PACNS

Central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV) is a group of disorders leading to inflammatory vasculopathy within the brain, spinal cord, and leptomeninges. CNSV is divided into primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) and secondary CNSV based on the underlying etiology. PACNS is a rare inflammatory disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology and heterogeneous and highly variable clinical features. The diagnosis depends on a combination of clinical and laboratory variables, multimodal imaging, and histopathological examination as well as exclusion of mimics...

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) refers to a rare form of vasculitis of unknown cause, with a challenging diagnostic work-up. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient who presented with transient episodes of headache and global aphasia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with moderate elevated protein and normal glucose. CSF and serum tests for infections and autoimmune/ paraneoplastic antibodies were negative, except CSF polymerase chain reaction testing that detected Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)...

Bacterial signal transduction systems are typically activated by the binding of signal molecules to receptor ligand binding domains (LBDs), such as the NIT LBD. We report here the identification of the NIT domain in more than 15,000 receptors that were present in 30 bacterial phyla, but also in 19 eukaryotic phyla, expanding its known phylogenetic distribution. The NIT domain formed part of seven receptor families that either control transcription, mediate chemotaxis or regulate second messenger levels. We have produced the NIT domains from chemoreceptors of the bacterial phytopathogens Pectobacterium atrosepticum (PacN) and Pseudomonas savastanoi (PscN) as individual purified proteins...

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare and fatal cerebral vasculitis mainly involving the arteriole of the pia mater, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. It has an insidious onset atypical symptoms. In this paper, we reported an unexpected death due to cerebral hemorrhage caused by PACNS. According to the typical clinical manifestations (headache, dizziness, weakness of the limbs, temporary blurred vision, etc.) and pathological examination (wide degeneration and fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessel walls with inflammatory cell infiltration), as well as hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for CD15 + and gram staining, we finally determined that the patient died due to cerebral vascular rupture and hemorrhage caused by PACNS...

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical value between locating radial nerve (RN) guided by Color Doppler ultrasonography and posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve (PACN) in the posterior humeral approach. METHODS: The five fresh adult cadavers (ten upper arms) were selected to compare the two methods of locating the RN in the posterior humeral approach (guided by ultrasound and PACN) by measuring the operation time, the length of incision, and the area of subcutaneous free...

UNLABELLED: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an uncommon and misunderstood disease, where little is known regarding its immunopathogenesis and appropriate treatment. Due to the constellation of nonspecific clinical features and imaging findings, PACNS is a diagnostic conundrum for clinicians and can be very difficult to treat. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer presented to the emergency department with expressive aphasia and severe headache...

Susac syndrome (SuS) is a rare neuroinflammatory disease that manifests with a triad of hearing loss, branch retinal artery occlusions, and encephalopathy. Patients with SuS are frequently misdiagnosed because the clinical trial is incompletely present at disease onset. In this report, we present a case of a 29-year-old man manifesting sleepiness, epilepsy, urinary dysfunction, and hemiparesis at the initial stage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple abnormal signals located in the lateral paraventricular, corpus callosal, and pons...

Hydroxyphenyl-pyranoanthocyanins (PACNs), derived from anthocyanins (ACNs) reacted with hydroxycinnamic acids, have higher practical application value because of better physicochemical stability than their precursors. However, the slow formation rate restricted their broader applications. In the present study, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) was chosen to react with four kinds of hydroxycinnamic acids in a model solution. Changes of color and the production of hydroxyphenyl-PACNs were monitored. The formation of derivatives was time-dependent, and the orange-yellow changing trend was correlated with the formation of PACNs and the consumption of C3G...

BACKGROUND: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare disease, for which no validated guidelines exist. We report the findings of a survey on the clinical practice of physicians who manage adults with PACNS. METHODS: An online survey was distributed through neurology, internal medicine, and rheumatology societies in Canada and Europe. Participants who were directly involved as treating physicians for at least two adult patients with PACNS were eligible for the survey...

To adequately utilize solar energy for water pollution remediation, tailoring graphite carbon nitride (CN) with sufficient active sites exposure, visible-light harvest and eminent charge separation/migration/recombination efficiency, has long been pursuing. Herein, a pyrazine doped distorted architecture CN with advancing n-π* electron transition was tailored via one-pot thermal-melting assemble following thermal-induce copolymerization of pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and urea. Various characterizations verify the successful construction of distorted porous thin wall CN...

