Endothelial cells nutrition

SCOPE: Early diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by chronic inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and retinal microvascular damage. Syringaresinol (SYR), as a natural polyphenolic compound, has been proved to inhibit many disease progression due to its antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study focuses on exploring the effect of SYR on hyperglycemia-induced early DR as well as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wild-type (WT) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-knockout C57BL/6 mice of type 1 diabetes and high glucose (HG)-induced RF/6A cells are used as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively...

Elevation of the intermediate amino acid metabolite Homocysteine (Hcy) causes Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a metabolic disorder frequently associated with mutations in the methionine-cysteine metabolic cycle as well as with nutritional deficiency and aging. The previous literature suggests that HHcy is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Severe HHcy is well-established to correlate with vascular pathologies primarily via endothelial cell death. Though moderate HHcy is more prevalent and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular abnormalities in later part of life, its precise role in endothelial physiology is largely unknown...

BACKGROUND: Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is an important part of blood coagulation since it binds platelets to each other and to endothelial cells. In traumatic and surgical haemorrhage, both blood cells and plasmatic factors are consumed, leading to consumption coagulopathy and fluid resuscitation. This often results in large amounts of crystalloids and blood products being infused. Additional administration of vWF complex and platelets might mitigate this problem. We hypothesize that administration of vWF concentrate additionally to platelet concentrates reduces blood loss and the amount of blood products (platelets, red blood cells [RBC], fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) administered...

SCOPE: Vitexin, a C-glycosylated flavonoid, is abundant in food sources and has potential health-beneficial properties. However, the targets for its beneficial effects remain largely unknown. This study aims to establish an in vitro cell model of vascular low-grade inflammation and explore the antiinflammatory mechanism of vitexin. METHODS AND RESULTS: Low-dose TNFα and IL-17 are combined to establish a cell model of vascular low-grade inflammation. Cell-based studies show that low-dose TNFα (1 ng mL-1 ) alone has a slight effect, but its combination with IL-17 can potently induce protein expression of inflammatory cytokines, leading to an inflammatory state...

PURPOSE: To describe discrepancies between clinical observation and current teachings in corneal endothelial disease, particularly in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and its potential association with primary open angle glaucoma. DESIGN AND METHODS: Perspective on Fuchs dystrophy, a disorder that commonly presents with a compromised endothelium but minimal stromal edema, indicating that the corneal imbibition pressure is relatively 'too high'. RESULTS: The discrepancy between the relative lack of stromal edema in the absence of an endothelial cell layer can not be explained by the current theories involving a circulatory pumping mechanism over the endothelial cell layer, but may point to 1) secondary involvement of the corneal endothelium in Fuchs dystrophy; 2) separate hydration systems for maintaining the imbibition pressure (vertical static hydration) and corneal nutrition (horizontal dynamic hydration); 3) the cornea as net contributor of aqueous humor; 4) a close relationship between the corneal imbibition and intraocular pressure, with potentially a shared regulatory system; 5) a potential steroid-type hormone dependency of this regulatory system...

Olive oil production yields a substantial volume of by-products, constituting up to 80% of the processed fruits. The olive pomace by-product represents a residue of significant interest due to the diverse bioactive compounds identified in it. However, a thorough characterization and elucidation of the biological activities of olive pomace are imperative to redirect its application for functional food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical purposes both for animals and humans. In this review, we examine data from experimental models, including immortalized human vascular endothelial cells, human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, non-tumorigenic human hepatoma cells, and murine macrophages alongside clinical trials...

An elevated platelet count may contribute to significant thrombotic events and pose a risk for diabetic microvascular complications. Albuminuria, one of the hallmarks of diabetes, is thought to be a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the association between relative thrombocytosis and an increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in healthy adult participants. Using multivariate analyses on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-VI, 12,525 eligible native Koreans aged ≥ 20 were categorized into platelet count quintiles by sex...

Critical-size bone defects are a common and intractable clinical problem that typically requires filling in with surgical implants to facilitate bone regeneration. Considering the limitations of autologous bone and allogeneic bone in clinical applications, such as secondary damage or immunogenicity, injectable microhydrogels with osteogenic and angiogenic effects have received considerable attention. Herein, polydopamine (PDA)-functionalized strontium alginate/nanohydroxyapatite (Sr-Alg/nHA) composite microhydrogels loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were prepared using microfluidic technology...

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Lindera glauca (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, known as grayblue spicebush (GS), has been used as food and for medicinal purposes; however, studies about its hypotensive or vasorelaxant effects are lacking. Therefore, the hypotensive effect of an ethanolic extract of the GS branch (GSE) was investigated in 15-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) using the tail cuff method. The GSE administration group (1000 mg/kg SHR body weight) showed a decrease in their systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured 4 h after its administration...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of studies have examined the impact of curcumin/turmeric on blood pressure and the factors allegedly responsible for hypertension. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we tried to sum up the existing literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating this hypothesis. METHODS: Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) were searched from inception up to October 2022...

