keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37217654/phosphatidylserine-dependent-structure-of-synaptogyrin-remodels-the-synaptic-vesicle-membrane
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taekyung Yu, David Flores-Solis, Gunnar N Eastep, Stefan Becker, Markus Zweckstetter
Synaptic vesicles are small membrane-enclosed organelles that store neurotransmitters at presynaptic terminals. The uniform morphology of synaptic vesicles is important for brain function, because it enables the storage of well-defined amounts of neurotransmitters and thus reliable synaptic transmission. Here, we show that the synaptic vesicle membrane protein synaptogyrin cooperates with the lipid phosphatidylserine to remodel the synaptic vesicle membrane. Using NMR spectroscopy, we determine the high-resolution structure of synaptogyrin and identify specific binding sites for phosphatidylserine...
May 22, 2023: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37217141/phospholipid-metabolism-in-the-liver-implications-for-phosphatidylserine-in-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease
#22
REVIEW
Marziyeh Anari, Magdalene K Montgomery
Mammalian cells contain more than a thousand different glycerophospholipid species that are essential membrane components and signalling molecules, with phosphatidylserine (PS) giving membranes their negative surface charge. Depending on the tissue, PS is important in apoptosis, blood clotting, cancer pathogenesis, as well as muscle and brain function, processes that are dependent on the asymmetrical distribution of PS on the plasma membrane and/or the capacity of PS to act as anchorage for various signalling proteins...
May 20, 2023: Biochemical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37211968/phospholipid-scramblase-xkr8-is-required-for-developmental-axon-pruning-via-phosphatidylserine-exposure
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Urte Neniskyte, Ugne Kuliesiute, Auguste Vadisiute, Kristina Jevdokimenko, Ludovico Coletta, Senthilkumar Deivasigamani, Daina Pamedytyte, Neringa Daugelaviciene, Daiva Dabkeviciene, Emerald Perlas, Aditya Bali, Bernadette Basilico, Alessandro Gozzi, Davide Ragozzino, Cornelius T Gross
The mature mammalian brain connectome emerges during development via the extension and pruning of neuronal connections. Glial cells have been identified as key players in the phagocytic elimination of neuronal synapses and projections. Recently, phosphatidylserine has been identified as neuronal "eat-me" signal that guides elimination of unnecessary input sources, but the associated transduction systems involved in such pruning are yet to be described. Here, we identified Xk-related protein 8 (Xkr8), a phospholipid scramblase, as a key factor for the pruning of axons in the developing mammalian brain...
May 22, 2023: EMBO Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37103631/damage-to-endothelial-barriers-and-its-contribution-to-long-covid
#24
REVIEW
Xiaoming Wu, Mengqi Xiang, Haijiao Jing, Chengyue Wang, Valerie A Novakovic, Jialan Shi
The world continues to contend with COVID-19, fueled by the emergence of viral variants. At the same time, a subset of convalescent individuals continues to experience persistent and prolonged sequelae, known as long COVID. Clinical, autopsy, animal and in vitro studies all reveal endothelial injury in acute COVID-19 and convalescent patients. Endothelial dysfunction is now recognized as a central factor in COVID-19 progression and long COVID development. Different organs contain different types of endothelia, each with specific features, forming different endothelial barriers and executing different physiological functions...
April 27, 2023: Angiogenesis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37046844/biosynthesis-and-significance-of-fatty-acids-glycerophospholipids-and-triacylglycerol-in-the-processes-of-glioblastoma-tumorigenesis
#25
REVIEW
Jan Korbecki, Mateusz Bosiacki, Izabela Gutowska, Dariusz Chlubek, Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
One area of glioblastoma research is the metabolism of tumor cells and detecting differences between tumor and healthy brain tissue metabolism. Here, we review differences in fatty acid metabolism, with a particular focus on the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by fatty acid synthase (FASN), elongases, and desaturases. We also describe the significance of individual fatty acids in glioblastoma tumorigenesis, as well as the importance of glycerophospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis in this process...
