Diabetes prevention nutrition treatment

BACKGROUND: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Periodontitis is an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM patients had an increased risk in susceptibility to periodontitis. And serum zinc (Zn) levels were low in patients with periodontitis combined with DM. Herein, this study aimed to explore the association between dietary Zn intake and the risk of periodontitis in DM patients, in order to provide some scientific references for the prevention and treatment for periodontitis clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic and clinical data of DM patients were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database in 2009-2014 in this cross-sectional study...

The increasing global prevalence and associated comorbidities need innovative approaches for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention and treatment. Genetics contributes significantly to T2DM susceptibility, and genetic counseling is significant in detecting and informing people about the diabetic risk. T2DM is also intricately linked to overnutrition and obesity, and nutritional advising is beneficial to mitigate diabetic evolution. However, manipulating pancreatic cell plasticity and transdifferentiation could help beta cell regeneration and glucose homeostasis, effectively contributing to the antidiabetic fight...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still a fast-growing health problem globally. It is evident that chronic insulin resistance (IR) and progressive loss of β-cell mass and function are key features of T2D etiology. Obesity is a leading pathogenic factor for developing IR. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound derived from cruciferous vegetables, can prevent (prevention approach) or treat (treatment approach) obesity and IR in mouse models. We show that dietary intake of SFN (0...

Macrophages are phagocytic cells with important physiological functions, including the digestion of cellular debris, foreign substances, and microbes, as well as tissue development and homeostasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the aggressiveness of cancer, and the biological and cellular interactions in this complicated space can determine carcinogenesis. The TME can determine the progression, biological behavior, and therapy resistance of human cancers. The macrophages are among the most abundant cells in the TME, and their functions and secretions can determine tumor progression...

Amaranth is a pseudocereal rich in macronutrients and micronutrients, with about 60 species cultivated worldwide. It is a high nutritional value food because of its many essential amino acids. Recent investigations demonstrate that the phytochemicals and extracts of amaranth have beneficial effects on health, including antidiabetic potential, a decrease in plasmatic cholesterol and blood pressure, and protection from oxidative stress and inflammation. Nowadays, type 2 diabetes has increased worldwide, becoming a problem of public health that makes it necessary to look for alternative strategies for its prevention and treatment...

Sarcopenia is a significant health concern primarily affecting old adult individuals, characterized by age-related muscle loss, and decreased strength, power, and endurance. It has profound negative effects on overall health and quality of life, including reduced independence, mobility, and daily activity performance, osteoporosis, increased fall and fracture risks, metabolic issues, and chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Preventive strategies typically involve a combination of proper nutrition and regular physical activity...

Meal timing emerges as a crucial factor influencing metabolic health that can be explained by the tight interaction between the endogenous circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Mistimed food intake, such as delayed or nighttime consumption, leads to desynchronization of the internal circadian clock and is associated with an increased risk for obesity and associated metabolic disturbances such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, meal timing aligned with cellular rhythms can optimize the performance of tissues and organs...

There are few studies on the relationship between dietary habits and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary inflammation index (DII) score and ACO. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2020. The DII score was first calculated and the demographic characteristics of the grouping based on the DII quartile were assessed. The weighted logistic regression model was used to study the relationship between DII and ACO...

BACKGROUND: Functional food is a key element in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The ingredients it contains, such as phytosterols that lower cholesterol, also have a preventive effect on type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and heart attack. Phenolic compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. Xylo-oligosaccharides control insulin levels, and fibre lowers blood pressure, potentially reducing insulin resistance. These beneficial properties mean that there is an increasing interest in this kind of food...

Here we test a method of incorporating of plant extracts into popular snack foods to help control diabetes. Since some fresh vegetables contain antidiabetic compounds, ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to optimize their extraction of from spring onions, bunching onions, and celery for later incorporation into crackers. We compared various concentrations of ethanol used during extraction, after which they were exposed to an ultrasound processor whose amplitude and sonication time were also varied. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be an ethanol concentration of 44...

BACKGROUND: Nimbolide, a bioactive compound derived from the neem tree, has garnered attention as a potential breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent updates in research highlight its multifaceted pharmacological properties, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. With a rich history in traditional medicine, nimbolide efficacy in addressing the molecular complexities of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer positions it as a promising candidate for further exploration...

The definition of "Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease - MAFLD" has replaced the previous definition of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), because cardiometabolic criteria have been added for the prevention of cardiological risk in these patients. This definition leads to an in-depth study of the bidirectional relationships between hepatic steatosis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and/or their complications. Lifestyle modification, which includes correct nutrition combined with regular physical activity, represents the therapeutic cornerstone of MAFLD...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are an important link in the maintenance and normalization of some important body functions. Recently, the metabolic component of the SCFAs effects has also been actively studied; the effect on body weight, insulin resistance and glycemia is of particular interest in the context of the prevention and treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. In this regard, it is relevant to study the characteristics of SCFAs' production in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, mainly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)...

This study aimed to explore the association of carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CFR) with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adults. In this study, data from the 2 cycles (2017-2018 and 2019-2020) of the NHANES were used. Univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between CFR and MAFLD. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence levels (CIs) were estimated. Subgroup analysis was further performed in terms of gender, age and comorbidity (diabetes, hypertension)...

(1) Background: Modulators of the Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system are involved in energy metabolism, but the effect of NPY receptor antagonists on metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a common obesity-related comorbidity, are largely unknown. In this study, we report on the effects of antagonists of the NPY-2 receptor (Y2R) in comparison with empagliflozin and semaglutide, substances that are known to be beneficial in MASLD. (2) Methods: Diet-induced obese (DIO) male Wistar rats were randomized into the following treatment groups: empagliflozin, semaglutide ± PYY3-36 , the Y2R antagonists JNJ 31020028 and a food-restricted group, as well as a control group...

Dietary supplements enriched with bioactive compounds represent a promising approach to influence physiological processes and enhance longevity and overall health. Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus serves as a functional food supplement with a high concentration of bioactive compounds, which offers various health-promoting benefits. Several chronic diseases have metabolic, genetic, or inflammatory origins, which are frequently interconnected. Pharmacological treatments, although effective, often result in undesirable side effects...

The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is increasing globally due to factors such as urbanization, obesity, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyles, healthcare accessibility, diagnostic advancements, and genetic influences. Research on MAFLD and HCC risk factors, pathogenesis, and biomarkers has been conducted through a narrative review of relevant studies, with a focus on PubMed and Web of Science databases and exclusion criteria based on article availability and language. Steatosis marks the early stage of MASH advancement, commonly associated with factors of metabolic syndrome such as obesity and type 2 diabetes...

Childhood obesity has become a major public health concern around the world, with a rise in prevalence over the last few decades. This abstract provides an overview of pediatric obesity, including its causes, implications, and potential treatments. Childhood obesity is caused by a complex combination of environmental, genetic, and behavioral variables. A child's likelihood of developing obesity is influenced by factors, such as socioeconomic status, family dynamics, and cultural norms. Childhood obesity leads to extensive repercussions, elevating the risk of chronic conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health challenges...

Due to the health benefits that medicinal plants present, they are applied in traditional healthcare in developing and developed countries alike. Tetrapleura tetraptera, a flowering plant mostly found in the western part of Africa has an essential chemical composition that gives it nutritive value and medicinal capacities. This review aims to highlight the nutritional attributes, biological properties, health benefits, and applications of T. tetraptera . The fruit of the plant has been revealed to possess about 58...