trichomonas

BACKGROUND: Urogenital schistosomiasis (UgS) remains a persistent health challenge among adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria, despite ongoing control efforts. Mass praziquantel treatment programs, initiated in 2013, primarily target primary school-aged children (5-14 years old), leaving adolescents (10-19 years old) enrolled in secondary schools vulnerable to urogenital schistosomiaisis. Additionally, the extent of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a neglected gynaecological manifestation of UgS remains unclear...

BACKGROUND: Concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in sexually active populations. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and coinfection rates of bacterial STIs among sexually active, HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), and to assess the potential benefits of different combination treatment regimens in managing concurrent bacterial STIs. METHODS: From September 2021 to September 2023, HIV-positive MSM underwent STI testing when they had symptoms suggestive of STIs or recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or early syphilis...

BACKGROUND: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STI) worldwide. Vaccination is generally considered to be one of the most effective methods of preventing infectious diseases. Using AP65, AP33 and α-actinin proteins, this research aims to develop a protein vaccine against Trichomonas vaginalis. METHODS: Based on the B-cell and T-cell epitope prediction servers, the most antigenic epitopes were selected, and with the necessary evaluations, epitope-rich domains of three proteins, AP65, AP33, and α-actinin, were selected and linked...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus, which infects approximately 80% of all men and women at some time in their lives. Usually, the infection is resolved successfully by the body's immune system. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) is necessary but not sufficient for cervical cancer development, and additional factors, such as the vaginal microbiome (vaginome), are thought to be involved. The aim of this study is to investigate whether either vaginal dysbiosis (imbalance in vaginal bacterial composition) or sexually transmitted pathogens, e...

More than one million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur every day, and Trichomonas vaginalis is responsible for more than 156 million cases each year worldwide. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies of this parasite in Europe are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had in the diagnosis and epidemiology of trichomoniasis. All available data from January 2018 to December 2021 for T. vaginalis isolation on gynecologic patients attending a Spanish Tertiary Hospital were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: In South Africa, extragenital etiological sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening among men who have sex with men (MSM) is not routinely available. We aimed to determine the prevalence of STI pathogens at rectal and pharyngeal sites, syphilis seroprevalence, and associated risk factors among a selection of high-risk MSM without symptomatic urethritis attending a men's health clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022...

BACKGROUND: Trichomonas gallinae is a parasite that causes canker and severe loss and death, especially in young pigeons. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the recommended drug for treating avian trichomoniasis. Due to drug resistance, non-chemical alternatives, such as medicinal plant extracts, are also considered possible therapies for this disease. OBJECTIVES: This study compares the antitrichomonal effects of MTZ with extracts of Camellia sinensis and Ziziphus vulgaris on T...

PURPOSE: We sought to elicit perspectives on HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention among adolescents with recent STIs in primary care to optimize acceptability and effectiveness in designing a novel HIV/STI prevention intervention. METHODS: We enrolled 13-19 year-olds with recent gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas, and/or syphilis in a multimethods cross-sectional study at two primary care clinics. Participants completed surveys and interviews. We used an integrated analytic approach deductively coding data using the Integrated Behavioral Model, then inductively coding to identify themes not represented in the Integrated Behavioral Model...

Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) is a protozoal pathogen that infects cats and constitutes a significant cause of chronic colitis and diarrhea. Perturbations in the gut microbiota (GM) are affected by Trichomonas infection. Furthermore, dysregulation of the host GM enhances Trichomonas pathogenicity. However, it remains unclear whether the occurrence of diarrhea is associated with a dysregulation in GM following T. foetus infection in cats. Hence, the primary objective of this investigation was to explore the correlation between T...

Trichomonas tenax is an oral protozoan with an estimated global pooled prevalence of 17% in the human population.1 Observational studies have demonstrated a significant statistical correlation between oral colonization by T. tenax and the progression of periodontal disease.2 Proposed pathogenic mechanisms for this protozoan include the production of tissue-damaging enzymes, induction of apoptosis in human cells, and dysbiosis of the oral microbiome.3 In patients for whom metronidazole (MTZ) is contraindicated, phytochemicals may offer a viable alternative for controlling T...

Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide, with an estimated 260 million new cases annually. T. vaginalis contains organelles common to all eukaryotic cells, uncommon cell structures such as hydrogenosomes, and a complex and elaborate cytoskeleton constituting the mastigont system. The mastigont system is mainly formed by several proteinaceous structures associated with basal bodies, the pelta-axostylar complex made of microtubules, and striated filaments named the costa and the parabasal filaments (PFs)...

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis have been associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, but there is conflicting evidence on the benefits of antenatal screening and treatment for these conditions. We aimed to determine the effect of antenatal point-of-care testing and immediate treatment of C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth, low birthweight, and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes compared with current standard of care, which included symptom-based treatment without laboratory confirmation...

Trichomonas gallinae, a protozoan parasite causing avian trichomonosis, exhibits a widespread global prevalence. It primarily affects the upper digestive tract of birds and has resulted in significant ecological problems worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotypes of T. gallinae in Anhui Province, China. A total of 1612 oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from pigeon farms in Anhui Province to determine the prevalence of T. gallinae infection. The results revealed 565 (35.1%) positive samples of T...

Trichomonas gallinae (T. gallinae) is a globally distributed protozoan parasite and could cause serious damage to the pigeon industry. MiRNAs have important roles in regulating parasite infection, but its impacts on T. gallinae resistance have rarely been reported. In the present study, we identified a new miRNA (novel-miR-741) and its predicted target OTU deubiquitinase 1 (OTUD1) that might be associated with immunity to T. gallinae in pigeon. Novel-miR-741 and OTUD1 over-expression vectors and interference vectors were constructed...

Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoa that parasitizes the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of various animals and birds, including Columbidae, Passeriformes, and Falconiformes. Polymerase chain reaction-based T. gallinae ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 gene typing yields inconsistent results owing to methodological differences. To standardize the statistical analysis of T. gallinae genotype distributions, this study employed MEGA-X software with the Tamamura 3-parameter (T92) + G model in the neighbor-joining method, with 2,000 bootstrap replicates, to calculate a systematic evolutionary tree...

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are routinely tested and reported; however, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is the most common STI in the US and the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infections is likely higher than estimated. We examined the clinical performance of the Alinity m STI assay for detection and surveillance of CT/NG/TV/MG in urine specimens from patients at a large academic medical center. METHODS: Urine specimen from 198 patients were tested in this evaluation...

With growing concerns about Group B streptococcal (GBS) infections and their adverse effects on perinatal pregnancies, including infection, premature delivery, neonatal septicemia, and meningitis, it is urgent to promote GBS screening at all pregnancy stages. The purpose of this study is to establish a device-independent, fast, sensitive, and visual GBS detection method. Taking advantage of the characteristics of the recombinase polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA), the activity of the nfo nuclease cleavage base analog (tetrahydrofuran, THF) site, and the advantages of visual reading of the lateral flow chromatography strip (LFS), a GBS detection method was developed...

Trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, has gained increased significance globally. Its relevance has grown in recent years due to its association with a heightened risk of acquiring and transmitting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other STIs. In addition, many publications have revealed a potential link between trichomoniasis and certain cancers. Metronidazole (MTZ), a nitroimidazole compound developed over 50 years ago, remains the first-choice drug for treatment...

Despite tremendous advances in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, only few antiparasitic drugs have been developed to date. Protozoan infections such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis continue to exact an enormous toll on public health worldwide, underscoring the need to discover novel antiprotozoan drugs. Recently, there has been an explosion of research into the antiprotozoan properties of quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet. In this review, we tried to consolidate the current knowledge on the antiprotozoal effects of quercetin and to provide the most fruitful avenues for future research...

Trichomonas vaginalis is a medically important protozoan parasite, and a deep-branching, evolutionarily divergent unicellular eukaryote that has conserved several key features of eukaryotic gene expression. Trichomonas vaginalis possesses a metazoan/plant-like capping apparatus, mRNAs with a cap 1 structure and spliceosomes containing the five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). However, in contrast to metazoan and plant snRNAs, the structurally conserved T. vaginalis snRNAs were initially identified as lacking the canonical guanosine cap nucleotide...