April 6, 2023: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36982541/microarrays-enzymatic-assays-and-maldi-ms-for-determining-specific-alterations-to-mitochondrial-electron-transport-chain-activity-ros-formation-and-lipid-composition-in-a-monkey-model-of-parkinson-s-disease
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María Dolores García-Fernández, Ane Larrea, Roberto Fernández, Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas, Egoitz Astigarraga, Iván Manuel, Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
Multiple evidences suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease via the selective cell death of dopaminergic neurons, such as that which occurs after prolonged exposure to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I inhibitor, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrine (MPTP). However, the effects of chronic MPTP on the ETC complexes and on enzymes of lipid metabolism have not yet been thoroughly determined. To face these questions, the enzymatic activities of ETC complexes and the lipidomic profile of MPTP-treated non-human primate samples were determined using cell membrane microarrays from different brain areas and tissues...
March 13, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36929344/a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-study-investigating-the-efficacy-of-a-whole-coffee-cherry-extract-and-phosphatidylserine-formulation-on-cognitive-performance-of-healthy-adults-with-self-perceived-memory-problems
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katarina M Doma, Erin D Lewis, Jane M Barracato, Lauren R Brink, Alejandra A Gratson, Neeraj Pandey, David C Crowley, Malkanthi Evans
INTRODUCTION: Cognition refers to brain functions including memory, learning, and thought processing and is increasingly important to individuals. However, impairment of cognitive function is a concern among North American adults. Therefore, effective and reliable treatments are needed. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 42 days of Neuriva® supplementation, a whole coffee cherry extract and phosphatidylserine supplement, on memory, accuracy, focus and concentration and learning among 138 healthy adults (40-65 years) with self-reported memory problems...
March 16, 2023: Neurology and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36842350/extra-criteria-antiphospholipid-antibodies-in-patients-with-small-vessel-brain-lesions-and-clinical-manifestations-associated-with-antiphospholipid-syndrome
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miguel Ángel Estévez, Nallibe Lanio, Águeda Molina, Maria Reyes Jiménez-León, María José Picado, Eva Esteban, Sonia Sánchez, Lucio Pallarés, Maria Rosa Julià
OBJECTIVES: Neurological manifestations compatible with small vessel brain lesions (SVBL), such as migraine, cognitive impairment, seizures, and transverse myelitis, may be related to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and patients could need APS therapies even though they do not fit into thrombosis or obstetric morbidity. Furthermore, extra-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) provide an increase in sensitivity in patients with clinical manifestations related to APS but negative for IgG/IgM anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI), and lupus anticoagulant, which are the antibodies included in the classification criteria for APS...
May 2023: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases: the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36837796/investigation-of-phospholipid-differences-in-valproic-acid-induced-autistic-mouse-model-brain-using-mass-spectrometry-imaging
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyun Jun Jang, Kyoung Ja Kwon, Chan Young Shin, Ga Seul Lee, Jeong Hee Moon, Tae Geol Lee, Sohee Yoon
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder for which the cause and treatment have yet not been determined. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels change rapidly in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of autistic children and PUFAs are closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This finding suggests that changes in lipid metabolism are associated with ASD and result in an altered distribution of phospholipids in cell membranes. To further understand ASD, it is necessary to analyze phospholipids in organs consisting of nerve cells, such as the brain...
January 25, 2023: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36810466/unexplored-roles-of-erythrocytes-in-atherothrombotic-stroke
#30
REVIEW
Charalampos Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Anagnostopoulos, Dimitrios Tsiptsios, Stella Karatzetzou, Eirini Liaptsi, Irene Zacharo Lazaridou, Christos Kokkotis, Evangelia Makri, Maria Ioannidou, Nikolaos Aggelousis, Konstantinos Vadikolias
Stroke constitutes the second highest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide while also impacting the world economy, triggering substantial financial burden in national health systems. High levels of blood glucose, homocysteine, and cholesterol are causative factors for atherothrombosis. These molecules induce erythrocyte dysfunction, which can culminate in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, thrombus stabilization, and post-stroke hypoxia. Glucose, toxic lipids, and homocysteine result in erythrocyte oxidative stress...
