keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38349807/graded-alarm-call-behavior-in-wild-fox-squirrels-sciurus-niger
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valerie M Eddington, Hannah K Nichols, Adrienne Calistri-Yeh, Vanessa K Hilliard Young, Laura N Kloepper
Distress or alarm calls are vocalizations made when animals are in stressful situations or faced with a predator. Squirrels (Sciuridae) are known for being very vocal; however, most studies on alarm vocalizations are limited to ground squirrels. We investigated the acoustic behavior of the arboreal fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) under different conditions. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that fox squirrels modify acoustic alarm behavior in response to different perceived threat levels and that this response is affected by sex and individual experience...
February 1, 2024: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38343862/the-effect-of-sexual-behavior-on-hiv-1-seroconversion-is-mediated-by-the-gut-microbiome-and-proinflammatory-cytokines
#22
Shyamal Peddada, Huang Lin, Yue Chen, Grace Arbor, Meaghan Price, Alison Morris, Jing Sun, Frank Palella, Kara Chew, Todd Brown, Charles Rinaldo
The association between HIV-1 seroconversion and gut dysbiosis is well documented, and its association with sexual activity is also widely recognized. However, it is not known whether the gut dysbiosis mediates the effects of high-risk sexual behavior on HIV-1 seroconversion. In this report we focused on men who engaged in high-risk sexual behavior where they had receptive anal intercourse with multiple men. We demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines, sCD14 and sCD163, and gut microbiota mediate the effects of this high-risk sexual behavior on subsequent HIV seroconversion...
January 24, 2024: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38335050/neuroanatomical-electrophysiological-and-morphological-characterization-of-melanin-concentrating-hormone-cells-coexpressing-cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated-transcript
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Persephone A Miller, Jesukhogie G Williams-Ikhenoba, Aditi S Sankhe, Brendan H Hoffe, Melissa J Chee
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) cells in the hypothalamus regulate fundamental physiological functions like energy balance, sleep, and reproduction. This diversity may be ascribed to the neurochemical heterogeneity among MCH cells. One prominent subpopulation of MCH cells coexpresses cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and as MCH and CART can have opposing actions, MCH/CART+ and MCH/CART- cells may differentially modulate behavioral outcomes. However, it is not known if there are differences in the cellular properties underlying their functional differences; thus, we compared the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and morphological properties of MCH cells in male and female Mch-cre;L10-Egfp reporter mice...
February 2024: Journal of Comparative Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38331315/sleep-loss-disrupts-decision-making-ability-and-neuronal-cytomorphology-in-zebrafish-and-the-effects-are-mediated-by-noradrenaline-acting-on-%C3%AE-1-adrenoceptor
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kumar Abhishek, Birendra Nath Mallick
Sleep is an instinct behavior, and its significance and functions are still an enigma. It is expressed throughout one's life and its loss affects psycho-somatic and physiological processes. We had proposed that it might maintain a fundamental property of the neurons and the brain. In that context, it was shown that sleep, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) in particular, by regulating noradrenaline (NA), maintains the brain excitability. It was also reported that sleep-loss affected memory, reaction time and decision-making ability among others...
February 6, 2024: Neuropharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38322873/heterozygous-nexmif-female-mice-demonstrate-mosaic-nexmif-expression-autism-like-behaviors-and-abnormalities-in-dendritic-arborization-and-synaptogenesis
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaret O'Connor, Hui Qiao, KathrynAnn Odamah, Pedro Casariego Cerdeira, Heng-Ye Man
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. ASDs are commonly characterized by impairments in language, restrictive and repetitive behaviors, and deficits in social interactions. Although ASD is a highly heterogeneous disease with many different genes implicated in its etiology, many ASD-associated genes converge on common cellular defects, such as aberrant neuronal morphology and synapse dysregulation. Our previous work revealed that, in mice, complete loss of the ASD-associated X-linked gene NEXMIF results in a reduction in dendritic complexity, a decrease in spine and synapse density, altered synaptic transmission, and ASD-like behaviors...
