have lower immunological risk, but there are no specific recommendations for immunosuppression. Our aim was to analyze evidence about results from HLAid living-donor recipients under different immunosuppression in the current era of immunological risk assessment. METHODS: Systematic review of studies describing associations between outcomes of HLAid living-donor KT recipients according to their immunological risk and applied immunosuppression...
August 1, 2023: Transplantation Reviews
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arjen Bot, Paul Venema
The Edmond-Ogston model for phase separation is extended to ternary polymer mixtures in a common solvent (de facto a quaternary mixture). The model assumes a truncated virial expansion of the Helmholtz free energy up to the second-order terms in the concentration of the polymers, and the second virial coefficients ( B 11 , B 22 , B 33 , B 12 , B 13 , B 23 ) are the six parameters of the model. New results from this model are presented in relation to earlier work on binary mixtures: a necessary condition for the virial coefficients for the occurrence of phase separation in two or three phases, an analysis of the different regions of (local) thermodynamic instability using the Descartes sign rule, an expression for the critical curves, a relation between the tangents in points along the critical curve, a relation between the concentration of components in the different phases according to the so-called Lambert-W function, and a consistency check for the composition of coexisting phases in ternary mixtures...
August 8, 2023: ACS Omega
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yujiao Zhou, Gilles Ledoux, Laurence Bois, Sylvie Descartes, Nathalie Bouscharain, Fernand Chassagneux, Matteo Martini, Yamaldi Midiladji Bakary, Catherine Journet, David Philippon
Non-contact temperature measurement at the nanoscale by photoluminescence using a nano-sensor in a confined fluid has been performed in the present work. Upconversion lanthanide-doped nanoparticles applied to ratiometric thermometry could be considered as a self-referenced nanosensor. Gadolinium orthovanadate (GdVO4 ) nanoparticles doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ were synthesized and then dispersed in an ester-based fluid. Rheological measurements show that the viscosity of the dispersed NP suspension remains unchanged up to a shear rate of 10-4 s-1 at 393 K...
July 19, 2023: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics: PCCP
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Lloyd
The pre-conditions and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are inter-connected with those of climate change, prompting reflection on how to re-think the relations between human and non-human on a changing planet. This essay considers that issue with reference to the contrasts between the philosophies of Descartes and Spinoza, who offered radically different approaches to the conceptualization of human presence in Nature.
July 11, 2023: Journal of Bioethical Inquiry
#10
MULTICENTER STUDY
Volkan Granit, Michael Benatar, Metin Kurtoglu, Miloš D Miljković, Nizar Chahin, Gregory Sahagian, Marc H Feinberg, Adam Slansky, Tuan Vu, Christopher M Jewell, Michael S Singer, Murat V Kalayoglu, James F Howard, Tahseen Mozaffar
BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are highly effective in treating haematological malignancies, but associated toxicities and the need for lymphodepletion limit their use in people with autoimmune disease. To explore the use of CAR T cells for the treatment of people with autoimmune disease, and to improve their safety, we engineered them with RNA (rCAR-T)-rather than the conventional DNA approach-to target B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) expressed on plasma cells. To test the suitability of our approach, we used rCAR-T to treat individuals with myasthenia gravis, a prototypical autoantibody disease mediated partly by pathogenic plasma cells...
July 2023: Lancet Neurology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher P Noble
This paper argues that Leibniz's use of the concept of "automaton" to characterize the nature of souls and bodies of living beings constitutes a systematic critique of Descartes' earlier use of automata. Whereas Descartes conceived non-human animals in terms of mechanical automata, he also denied that the human rational soul can be modeled on the nature of an automaton. In contrast, Leibniz understood living things to involve both an organic body, or "natural automaton," as well as an immaterial soul, or "spiritual automaton," that spontaneously produces its own perceptions...
June 20, 2023: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marine Fidelle, Conrad Rauber, Carolina Alves Costa Silva, Ai-Ling Tian, Imran Lahmar, Anne-Laure Mallard de La Varende, Liwei Zhao, Cassandra Thelemaque, Isabelle Lebhar, Meriem Messaoudene, Eugenie Pizzato, Roxanne Birebent, Maxime Descartes Mbogning Fonkou, Silvia Zoppi, Anna Reni, Cécile Dalban, Marion Leduc, Gladys Ferrere, Sylvère Durand, Pierre Ly, Aymeric Silvin, Kevin Mulder, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Florent Ginhoux, Satoru Yonekura, Maria Paula Roberti, Maryam Tidjani-Alou, Safae Terrisse, Jianzhou Chen, Oliver Kepp, Angela Schippers, Norbert Wagner, Javier Suárez-Gosálvez, Sebastian Kobold, Jean-Eudes Fahrner, Corentin Richard, Jacques Bosq, Leonardo Lordello, Giacomo Vitali, Nathalie Galleron, Benoît Quinquis, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Lucas Blanchard, Jean-Philippe Girard, Anne Jarry, Nadine Gervois, Emmanuelle Godefroy, Nathalie Labarrière, Ronald Koschny, Romain Daillère, Benjamin Besse, Caroline Truntzer, François Ghiringhelli, Nicolas Coatnoan, Vanessa Mhanna, David Klatzmann, Damien Drubay, Laurence Albiges, Andrew Maltez Thomas, Nicola Segata, François-Xavier Danlos, Aurélien Marabelle, Bertrand Routy, Lisa Derosa, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel
Antibiotics (ABX) compromise the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in cancer patients, but the mechanisms underlying their immunosuppressive effects remain unknown. By inducing the down-regulation of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) in the ileum, post-ABX gut recolonization by Enterocloster species drove the emigration of enterotropic α4β7+ CD4+ regulatory T 17 cells into the tumor. These deleterious ABX effects were mimicked by oral gavage of Enterocloster species, by genetic deficiency, or by antibody-mediated neutralization of MAdCAM-1 and its receptor, α4β7 integrin...
