Medial patellofemoral ligament physical therapy

This case report details the clinical evaluation, imaging findings, and surgical management of a 17-year-old female with a two-year history of persistent knee pain and recurrent patellar dislocations. Despite the absence of traumatic injury, the patient exhibited significant anatomical abnormalities, including a laterally dislocated patella, shallow trochlear groove, increased tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, and patella alta by calculating Insall-Salvati ratio. The Insall-Salvati ratio is a radiographic measurement used to assess the position of the patella within the knee joint...

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a surgical treatment, primarily indicated for patients grappling with recurrent patellar instability stemming from traumatic injury or underlying anatomical anomalies. This abstract aims to elucidate the indispensable role of physiotherapy in the post-operative rehabilitation trajectory for individuals subjected to MPFL reconstruction. Physiotherapy emerges as a linchpin in securing a triumphant outcome, fostering the healing of patellar stability, augmentation of range of motion (ROM), and bolstering muscular strength while concurrently mitigating potential complications...

Pediatric patellar instability and/or dislocation is a challenging diagnosis category that requires an interdisciplinary team consisting of orthopedic surgeons and physical therapists for optimized patient outcomes. This educational case series outlines core concepts for three patients with unique patellar dislocation presentations. Case 1 is a 16-year-old male who presented with a history of five knee traumatic patellar dislocations with self-reduction and underwent knee arthroscopic surgery with debridement and microfracture of the patella chondral defect, arthroscopic lateral release to improve the patellar tilt, and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction...

BACKGROUND: Sparse objective data are available documenting changes of trochlear shape after trochleoplasty. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose was to investigate whether standardized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements that characterize trochlear dysplasia (TD) change significantly after arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty (ADT) combined with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. It was hypothesized that MRI measurements would approximate normal values...

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effectiveness of management strategies and rehabilitation approaches for knee joint structural and molecular biomarker outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or meniscal tear. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscus databases from their inception up to November 3, 2021. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of management strategies or rehabilitation approaches for structural/molecular biomarkers of knee joint health following ACL and/or meniscal tear...

PURPOSE: No consensus exists on rehabilitation programmes after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) with or without tibial tuberosity osteotomy (TTO). This systematic review examined the content and timeline of rehabilitation (weightbearing, range of motion [ROM] and exercise therapy) and return to sport (RTS), as well as patient-reported outcomes after MPFLR with or without TTO. METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to December 2021...

Background: Patellar instability is a common orthopedic condition in the pediatric population. Many factors contribute to patellar instability, including trochlear dysplasia. However, patellar instability and its treatments are not well documented in the literature for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Case Report: After medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, a 17-year-old male with osteogenesis imperfecta had a patellar dislocation that resulted in a patellar fracture. The patient subsequently had a revision of his MPFL reconstruction, and at 2½ years postoperation has had no episodes of recurrent patellar instability...

BACKGROUND: Sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty has been established as an effective treatment for patellar instability due to trochlear dysplasia. However, arthrofibrosis is a known complication following trochleoplasty, which may require manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) with or without lysis of adhesions (LOA) to increase the knee range of motion (ROM), especially flexion. PURPOSE: To prospectively follow patients for ROM improvements and subsequent complications after undergoing MUA with or without LOA in the setting of sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty...

BACKGROUND: Unlike the literature on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, studies on medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction lack evidence-based guidelines regarding postoperative rehabilitation. An effective postoperative protocol may contribute greatly to a successful outcome following MPFL reconstruction, yet the quality and variability of these published protocols remain unknown. PURPOSE: To assess the quality and variability of MPFL rehabilitation protocols publicly available on the internet and associated with US academic orthopaedic programs...

BACKGROUND: A lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is the most common traumatic knee injury with hemarthrosis in children. The redislocation rate is high. Varying operative and nonoperative treatments have been advocated with no consensus on the best treatment. PURPOSE: (1) To evaluate if arthroscopic-assisted repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in patients with an acute first-time traumatic LPD would reduce the recurrence rate and offer better objective/subjective knee function compared with a knee brace without repair...

Introduction Patellar dislocation is one of the commonest knee injuries in adolescents. Although treatment usually leads to good results, the influence of anatomical and functional factors on therapeutic strategy has been underestimated, especially in cases of recurrence. Patients and Methods The course of treatment has been analysed in 88 patients with 136 patellar dislocations. The importance of anatomical conditions was studied using X-ray and MRI findings. The treatment results were critically evaluated in comparison with current recommendations...