February 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38312674/yin-yang-1-expression-predicts-a-favourable-survival-in-diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tian Xue, Jia-Xin Lin, Ya-Qi He, Ji-Wei Li, Ze-Bing Liu, Yi-Jun Jia, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Xiao-Qiu Li, Bao-Hua Yu
AIMS: Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional transcription factor that plays an important role in tumour development and progression, while its clinical significance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical implications of YY1 in DLBCL. METHODS: YY1 expression in 198 cases of DLBCL was determined using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between YY1 expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients was analyzed...
January 30, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38290516/single-neuron-projectomes-of-mouse-paraventricular-hypothalamic-nucleus-oxytocin-neurons-reveal-mutually-exclusive-projection-patterns
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Humingzhu Li, Tao Jiang, Sile An, Mingrui Xu, Lingfeng Gou, Biyu Ren, Xiaoxue Shi, Xiaofei Wang, Jun Yan, Jing Yuan, Xiaohong Xu, Qing-Feng Wu, Qingming Luo, Hui Gong, Wen-Jie Bian, Anan Li, Xiang Yu
Oxytocin (OXT) plays important roles in autonomic control and behavioral modulation. However, it is unknown how the projection patterns of OXT neurons align with underlying physiological functions. Here, we present the reconstructed single-neuron, whole-brain projectomes of 264 OXT neurons of the mouse paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) at submicron resolution. These neurons hierarchically clustered into two groups, with distinct morphological and transcriptional characteristics and mutually exclusive projection patterns...
January 23, 2024: Neuron
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38265534/modern-pollen-dispersal-in-relation-to-present-vegetation-distribution-and-land-use-in-the-baspa-valley-kinnaur-western-himalayas
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nidhi Tomar, Ipsita Roy, Shreya Shri, Bency David Chinthala, Mayank Shekhar, Amber Srivastava, Parminder Singh Ranhotra, Chandra Prakash Singh, Amalava Bhattacharyya
Interpretation of a fossil pollen data for the vegetation and climate reconstruction of any region needs a modern pollen-vegetation analogue for its calibration. We analyzed the surface sediments and moss polsters for the pollen and microcharcoal records to understand the modern pollen-vegetation relationship and human activities in the Baspa Valley, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh. Presently, valley is occupied by the arboreal and non-arboreal vegetation of temperate to subalpine habitats and land use activities...
January 24, 2024: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38250036/morphine-and-foot-shock-responsive-neuronal-ensembles-in-the-vta-possess-different-connectivity-and-biased-gpcr-signaling-pathway
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fan Wang, Chao-Bao Liu, Yi Wang, Xi-Xi Wang, Yuan-Yao Yang, Chang-You Jiang, Qiu-Min Le, Xing Liu, Lan Ma, Fei-Fei Wang
Background: Neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are sensitive to stress and their maladaptation have been implicated in the psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and addiction, etc . The cellular properties of the VTA neurons in response to different stressors related to different emotional processing remain to be investigated. Methods: By combining immediate early gene (IEG)-dependent labeling, rabies virus tracing, ensemble-specific transcriptomic analysis and fiber photometry recording in the VTA of male mice, the spatial distribution, brain-wide connectivity and cellular signaling pathways in the VTA neuronal ensembles in response to morphine (Mor-Ens) or foot shock (Shock-Ens) stimuli were investigated...
2024: Theranostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38227536/unilateral-rnurr1-v5-transgene-expression-in-nigral-dopaminergic-neurons-mitigates-bilateral-neuropathology-and-behavioral-deficits-in-parkinsonian-rats-with-%C3%AE-synucleinopathy
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bismark Gatica-Garcia, Michael J Bannon, Irma Alicia Martínez-Dávila, Luis O Soto-Rojas, David Reyes-Corona, Lourdes Escobedo, Minerva Maldonado-Berny, M E Gutierrez-Castillo, Armando J Espadas-Alvarez, Manuel A Fernandez-Parrilla, Juan U Mascotte-Cruz, C P Rodríguez-Oviedo, Irais E Valenzuela-Arzeta, Claudia Luna-Herrera, Francisco E Lopez-Salas, Jaime Santoyo-Salazar, Daniel Martinez-Fong
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00039/figure1/v/2024-01-16T170235Z/r/image-tiff Parkinsonism by unilateral, intranigral β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that the α-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time, thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson's disease, a typical α-synucleinopathy. As Nurr1 represses α-synuclein, we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateral β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 post-transfection...
