non traumatic brain injury

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked with an increased risk of schizophrenia and other non-mood psychotic disorders (psychotic disorders), but the prevalence and contributing factors of these psychiatric conditions post-TBI remain unclear. This study explores this link to identify key risk factors in TBI patients. METHODS: We used the 2017 National Inpatient Sample dataset. Patients with a history of TBI (n = 26 187) were identified and matched 1:1 by age and gender to controls without TBI (n = 26 187)...

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant public health challenge. Recovery from brain injury necessitates the collaborative efforts of various resident neural cells, predominantly microglia. The present study analyzed rat and mouse RNA expression micro‑arrays, high‑throughput RNA sequencing and single‑cell sequencing data sourced from public databases. To construct an inflammation regulation network around TYRO protein tyrosine kinase‑binding protein (TYROBP), to evaluate the role of TYROBP in cell death after TBI...

BACKGROUND: In traumatic brain injury patients (TBI) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), agitation can lead to accidental removal of catheters, devices as well as self-extubation and falls. Actigraphy could be a potential tool to continuously monitor agitation. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of monitoring agitation with actigraphs and to compare activity levels in agitated and non-agitated critically ill TBI patients. METHODS: Actigraphs were placed on patients' wrists; 24-hour monitoring was continued until ICU discharge or limitation of therapeutic efforts...

BACKGROUND: Self-awareness impairment is common following acquired brain injury and can impact rehabilitation outcomes. Knowledge of factors associated with impaired self-awareness may assist with rehabilitation planning. OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with self-awareness and determine predictors of self-awareness impairment for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of rehabilitation inpatients was conducted by medical record audit...

BACKGROUND: The increase in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) incidence is a worldwide phenomenon, resulting in a heavy disease burden in the public health systems, specifically in emerging countries. The shock index (SI) is a physiological parameter that indicates cardiovascular status and has been used as a tool to assess the presence and severity of shock, which is increased in sTBI. Considering the high mortality of sTBI, scrutinizing the predictive potential of SI and its variants is vital...

Post-traumatic brain injury cognitive disorder(PTBICD) is one of the common symptoms of TBI survivors, severely limiting their life and rehabilitation progress. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to modulate cognition in a non-invasive manner while there are inconsistencies in previous studies. A comprehensive systematic review of rTMS treatment in patients with PTBICD is warranted. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTMS + cognitive training(CT) in enhancing cognitive function among PTBICD patients...

INTRODUCTION: The extent of racial/ethnic disparities and whether they are attenuated in the Veteran population compared to the total US population is not well understood. We aimed to assess racial/ethnic mortality disparities from all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) and cancer among post-9/11 military Veterans with and without exposure to TBI, compared to the total US population. METHODS: This cohort study included 2,502,101 US military Veterans (18,932,083 person-years) who served after 09/11/2001 with 3 or more years of care in the Military Health System (MHS); or had 3 or more years of care in the MHS and 2 or more years of care in the Veterans Health Administration...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyze potentially prognostic factors which could have influence on postoperative seizure, neuropsychological and psychiatric outcome in a cohort of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS) after selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHE) via transsylvian approach. METHODS: Clinical variables of 171 patients with drug-resistant MTLE with HS (88 females) who underwent SAHE between 1994 and 2019 were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, to investigate which of the explanatory parameters can best predict the outcome...

In pediatric patients, an acute altered mental status refers to a sudden and significant change in a child's brain function and level of consciousness. It may manifest as confusion, disorientation, agitation, lethargy or even a loss of consciousness. This condition is a medical emergency, and requires immediate evaluation and attention. There are several causes of acute altered mental status in children, including infections of the central nervous system such as meningitis or encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, metabolic disorders, seizures and poisoning, among others...

BACKGROUND: Many post-9/11 U.S. combat Veterans experience difficulty readjusting to civilian life after military service, including relationship problems, reduced work productivity, substance misuse, and increased anger control problems. Mental health problems are frequently cited as causing these difficulties, driven by unparalleled rates of mild traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress, and other co-occurring emotional and physical conditions. Given the high prevalence of multimorbidity in this cohort, acceptable, non-stigmatizing, transdiagnostic interventions targeting reintegration are needed...