January 23, 2023: Neurology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36802340/neutrophil-extracellular-traps-contribute-to-coagulopathy-after-traumatic-brain-injury
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiaqi Jin, Fang Wang, Jiawei Tian, Xinyi Zhao, Jiawei Dong, Nan Wang, Zhihui Liu, Hontao Zhao, Wenqiang Li, Ge Mang, Shaoshan Hu
Coagulopathy contributes to the majority of deaths and disabilities associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to an abnormal coagulation state in the acute process of TBI remains unknown. Our objectives were to demonstrate the definitive role of NETs in coagulopathy in TBI. We detected NET markers in 128 TBI patients and 34 healthy subjects. Neutrophil-platelet (PLT) aggregates were detected in blood samples from TBI patients and healthy subjects using flow cytometry and staining with CD41 and CD66b...
February 21, 2023: JCI Insight
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36698737/the-effects-of-phytosomal-curcumin-supplementation-on-clinical-symptoms-and-inflammatory-and-oxidative-stress-biomarkers-in-patients-with-migraine-a-protocol-for-a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mehrnaz Shojaei, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Fariborz Khorvash, Soheil Fallahpour, Gholamreza Askari, Mohammad Bagherniya
OBJECTIVE: Migraine is one of the most common diseases. Curcumin with anti-oxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory properties might have beneficial effects in migraine patients. This study will be conducted to evaluate the effects of a phytosomal preparation of curcumin on clinical signs, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters in patients with migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in which, 60 patients with migraine will be assigned to receive a daily dose of 250 mg of phytosomal curcumin for 8 weeks (intervention group) or 250 mg maltodextrin as a placebo for the same duration (control group)...
2023: Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36684076/neuroprotective-activity-of-a-virus-safe-nanofiltered-human-platelet-lysate-depleted-of-extracellular-vesicles-in-parkinson-s-disease-and-traumatic-brain-injury-models
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liling Delila, Ouada Nebie, Nhi Thao Ngoc Le, Lassina Barro, Ming-Li Chou, Yu-Wen Wu, Naoto Watanabe, Masayasu Takahara, Luc Buée, David Blum, David Devos, Thierry Burnouf
Brain administration of human platelet lysates (HPL) is a potential emerging biotherapy of neurodegenerative and traumatic diseases of the central nervous system. HPLs being prepared from pooled platelet concentrates, thereby increasing viral risks, manufacturing processes should incorporate robust virus-reduction treatments. We evaluated a 19 ± 2-nm virus removal nanofiltration process using hydrophilic regenerated cellulose hollow fibers on the properties of a neuroprotective heat-treated HPL (HPPL)...
January 2023: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36590576/an-open-label-multi-center-phase-1-safety-study-of-bxq-350-in-children-and-young-adults-with-relapsed-solid-tumors-including-recurrent-malignant-brain-tumors
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamed S Abdelbaki, Mariko Dawn DeWire Schottmiller, Timothy P Cripe, Richard C Curry, Charles A Cruze, Leah Her, Suzanne Demko, Denise Casey, Bhuvana Setty
BACKGROUND: BXQ-350 is a novel anti-neoplastic agent composed of saposin C (SapC) and phospholipid dioleoylphosphatidyl-serine sodium (DOPS) that selectively binds tumor cell phosphatidylserine (PS), inducing apoptosis. BXQ-350 has demonstrated preclinical antitumor effects in high-grade gliomas (HGG) and clinical activity in adult patients with recurrent HGG. METHODS: A phase 1 study was conducted in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors, including recurrent brain tumors...
December 2022: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36570536/modulations-of-bioactive-lipids-and-their-receptors-in-postmortem-alzheimer-s-disease-brains
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Makoto Kurano, Yuko Saito, Baasanjav Uranbileg, Daisuke Saigusa, Kuniyuki Kano, Junken Aoki, Yutaka Yatomi
BACKGROUND: Analyses of brain samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients may be expected to help us improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD. Bioactive lipids, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and eicosanoids/related mediators have been demonstrated to exert potent physiological actions and to be involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In this cross-sectional study, we attempted to elucidate the associations of these bioactive lipids with the pathogenesis/pathology of AD through postmortem studies of human brains...