Hemangiomas are vascular tumors resulting from the proliferation of endothelial-like cells; they are the most common childhood tumors, affecting approximately 5-10% of newborns and infants. Besides hemangiomas, which are definitely benign tumors despite their overgrowth potential, there are other vascular tumors like hemangioendotheliomas, which may display intermediate characteristics between benign hemangiomas and highly malignant angiosarcomas. Standard therapy may be constricted by serious adverse effects, high cost, or traumatic influence...

This critical review examines evidence for beneficial effects of quercetin phase-2 conjugates from clinical intervention studies, volunteer feeding trials, and in vitro work. Plasma concentrations of quercetin-3- O -glucuronide (Q3G) and 3'-methylquercetin-3- O- glucuronide (3'MQ3G) after supplementation may produce beneficial effects in macrophages and endothelial cells, respectively, especially if endogenous deglucuronidation occurs, and lower blood uric acid concentration via quercetin-3'- O -sulfate (Q3'S)...

The purpose of tissue engineering is to reconstruct parts of injured tissues and to resolve the shortage of organ donations. However, the main concern is the limited size of engineered tissue due to insufficient oxygen and nutrition distribution in large three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. To provide better support for cells inside the scaffolds, the vascularization of blood vessels within the scaffold could be a solution. This study compared the effects of different culturing systems using human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and coculture of ASCs and HUVECs in 3D-bioprinted gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel constructs...

The high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is expressed almost exclusively in the liver and is then transported by HDL to the peripheral tissues. The lipophilic nature of PON1 enables its easy exchange between the lipoprotein and cell membranes in a process that is dependent on the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-B1). In endothelial cells, PON1 binding to the cell membrane leads to its internalization by endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation. PON1 is a "promiscuous" enzyme with unusually broad substrate specificity in vitro, but its actual function and substrate are still unknown...

Panax notoginseng , a Chinese traditional food and herb medicine, possesses notable cardiovascular health-promoting properties, with notoginsenoside (NG)-R1 being a key active compound. Insulin resistance represents a global health concern associated with various metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effects of NG-R1 on palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our findings demonstrate that NG-R1 significantly alleviated impaired glucose uptake, enhanced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) at Ser473, and reduced the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) at Ser307 in PA-treated HUVECs...

The Nastaran plant, with the scientific name of Rosa canina , has been used since ancient times as a plant with medicinal properties. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to examine the protective effects of R. canina fruit extract (RCFE) and its flavonoid ingredient (quercetin) against H2 O2 -induced cell injury. RCFE (1.25-20 μg/mL) and quercetin (1.25-20 μM) were exposed to H2 O2 -oxidizing agent (1 and 2 mM) and the protective effect was examined on HUVEC cells by Alamar Blue test...

BACKGROUND: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) antimalarial therapy has been suggested to potentially increase the birth weight of infants in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, independently of malarial infection. Here, we utilized female intestinal organoid-derived cells cultured within microfluidic Organ Chips to investigate whether SP could directly impact intestinal function and thereby improve the absorption of essential fats and nutrients crucial for fetal growth. METHODS: Using a human organ-on-a-chip model, we replicated the adult female intestine with patient organoid-derived duodenal epithelial cells interfaced with human intestinal endothelial cells...

PURPOSE: Longer-term intake of fatty acid (FA)-modified dairy products (SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched) was reported to attenuate postprandial endothelial function in humans, relative to conventional (control) dairy. Thus, we performed an in vitro study in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to investigate mechanisms underlying the effects observed in vivo. METHODS: This sub-study was conducted within the framework of the RESET study, a 12-week randomised controlled crossover trial with FA-modified and control dairy diets...

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that typically occurs in the later stages of the disease. Vascularization is indeed an important physiological process involving the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. It occurs in response to various normal and pathophysiological conditions, and one of its critical roles is to compensate for inadequate oxygen supply, which is often seen in situations like chronic limb ischemia (CLI). Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (Hint1) is a member of the Hint family that has been shown to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, but its role in vascularization still needs to be clarified...

AIMS: Several artificial bone grafts have been developed but fail to achieve anticipated osteogenesis due to their insufficient neovascularization capacity and periosteum support. This study aimed to develop a vascularized bone-periosteum construct (VBPC) to provide better angiogenesis and osteogenesis for bone regeneration. METHODS: A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups according to the experimental materials. Allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were cultured and seeded evenly in the collagen/chitosan sheet to form cell sheet as periosteum...