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for severe traumatic brain injury has seen restricted application due to the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted since 2000. In contrast with earlier RCTs, recent trials have implemented active normothermia management in control groups, ensuring comparable intensities of non-temperature-related therapeutic interventions, such as neurointensive care. This change in approach may be a contributing factor to the inability to establish the efficacy of TH. Currently, an active temperature management method using temperature control devices is termed "targeted temperature management (TTM)"...

BACKGROUND: The intra-abdominal injury and traumatic brain injury prediction rules derived by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) were designed to reduce inappropriate use of CT in children with abdominal and head trauma, respectively. We aimed to validate these prediction rules for children presenting to emergency departments with blunt abdominal or minor head trauma. METHODS: For this prospective validation study, we enrolled children and adolescents younger than 18 years presenting to six emergency departments in Sacramento (CA), Dallas (TX), Houston (TX), San Diego (CA), Los Angeles (CA), and Oakland (CA), USA between Dec 27, 2016, and Sept 1, 2021...

INTRODUCTION: The modified Brain Injury Guideline (mBIG) is a framework to stratify traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients based on clinical and radiographic factors in level 1 and 2 trauma centers. Approximately 75% of all US hospitals do not carry any trauma designation yet may also benefit from these guidelines. This is the first report of applying the mBIG protocol in a community hospital without any trauma designation. METHODS: All adult patients with a TBI in a single center during the years 2020-2022 were retrospectively classified into mBIG categories...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading contributor to emergency department (ED) mortalities in Ethiopia. Mild TBI patients comprise half of all TBI patients presenting for care in Ethiopia and have a high potential for recovery. As such, context-specific care-improving strategies may be highly impactful for this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the presentation and disposition of mTBI patients who received a computed tomography scan of the head (CTH) upon arrival at the largest teaching hospital in Ethiopia...

PURPOSE: Nowadays, it is largely accepted that albumin should not be used in hypoalbuminemia or for nutritional purpose. The most discussed indication of albumin at present is the resuscitation in shock states, especially distributive shocks such as septic shock. The main evidence-based indication is also liver disease. In this review, we provided updated evidence-based instruction for definite and potential indications of albumin administration in clinical practice, with appropriate dosing and duration...

OBJECTIVE: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is commonly utilized for identifying pathologic ICP in cases of traumatic brain injury; however, its utility in hydrocephalic children has not been elucidated. Although patients with typical (pressure-active) hydrocephalus present with clear signs and/or symptoms and the need for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion is often clear, others may have arrested or pressure-compensated hydrocephalus with pathologic ICP elevation masked by ambiguous signs or are completely asymptomatic...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health challenge; however, penetrating brain injury (PBI) remains under-represented in evidence-based knowledge and research efforts. This study utilized data from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) to investigate outcomes of PBI as compared with clinical-severity-matched non-penetrating or blunt TBI. A total of 1765 patients with PBI were 1:1 propensity score-matched for clinical severity with blunt TBI patients. The intent of PBI was self-inflicted in 34...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the full outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to predict traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. METHODS: Among 107 patients, FOUR and GCS grading systems analyzed emergency department patients within 24 hours. FOUR and GCS were assessed simultaneously. Patients were followed for 15 days/discharge/death to evaluate the results. Modified Rankin scores measured in-hospital mortality, morbidity, and stay...

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes. These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents. Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by several factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release, as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extrasynaptic receptors...

BACKGROUND: There lacks rapid standardized bedside testing to screen cognitive deficits following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment & Cognitive Testing-Quick Test (ImPACT-QT) is an abbreviated-iPad form of computerized cognitive testing. The aim of this study is to test ImPACT-QT utility in inpatient settings. We hypothesize ImPACT-QT is feasible in the acute trauma setting. METHOD: Trauma patients ages 12-70 were administered ImPACT-QT (09/2022-09/2023)...