Patellofemoral instability is a painful and commonly recurring condition, which often must be managed surgically. Diagnosis can be aided by the use of a variety of physical exam signs, such as the Q angle, Beighton hypermobility score, glide test, J sign, patellar tilt test, and apprehension test. Imaging modalities including x-ray, CT, and MRI guide both diagnosis and management by revealing trochlear dysplasia, bony malalignment, and ligamentous injury that contribute to instability. Following an initial patellar dislocation, nonoperative management with bracing and physical therapy is an acceptable option, despite limited evidence that operative management may improve functional outcome and reduce recurrent dislocations...

BACKGROUND: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is one of several surgical procedures used to treat patellofemoral instability. Use of allograft tissue can preserve autogenous tissue and may be preferable in patients with connective tissue disorders or ligamentous laxity. Although there are successful reports in adults, it is unclear if the use of allograft tissue in MPFL reconstruction can restore patellofemoral stability in children and adolescents. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Does allograft tissue in MPFL reconstruction in pediatric and adolescent patients restore patellar stability? (2) What complications were associated with allograft MPFL reconstructions in children and adolescents? METHODS: Between June 2012 and August 2015, one surgeon (NKP) performed 26 MPFL reconstructions in 23 patients with gracilis allograft for traumatic patellar instability...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of patellar subluxation or dislocation has been documented up to 43/100,000 with females more prevalent then males. There are many contributing factors involving the hip, knee, and ankle that lead to patellar subluxation. A patellar position of lateral tilt with lateral glide may indicate weakness of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and adductors, increased tightness in the iliotibial band, and overpowering of the vastus lateralis. Patella alta can predispose an individual to lateral dislocation due to the patella placement outside of the femoral trochlear groove with a disadvantage of boney stability...

Acute patellar dislocations are a common injury occurring in adolescents involved in sports and dancing activities. This injury usually occurs when the knee is in full extension and sustains a valgus stress on the knee. The medial patellofemoral ligament is the medial restraint that assists in stabilizing the patella from lateral dislocations. The patella usually dislocates laterally and is usually not difficult to reduce after patient evaluation and prereduction radiographs. After postreduction radiographs confirm proper position of the patella postreduction and the absence of fractures, the patient is usually treated conservatively with initial immobilization, orthopedic referral, and physical therapy...

OBJECTIVE: Combined anatomical reconstruction of the MPFL and deepening trochleoplasty to improve the stability of the patellofemoral joint in patients with severe trochlear dysplasia. INDICATIONS: Confirmed patellofemoral instability with recurrent dislocations and high-grade trochlear dysplasia. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Open distal femoral physis, degenerative changes of the patellofemoral joint grade ICRS III-IV. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Diagnostic arthroscopy, exposure of the femoral trochlea through a lateral parapatellar arthrotomy and preparation of an osteochondral flake were carried out...

Patellofemoral instability is a common problem in the adolescent population. Patellar stability depends on a dynamic interplay between bony and soft tissue restraints. Several pathoanatomical factors increase the likelihood of patellar instability: patella alta, trochlear dysplasia, malalignment, and deficient proximal medial restraints. Treatment for first-time patella dislocations is typically nonoperative and includes bracing, early range of motion, and physical therapy. The only absolute indication for early surgery is a large osteochondral fragment that can be fixed...

BACKGROUND: Patellar dislocations are traumatic injuries that occur most often in individuals under the age of twenty and are related to sports and physical activity. Currently, there are no published reports describing the rehabilitation of younger males after arthroscopy and open reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) using a tibialis anterior allograft. CASE DESCRIPTION: The subject of this case report was a 23 year-old recreational male athlete who underwent right knee arthroscopic patellar chondroplasty, lateral retinacular release, partial lateral menisectomy, and an open MPFL reconstruction with a tibialis anterior allograft after sustaining a second patellar dislocation...

Patellar instability is a common complaint after traumatic dislocation of the patella. Traumatic dislocation always leads to tearing of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Treatment consists of recovery from the traumatic injury, followed by reconditioning and physical therapy to strengthen the dynamic stabilizers of the patella. In patients with recurrent instability, detailed evaluation of the cause is required to determine the needed interventions. In patients with an incompetent MPFL and recurrent instability, reconstruction is indicated, along with other procedures to address other contributing factors...

BACKGROUND: Recurrent lateral patellar dislocation is a common knee injury in the skeletally immature adolescent. Because of the open physis, operative therapy in children is challenging. This study presents the outcomes of a minimally invasive technique for anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in children that respects the distal femoral physis. HYPOTHESIS: Anatomic reconstruction of the MPFL in children that maintains the distal femoral physis will prevent redislocation, preserve the distal femoral physis, and improve knee function...