2022: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36558392/a-magtein-%C3%A2-magnesium-l-threonate-based-formula-improves-brain-cognitive-functions-in-healthy-chinese-adults
#36
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Chengxiang Zhang, Qi Hu, Shifen Li, Feifei Dai, Wen Qian, Susan Hewlings, Ting Yan, Yubang Wang
Magnesium is one of the most abundant essential minerals in the body. Magnesium supplements mostly have low bioavailability, except magnesium L-threonate. In 2010, a novel magnesium compound, magnesium L-threonate (Magtein® ) was identified and was shown to raise the magnesium levels in the brain and neurons effectively. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Magtein® PS, a magnesium L-threonate (Magtein® )- and phosphatidylserine-based formulation additionally containing vitamins C and D, was tested for its cognitive benefits in 109 healthy Chinese adults aged 18-65 years...
December 8, 2022: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36465123/pdzd8-deficient-mice-accumulate-cholesteryl-esters-in-the-brain-as-a-result-of-impaired-lipophagy
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keiko Morita, Mariko Wada, Kohta Nakatani, Yuki Matsumoto, Nahoki Hayashi, Ikuko Yamahata, Kotone Mitsunari, Nagi Mukae, Masatomo Takahashi, Yoshihiro Izumi, Takeshi Bamba, Michiko Shirane
Dyslipidemia including the accumulation of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in the brain is associated with neurological disorders, although the underlying mechanism has been unclear. PDZD8, a Rab7 effector protein, transfers lipids between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Rab7-positive organelles and thereby promotes endolysosome maturation and contributes to the maintenance of neuronal integrity. Here we show that CEs accumulate in the brain of PDZD8-deficient mice as a result of impaired lipophagy. This CE accumulation was not affected by diet, implicating a defect in intracellular lipid metabolism...
December 22, 2022: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36411563/neuronutrients-and-central-nervous-system-a-systematic-review
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlos Alberto Nogueira-de-Almeida, Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho, Maria Eduarda Nogueira-de-Almeida, Caio Gonçalves Souza, Vitorio Luis Kemp, Williams Santos Ramos
INTRODUCTION: The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, with a high and constant demand for inputs. Adequate nutrition is essential for the complete functioning of the brain, not only due to the energy supply, mainly from carbohydrates, but also due to the adequate supply of other macronutrients and micronutrients for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and protein components. Vitamins, minerals, and other components of the diet also constitute the so-called "neuronutrients"...
November 21, 2022: Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36376990/increased-unsaturated-lipids-underlie-lipid-peroxidation-in-synucleinopathy-brain
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
YuHong Fu, Ying He, Katherine Phan, Surabhi Bhatia, Russell Pickford, Ping Wu, Nicolas Dzamko, Glenda M Halliday, Woojin Scott Kim
Lipid peroxidation is a process of oxidative degradation of cellular lipids that is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We were therefore interested in the manifestation of lipid peroxidation in synucleinopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the central pathology of α-synuclein aggregates, including Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease with Lewy bodies. We assessed lipid peroxidation products, lipid aldehydes, in the amygdala, a common disease-affected region in synucleinopathies, and in the visual cortex, a disease-unaffected region...
November 14, 2022: Acta Neuropathologica Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36370845/phosphatidylserine-exposure-modulates-adhesion-gpcr-bai1-adgrb1-signaling-activity
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Trisha Lala, Juleva K Doan, Hiroyuki Takatsu, H Criss Hartzell, Hye-Won Shin, Randy A Hall
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1; also called ADGRB1 or B1) is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (AGPCR) known from studies on macrophages to bind to phosphatidylserine (PS) on apoptotic cells via its N-terminal thrombospondin repeats (TSRs). A separate body of work has shown that B1 regulates postsynaptic function and dendritic spine morphology via signaling pathways involving Rac and Rho. However, it is unknown if PS binding by B1 has any effect on the receptor's signaling activity. To shed light on this subject, we studied G protein-dependent signaling by B1 in the absence and presence of coexpression with the PS flippase ATP11A in HEK293T cells...
November 9, 2022: Journal of Biological Chemistry
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