September 1, 2024: Neural Regeneration Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38204156/morphology-and-spectral-sensitivity-of-long-visual-fibers-and-lamina-monopolar-cells-in-the-butterfly-papilio-xuthus
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daiki Wakita, Hiromichi Shibasaki, Michiyo Kinoshita, Kentaro Arikawa
Extensive analysis of the flower-visiting behavior of a butterfly, Papilio xuthus, has indicated complex interaction between chromatic, achromatic, and motion cues. Their eyes are spectrally rich with six classes of photoreceptors, respectively sensitive in the ultraviolet, violet, blue, green, red, and broad-band wavelength regions. Here, we studied the anatomy and physiology of photoreceptors and second-order neurons of P. xuthus, focusing on their spectral sensitivities and projection terminals to address where the early visual integration takes place...
January 10, 2024: Journal of Comparative Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38193537/trim46-knockout-impaired-neuronal-architecture-and-caused-hypoactive-behavior-in-rats
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feifei Guan, Shan Gao, Hanxuan Sheng, Yuanwu Ma, Wei Chen, Xiaolong Qi, Xu Zhang, Xiang Gao, Shuo Pang, Lianfeng Zhang, Li Zhang
BACKGROUND: Tripartite motif (TRIM46) is a relatively novel protein that belongs to tripartite motif family. TRIM46 organizes parallel microtubule arrays on the axons, which are important for neuronal polarity and axonal function. TRIM46 is highly expressed in the brain, but its biological function in adults has not yet been determined. RESULTS: Trim46 knockout (KO) rat line was established using CRISPR/cas9. Trim46 KO rats had smaller hippocampus sizes, fewer neuronal dendritic arbors and dendritic spines, and shorter and more distant axon initial segment...
January 9, 2024: Developmental Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38180148/vertical-climbing-in-free-ranging-bonobos-an-exploratory-study-integrating-locomotor-performance-and-substrate-compliance
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
François Druelle, Innocent Leti, Jean-Christophe Bokika Ngawolo, Victor Narat
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors and body size shape animal movement and adaptation. Large primates such as bonobos excel in navigating the demanding substrates of arboreal habitats. However, current approaches lack comprehensive assessment of climbing performance in free-ranging individuals, limiting our understanding of locomotor adaptations. This study aims to explore climbing performance in free-ranging bonobos and how substrate properties affect their behavior. METHODS: We collected data on the climbing performance of habituated bonobos, Pan paniscus, in the Bolobo Territory, Democratic Republic of Congo...
January 5, 2024: American journal of biological anthropology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38123360/the-mef2c-gene-dose-dependently-controls-hippocampal-neurogenesis-and-the-expression-of-autism-like-behaviors
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sreetama Basu, Eun Jeoung Ro, Zhi Liu, Hyunjung Kim, Aubrey Bennett, Seungwoo Kang, Hoonkyo Suh
Mutations in the activity-dependent transcription factor MEF2C have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Among these, autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related behavioral deficits are manifested. Multiple animal models that harbor mutations in Mef2c have provided compelling evidence that Mef2c is indeed an ASD gene. However, studies in mice with germline or global brain knockout of Mef2c are limited in their ability to identify the precise neural substrates and cell types that are required for the expression of Mef2c -mediated ASD behaviors...
December 20, 2023: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38059450/trees-in-trees-a-report-from-remote-australia
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jane Pye
Anemochory or Ornithochory does not adequately explain the amount, size or distribution of woody epiphytes here in outback NSW Australia. In a semi-arid ecosystem, epiphytes should be short-lived and randomly dispersed not clustered around old Aboriginal campsites or along their ancient paths aka songlines. These enduring trees in trees we call TinTs, have been here much longer than European Australians. We are hoping to attract archaeobotanical or ethnobotanical research to help us recover the knowledge of the ancestors or at least assist us in protecting these arboreal oddities from future resource extraction activities...
