Cognitive dysfunctions

BACKGROUND: The development of digital applications based on behavioral therapies to support patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has attracted increasing attention in the field of rehabilitation. This paper presents a systematic review of research on digital applications based on behavioral therapies for people with KOA. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to describe the characteristics of relevant digital applications, with a special focus on the current state of behavioral therapies, digital interaction technologies, and user participation in design...

IMPORTANCE: Nursing home (NH) transfers to hospitals are common and have been associated with cognitive decline; approximately 45% of NH hospital transfers are potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAHs). OBJECTIVE: To determine PAH incidence for historically marginalized NH residents with severe cognitive impairment compared with non-Hispanic White residents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study merged 2018 Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services datasets and LTCFocus, a public dataset on US NH care, for US NH residents aged 65 years and older who had a hospitalization...

Stroke is a socially significant neurological disease, the second most common cause of disability and mortality. A wide range of neurological problems that occur after stroke: cognitive, motor, speech, and language disfunction, neuropsychiatric, swallowing disorders and others, complicate rehabilitation, impair social and everyday adaptation, and reduce the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most significant and common complications of stroke. Stroke increases the risk of their development by 5-8 times...

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of the use of annual course therapy of choline alfoscerate (CA) as a drug potentially capable of slowing or preventing the transition of amnesic type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) into clinically pronounced dementia in a three-year open comparative study, as well as to explore the possibility of predicting the preventive effect of such therapy based on a number of clinical and biological parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 100 patients with aMCI, randomly divided into 2 groups: the therapeutic group consisted of 50 patients who received CA course therapy once a year for 3 years (20 intravenous infusions of 1000 mg (4 ml) in 100 ml of saline solution for 4 weeks) and a comparison group of 50 patients who underwent an annual examination at the center and did not receive therapy...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a severe, orphan disease characterized by a steady increase in symptoms of parkinsonism, cerebellar disorders, and autonomic failure. In addition to autonomic failure, which is considered the defining symptom of this type of atypical parkinsonism, there are a range of other non-motor clinical manifestations, such as sleep disorders, pain syndrome, anxiety-depressive disorders, cognitive impairment (CI). CI, especially severe CI, has long been considered as a distinctive feature of MCA...

One of the reasons for the development or worsening of cognitive impairment (CI) may be the use of a number of drugs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, glucocorticosteroids, antitumor drugs and a number of others. The negative effect of drugs on cognitive functions is realized due to many pathophysiological mechanisms: disruption of hormonal regulation, decreased neuronal excitability, increased activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, decreased cerebral circulation, atrophic changes in the brain; many mechanisms have not been fully established...

The prevalence of cognitive impairment is steadily increasing compared to previous years. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people living with dementia will increase reaching 82 million in 2030 and 152 million in 2050. The most common cause is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathophysiological process in AD begins several years before the onset of clinical symptoms; so identifying it at an early stage would likely improve the clinical prognosis. The article presents EEG changes in patients with AD, and discusses the possibility of using EEG as a screening method for examining patients with cognitive impairment...

OBJECTIVE: To establish the characteristics of clinical manifestations and cognitive tests in patients with schizophrenia, with a predominance of cognitive and negative disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 76 patients, 66 in the main group, 10 in the comparison group, who were treated in Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 and Psychiatric Hospital No. 4 (Moscow). Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric and statistical methods were used. Features of cognitive functioning were studied using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Screen (ECAS)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of mild behavioral impairment (MBI ) in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI ), refine diagnostic criteria, and characterize the identified neuropsychiatric symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-three individuals over 50 years of age (median 72 [68; 77]) with MCI underwent psychiatric and psychometric assessments using clinical and psychopathological methods and scales. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate intergroup differences, ROC-analysis with calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) was performed, and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MBI diagnosis were determined for MBI-C...

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including cerebrovascular complications. Strokes and/or vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are considered as a clinical sign of brain damage as a target organ in hypertension. To identify and assess the severity of VCI, patients with hypertension should undergo a neuropsychological assessment. Neuroimaging confirm the vascular origin of cognitive impairment. Patient management should include antihypertensive therapy along with neuroprotection...