BACKGROUND: Childhood (c) primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare condition that most often affects small vessels (SV), is nearly exclusively lymphocytic, and devoid of vessel necrosis. Diagnosis of cSV-PACNS is challenging. We noted possible histological overlap of cSV-PACNS with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein disease (MOGAD) on biopsy, prompting a 10-year retrospective review of our experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Database-search for brain biopsy cases, age <18 years, performed for an acquired neurological deficit with suspicion of vasculitis, with histological evidence of lymphocytic small-vessel inflammation...

Inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) vessels, also called CNS vasculitides, can cause substantial disability or even be fatal. Inflammation of the CNS vessels can be caused by primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS), inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy, or systemic inflammatory disorders. Clinical symptoms of these disorders are often non-specific, such as encephalopathy, cognitive and affective abnormalities, headache and focal neurological symptoms. Diagnostic workup includes a thorough neuropsychiatric examination, blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and its vessels...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of proanthocyanidins (PACNs) as an adjunctive periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. METHODS: Patients with periodontitis (stage III-IV) were included in this randomised clinical study. Patients with periodontitis received 2 different treatment modalities: minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy only (MINST group) or minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy and subgingival application of collagen hydrogels with PACNs (MINST + PACNs group)...

BACKGROUND: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a relapsing-remitting disease with a heterogeneous course. Case series have delineated the long-term disease course but not acute outcomes or their determinants. The national United States hospital burden of PACNS has not been quantified. METHODS: Analysis of the United States Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2018) to characterize the frequency of PACNS hospitalizations, demographic features, inpatient mortality, and discharge outcomes...

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) usually presents with symptoms of headache, cognitive impairment, or stroke with a mean age of onset at 50 years. Inflammation of the cerebral vessels can cause narrowing, occlusion, or thrombosis resulting in tissue ischemia and necrosis of the involved vessel territory. Findings can be seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of the brain and serological markers of inflammation are typically within normal limits. The nonspecificity of PACNS presents a challenge for accurate diagnosis and must be differentiated from secondary vasculitis and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS)...

The patient was a 17-year-old girl with transient right-sided weakness and dysesthesia associated with headache and nausea. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed white matter lesions confined to the left hemisphere. Initially, multiple sclerosis was suspected, and methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy was administered, followed by fingolimod hydrochloride. However, on day 267, the patient again experienced transient hypesthesia. Cranial MRI showed expansion of the highly infiltrated areas of the left hemisphere on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2 weighted image, accompanied by edema...

Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by multifocal segmental inflammation of the small and medium vessels of the central nervous system. The predominant symptoms of cerebral vasculitis are stroke, headache, and encephalopathy. Additional symptoms include seizures, cranial nerve palsies, and myelopathy. Imaging techniques play a crucial role in identifying the diagnosis of vasculitis and demonstrating brain involvement. An 89-year-old woman with permanent atrial fibrillation developed an embolic stroke...

Introduction: Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS) is a rare form of vasculitis that solely affects the Central Nervous System (CNS). Its presentation varies widely from a simple headache to a stroke-like presentation. PACNS management is divided into an induction phase, which includes corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab, and a maintenance phase which includes: methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab and azathioprine. Case presentation: A 31-year-old male presented to the emergency department due to an episode of right arm weakness and left-sided facial weakness...

BACKGROUND: Lower-grade insular gliomas often appear as expansile and infiltrative masses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there are nonneoplastic lesions of the insula, such as demyelinating disease and vasculopathies, that can mimic insular gliomas. OBSERVATIONS: The authors report two patients who presented with headaches and were found to have mass lesions concerning for lower-grade insular glioma based on MRI obtained at initial presentation. However, on the immediate preoperative MRI obtained a few weeks later, both patients had spontaneous and complete resolution of the insular lesions...

Introduction: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a vasculitis confined to the CNS. A small proportion of the lesions may present as a tumor-like mass, which is rarely seen in children. Case presentation: A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of an intermittent headache. Brain imaging suggested a space-occupying lesion in the right cerebral hemisphere. The final diagnosis was PACNS with a lymphocytic pattern by stereotactic brain biopsy...