December 31, 2023: Plant Signaling & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38052764/effect-of-repetition-of-vertical-and-horizontal-routes-on-navigation-performance-in-australian-bull-ants
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vito A G Lionetti, Ken Cheng, Trevor Murray
Solitarily foraging ant species differ in their reliance on their two primary navigational systems- path integration and visual learning. Despite many species of Australian bull ants spending most of their foraging time on their foraging tree, little is known about the use of these systems while climbing. "Rewinding" displacements are commonly used to understand navigational system usage, and work by introducing a mismatch between these navigational systems, by displacing foragers after they have run-down their path integration vector...
December 5, 2023: Learning & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38051778/palmitoylated-sept8-204-modulates-learning-and-anxiety-by-regulating-filopodia-arborization-and-actin-dynamics
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huicong Liu, Peipei Yan, Can Wu, Muding Rao, Jiangli Zhu, Luxian Lv, Wenqiang Li, Yinming Liang, Shiqian Qi, Kefeng Lu, Eryan Kong
Septin proteins are involved in diverse physiological functions, including the formation of specialized cytoskeletal structures. Septin 8 (Sept8) is implicated in spine morphogenesis and dendritic branching through palmitoylation. We explored the role and regulation of a Sept8 variant in human neural-like cells and in the mouse brain. We identified Sept8-204 as a brain-specific variant of Sept8 that was abundant in neurons and modified by palmitoylation, specifically at Cys469 , Cys470 , and Cys472 . Sept8-204 palmitoylation was mediated by the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC7 and was removed by the depalmitoylase PPT1...
December 5, 2023: Science Signaling
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38036598/bacterial-diversity-in-arboreal-ant-nesting-spaces-is-linked-to-colony-developmental-stage
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maximilian Nepel, Veronika E Mayer, Veronica Barrajon-Santos, Dagmar Woebken
The omnipresence of ants is commonly attributed to their eusocial organization and division of labor, however, bacteria in their nests may facilitate their success. Like many other arboreal ants living in plant-provided cavities, Azteca ants form dark-colored "patches" in their nesting space inside Cecropia host plants. These patches are inhabited by bacteria, fungi and nematodes and appear to be essential for ant colony development. Yet, detailed knowledge of the microbial community composition and its consistency throughout the life cycle of ant colonies was lacking...
November 30, 2023: Communications Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38035884/petal-shaped-femoral-lobes-facilitate-gliding-in-orchid-mantises
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin Zhao, Jing-Xin Liu, Tristan Charles-Dominique, Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz, Bing Dong, Lin Yan, James C O'Hanlon, Yu Zeng, Zhanqi Chen
To glide in forest canopies, arboreal vertebrates evolved various skin-derived aerodynamic structures, such as patagial membranes or webbing, but no comparable structure has been reported from wingless arboreal arthropods.1 , 2 , 3 Orchid mantises (Hymenopus coronatus) have been traditionally considered a textbook example of flower mimicry for ∼200 years due to their highly expanded, petal-shaped femoral lobes. However, the empirical evidence substantiating the petal-mimicry function of the femoral lobes has not been entirely conclusive...
November 20, 2023: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38027571/evaluation-of-next-generation-sequencing-approaches-for-sars-cov-2
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valentina Curini, Massimo Ancora, Lucija Jurisic, Valeria Di Lollo, Barbara Secondini, Luana Fiorella Mincarelli, Marialuigia Caporale, Ilaria Puglia, Luigina Di Gialleonardo, Iolanda Mangone, Marco Di Domenico, Adriano Di Pasquale, Alessio Lorusso, Maurilia Marcacci, Cesare Cammà
Within public health control strategies for SARS-CoV-2, whole genome sequencing (WGS) is essential for tracking viral spread and monitoring the emergence of variants which may impair the effectiveness of vaccines, diagnostic methods, and therapeutics. In this manuscript different strategies for SARS-CoV-2 WGS including metagenomic shotgun (SG), library enrichment by myBaits® Expert Virus-SARS-CoV-2 (Arbor Biosciences), nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol, ampliseq approach by Swift Amplicon® SARS-CoV-2 Panel kit (Swift Biosciences), and Illumina COVIDSeq Test (Illumina Inc...
November 2023: Heliyon
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