OBJECTIVE: To establish specific features of executive functions (EF) impairment and attention in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty people (over the age of 50) diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and AD, as well as 29 healthy volunteers (control group), were examined. The following neuropsychological methods were used to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cognitive impairments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), EXIT-25, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Clock Drawing Test, «12 Words» test, verbal associations (literal and categorical) method, Trail Making Test A and B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Stroop Test, and Benton Visual Retention Test...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pattern and connections of neuropsychological and metabolic indices in patients with cognitive disorders of Alzheimer's and vascular (subcortical-cortical) types of different severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 177 patients were examined, including 85 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 92 patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). All patients underwent complex neuropsychological examination; 18 F-FDG PET was performed in 17 patients with AD and 15 patients with VCI...

Cognitive impairment, which is highly prevalent, especially among older people, leads to a decrease in the quality of life of patients, impairment of daily activities, and an increased risk of dementia and mortality. Currently, much attention is paid to mild cognitive impairment. The article discusses diagnostic criteria and possible clinical variants of this syndrome. Given the high rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia, it is necessary to identify risk groups and carry out therapeutic preventive measures...

Dementia is one of the main challenges to modern society. According to estimated data, as of 2019, there were 1.949.811 people living In Russia with dementia of various etiology. At the same time, there have been no large epidemiological studies of dementia in the Russian Federation. The article provides an overview of the available data on the epidemiology of cognitive impairment (CI) In Russia given from various sources. Not only estimated, but also available clinical data were analyzed. In general, the obtained prevalence values for CI are comparable to global values...

Abstracts: Objective In order to provide a more accurate and effective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, patients with cognitive dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were evaluated and their influencing factors were analyzed. Methods A rigorous and systematic logistic regression analysis was conducted to comprehensively investigate the various influencing factors that contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Results Among them, the sex granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also higher than those in the control group ( P  < 0...

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been consistently demonstrated. However, a specific neuropsychological profile has not yet been established for this disorder, maybe due to the heterogeneity of BPD. The aim of this work is the search for distinct neuropsychological subtypes among patients with BPD and for the association of neuropsychological subgroups with specific clinical characteristics. METHODOLOGY: One hundred fifteen patients with BPD diagnosis received an extensive neuropsychological evaluation assessing attentional, memory and executive functions indexes...

Introduction. Patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis (HD) treatment have an 8-10 times higher risk of experiencing stroke events and developing cognitive impairment. The high vascular stress they are subjected to may be the basis for the development of vascular dementia (VaD). Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the executive functions, typically impaired in VaD, of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis treatment. Method. HD patients were recruited from the U.O.C. of Nephrology and Dialysis (ASP Ragusa)...

Cognitive training (CT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for substance use disorders (SUD), aiming to restore cognitive impairments and potentially improve treatment outcomes. However, despite promising findings, the effectiveness of CT in real-life applications and its impact on SUD symptoms has remained unclear. This perspective article critically examines the existing evidence on CT for SUD and explores the challenges and gaps in implementing CT interventions. It emphasizes the need for clarity in expectations and decision-making from a public health standpoint, advocating for comprehensive studies that consider a broader range of SUD consequences and utilize measures that reflect patients' actual experiences...

Introduction: The relationship between sleep loss and cognitive impairment has long been widely recognized, but there is still a lack of complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to further explore the shared biological mechanisms and common biomarkers between sleep loss and cognitive impairment. Methods: The mitochondria-related genes and gene expression data were downloaded from the MitoCarta3.0 and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We identified the differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes by combing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sleep deprivation (SD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) datasets with mitochondria-related gene lists...

Saffron, derived from Crocus sativus, is gaining research attention for potential therapeutic applications. Its diverse clinical applications extend to cardiovascular health, diabetes management, sleep quality, psychiatric illnesses, and rheumatoid arthritis. Saffron's positive effects on blood pressure, glucose levels, cognitive function, and inflammatory markers contribute to its versatility. Additionally, carotenoids like crocin and crocetin suggest anti-cancer potential. In terms of reproductive health, saffron's impact on male reproductive health shows conflicting findings on semen parameters...