June 9, 2023: Science
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eliasz Engelhardt, Gilberto Levy
Some of the earliest conceptual milestones in memory research with relevance to the physical means through which its preservation is made possible, namely, the 'memory trace' or 'engram', are analysed in this study. The fundamental notions were laid down by Platon and Aristoteles. While Platon regarded memory as an imprint on a 'wax block' in the immortal soul, Aristoteles considered memory a modification in the mortal soul, imprinted like a cast at birth time. The Roman orators were interested in mnemotechnics, and Cicero is credited for the term 'trace' ( vestigium ) used for the first time...
2023: Dementia & Neuropsychologia
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinsong Meng
Consciousness is the most precious function of brain; however, there is an explanatory gap between consciousness and matter, which is deemed to affect the scientific research on consciousness. We believe that a methodological trap commonly present in scientific research and the incompleteness of logic are the true reasons that affect the research on consciousness. Here, a novel logic tool, the non-identity law, was extracted from physics and applied into the analysis of the visual dynamics related to naturalistic observation of night-shot still life, whose methodological approach is consistent with Descartes' matter-body-mind approach, breaking free from the methodological trap of current research...
May 24, 2023: Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emmanuel Rousseau, Didier Felbacq
Beginning with Fermat's principle, we provide a detailed derivation of the generalized laws of refraction and reflection for a geometry realizing a metasurface. We first solve the Euler-Lagrange equations for a light ray propagating across the metasurface. The ray-path equation is found analytically, and the results are supported by numerical calculations. We get generalized laws of refraction and reflection that have three main features: (i) They are relevant in gradient-index optics and in geometrical optics; (ii) A collection of rays emerges from the metasurface as a result of multiple reflections inside the metasurface; and (iii) The laws, although derived from Fermat's principle, differ from previously published results...
April 1, 2023: Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alberto Silva-Lora, Rafael Torres
A theory for Descartes ovoids has been developed in terms of four form parameters, (GOTS). This theory allows the design of optical imaging systems that, in addition to a rigorous stigmatism, exhibit the property of aplanatism, necessary for the proper imaging of extended objects. As a decisive step for the production of these systems, in this work, we propose a formulation of Descartes ovoids in the form of standard aspherical surfaces (ISO 10110-12: 2019), by means of explicit formulas for the corresponding aspheric coefficients...
April 1, 2023: Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cristina Cornelio, Sanjeeb Dash, Vernon Austel, Tyler R Josephson, Joao Goncalves, Kenneth L Clarkson, Nimrod Megiddo, Bachir El Khadir, Lior Horesh
Scientists aim to discover meaningful formulae that accurately describe experimental data. Mathematical models of natural phenomena can be manually created from domain knowledge and fitted to data, or, in contrast, created automatically from large datasets with machine-learning algorithms. The problem of incorporating prior knowledge expressed as constraints on the functional form of a learned model has been studied before, while finding models that are consistent with prior knowledge expressed via general logical axioms is an open problem...
April 12, 2023: Nature Communications
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanessa Wayne Palhares da Silva, Keylla Lopes Figueira, Flávia Garcez da Silva, Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui, Marina Smidt Celere Meschede
The scope of this article is to investigate the national and international evidence available on the forms of drug disposal and the presence of drugs in environmental matrices. It involved an integrative review of the literature conducted in the PubMed, SciELO and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, which included articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese published between 2010 and 2020. Twenty-six articles were selected, which revealed the incorrect disposal of medicines by professionals and consumers due mainly to the lack of knowledge about the environmental impacts that they may cause...
April 2023: Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Salma Al Kahf, Baptiste Roux, Sebastien Clerc, Mona Bassehila, A Lecomte, Elsa Moncomble, Elodie Alabadan, Nina de Montmolin, Eve Jablon, Emilie François, Gérard Friedlander, Cécile Badoual, Guy Meyer, Nicolas Roche, Clémence Martin, Benjamin Planquette
OBJECTIVES: Chatbots, conversational agents that walk medical students (MS) though a clinical case, are serious games that seem to be appreciated by MS. Their impact on MS's performance in exams however was not yet evaluated. Chatprogress is a chatbot-based game developed at Paris Descartes University. It contains 8 pulmonology cases with step-by-step answers delivered with pedagogical comments. The CHATPROGRESS study aimed to evaluate the impact of Chatprogress on students' success rate in their end-term exams...
2023: PloS One
#20
MULTICENTER STUDY
Annemiek K E van Hemert, Josefien P van Olmen, Liesbeth J Boersma, John H Maduro, Nicola S Russell, Jolien Tol, Ellen G Engelhardt, Emiel J Th Rutgers, Marie-Jeanne T F D Vrancken Peeters, Frederieke H van Duijnhoven
PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is increasingly used in breast cancer patients and depending on subtype, 10-89% of patients will attain pathologic complete response (pCR). In patients with pCR, risk of local recurrence (LR) after breast conserving therapy is low. Although adjuvant radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery (BCS) reduces LR further in these patients, it may not contribute to overall survival. However, radiotherapy may cause early and late toxicity. The aim of this study is to show that omission of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with a pCR after NST will result in acceptable low LR rates and good quality of life...
May 2023: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
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