Occupational therapy + acute care +adults

BACKGROUND: The indication and surgical complexity of orthotopic liver transplantation underscore the need for strategies to optimize the recovery for transplant recipients. We conducted a systematic review aimed at identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing the evidence examining the effect of in-patient rehabilitation for liver transplant recipients and provide related practice recommendations. METHODS: Health research databases were systematically reviewed for studies that included adults who received liver transplantation and participated in acute, post-transplant rehabilitation...

IMPORTANCE: Readmission to the hospital can lead to poorer patient outcomes and increased health care costs. The effect of occupational therapy interventions for adult hospitalized patients on readmission rates has not been previously evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To systematically examine the published literature to determine the effects of occupational therapy interventions for adult hospitalized patients on readmission rates. DATA SOURCES: Systematic search of five electronic databases was performed from database inception until May 2020, supplemented by citation and reference list searches...

IMPORTANCE: Unplanned hospital readmissions can profoundly affect older adults' quality of life and the financial status of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Although many clinical practices focus on reforming these issues, occupational therapy's involvement remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical practices aimed at reducing hospital readmissions of older adults pursuing postacute care (PAC) at SNFs and describe how they align with occupational therapy's scope of practice...

IMPORTANCE: Research supports the clinical effectiveness of hospital-based occupational therapy to improve functional outcomes, but no synthesis of economic evaluations of occupational therapy services provided in these settings has been published. OBJECTIVE: To determine the economic value of occupational therapy services in acute and subacute care settings. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EconLit, Embase, National Health Services Economic Evaluation Database, PsycINFO, ProQuest (Health and Medicine and Social Science subsets only), OTseeker, and gray literature...

IMPORTANCE: Hospitalized patients who have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) benefit from occupational therapy services; however, disparities in access to such services are understudied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether need (i.e., limited ADL performance) predicts acute care occupational therapy utilization and whether this relationship differs across sociodemographic factors and insurance type. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of electronic health records data...

IMPORTANCE: Hospitalized patients who have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) benefit from occupational therapy services; however, disparities in access to such services are understudied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether need (i.e., limited ADL performance) predicts acute care occupational therapy utilization and whether this relationship differs across sociodemographic factors and insurance type. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of electronic health records data...

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 435 adults with TBI who received occupational therapy services in an acute care trauma center hospital. Outcome measures were (1) occupational therapy utilization based on billed minutes of occupational therapy evaluation and treatment (low vs. high); (2) Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) "6-Clicks" to assess activities of daily living level of assistance; and (3) Discharge disposition (community vs. institution). Community discharge included home and supported living facilities...

The presence of acute infectious respiratory diseases (ARD) is one of the main reasons why recently arrived refugees seek medical help. This paper investigates the incidence rates of acute respiratory diseases in an adult refugee population as well as associated sociodemographic factors and drug treatments. We conducted a retrospective observational study of deidentified medical records. The data were collected between 2015 and 2019 in the health care centers of two large German initial reception centers for refugees...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients and investigate the utilization of physical (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) intervention for those with a positive coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis compared with other patient populations during the first 6 weeks of the novel coronavirus pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study of adult inpatients with a length of stay of 1 or more days at an urban hospital in Detroit, Michigan...

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, mandatory containment measures led to lockdowns and severely diminished social interaction, with older adults being one vulnerable group. Socially assistive robots (SARs) could prove to be an effective intervention. OBJECTIVES: To explore the experiences of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with a SAR during the first lockdown in Belgium. METHODS: Inductive thematic analysis was used...

In adults with COPD basic mobility scores on the AM-PAC "6-clicks" measure completed at discharge had the best sensitivity and specificity for predicting discharge to home and need for rehab services.

INTRODUCTION: Advances in cancer treatment over the last decade have led to increased survival rates. As a result, survivors are living longer with and beyond cancer, often with greater levels of morbidity. Occupational therapists, with their focus on remedial and compensatory strategies to improve function and participation, are well suited to assess and intervene with this population. Despite this, little research exists to demonstrate the efficacy of interventions and value of the occupational therapy role...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of community transition programs for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) on hospital readmissions (HR) and quality of life (QOL). DATA SOURCES: Seven databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, the Joanna Briggs Institute database, OTseeker, and PEDro) and reference lists of relevant articles were searched from inception through March 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Original research studies were included that 1) evaluated interventions designed to support individuals ages 18-65 with newly acquired tSCI in navigating the transition from sub-acute care to the community and 2) reported data for QOL or HR outcomes...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of an algorithm, using clinical measures only, on a sample of persons with first ever stroke in the US. It was hypothesized that algorithm accuracy would fall in a range of 70-80%. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort; two assessments were done, (1) within 48 hours to 1 week post stroke and (2) at 12 weeks post stroke. SETTING: Recruited from a large acute care hospital and followed over first 6 months after stroke...

Background Readmissions in patients with congestive heart failure are common and often preventable. Limited data suggest that patients discharged to a less intensive postacute care setting than recommended are likely to readmit. We examined whether postacute setting discordance (discharge to a less intensive postacute setting than recommended by a physical and occupational therapist) was associated with hospital readmission in patients with congestive heart failure. We also assessed sociodemographic and clinical predictors of setting discordance...

This study compared activity participation, and mental and physical functions of two different groups of adults with chronic cardiac conditions. Eleven participants were assessed at the immediate post-acute stage and 26 participants were at the distant post-acute stage. Participants at distant post-acute were significantly more physically active ( p < .001), more activity-limited in cognition-related activities ( p = .035) and reported more depressive symptoms than immediate post-acute ( p = .046). No significant difference in participation level was found...

OBJECTIVE: To describe differences in home care use in the 30-days following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation after a hip fracture among older adults with dementia compared to those without dementia. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of individually-linked health administrative data. SETTING: Community dwelling older adults following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation facilities in Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: 17,263 older adults, of whom 2,489 (14...

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 survivors are at risk of functional decline. To address the current gap in knowledge about post-acute needs of those infected by COVID-19, we examined discharge function data to better prepare patients, providers, and health systems to return patients to optimal levels of functioning. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the prevalence of functional decline and related rehabilitation needs at hospital discharge. DESIGN: Prospective chart review...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the number of physical and occupational therapist visits received in the acute care hospital and the risk of hospital readmission or death. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of electronic health records and administrative claims data collected for 2.25 years (January 1, 2016 - March 30, 2018). SETTING: 12 acute care hospitals in a large healthcare system in Western Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: 8,279 adults discharged with a primary stroke diagnosis...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether indicators of patient need (comorbidity burden; fall risk) predict acute care rehabilitation utilization, and whether this relationship varies across patient characteristics (i.e., demographic characteristics; insurance type). DESIGN: Secondary analysis of electronic health records (EHR) data. SETTING: Five acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 110,209 adults admitted to five regional hospitals between 2014 and 2018...