teaching image

PURPOSE: Brachytherapy plays a crucial role in the standard of care for locally advanced gynecological malignancies. In this report, we present the experience from a tertiary teaching hospital, which is a referral center for image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) in the management of locally advanced gynecological malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 130 patients referred to our hospital for IGBT after receiving initial external beam radiotherapy in their primary healthcare facilities, from January 2021 till January 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures. Almost half of patients who have an unprovoked first seizure (UFS) have additional seizures and develop epilepsy. No current predictive models exist to determine who has a higher risk of recurrence to guide treatment. Emerging evidence suggests alterations in cognition, mood and brain connectivity exist in the population with UFS. Baseline evaluations of these factors following a UFS will enable the development of the first multimodal biomarker-based predictive model of seizure recurrence in adults with UFS...

INTRODUCTION: Strict safety practices are essential to ensure the safety of patients and staff in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Training regarding the fundamentals of MRI safety is well-established and commonly agreed upon. However, more complex aspect of screening patients, such as image review or screening of unconscious patients/patients with communication difficulties is less well discussed. The current UK and USA guidelines do not suggest the use of communication training for MRI staff nor indicate any training to encourage reviewing images in the screening process...

PURPOSE: To investigate the utility of a hand-held digital otoscope for nasal endoscopy and as a pedagogy tool for residents and fellows in patients undergoing external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery. METHODS: A digital otoscope (MS450-NTE, Teslong Inc., USA) comprising a digital screen device and a connectible camera probe was used for performing nasal endoscopy. Inspection of nasal cavities was performed pre-, intra-, and post-operatively in sequential patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who underwent DCR or lacrimal probing...

INTRODUCTION: Establishing percutaneous renal access is the key initial step to PCNL; however, learning the technique during surgery for trainees is complicated by the number of approaches used to gain access, limited completion time during a breath hold and attempt to minimize the number of passes through a kidney. There are many training models for percutaneous access commercially available all with their respective limitations. Our objective was to develop a low cost, high fidelity percutaneous access training model that addresses existing limitations and can be used with both ultrasound and fluoroscopy guidance...

Learning from demonstration is a proven technique to teach robots new skills. Data quality and quantity play a critical role in the performance of models trained using data collected from human demonstrations. In this paper we enhance an existing teleoperation data collection system with real-time haptic feedback to the human demonstrators; we observe improvements in the collected data throughput and in the performance of autonomous policies using models trained with the data. Our experimental testbed was a mobile manipulator robot that opened doors with latch handles...

Spinal infections are a diverse group of diseases affecting different compartments of the spine with variable clinical and imaging presentations. Diagnosis of spinal infections is based on a combination of clinical features, laboratory markers, and imaging studies. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of spinal infections. The characteristic imaging manifestations of bacterial and viral infections in the spine are discussed with key teaching points emphasized.

Teaching point: Chondrosarcoma of the lower rib may present with only minimal calcified chondroid matrix and may be misinterpreted as a liver lesion.

Macrodactyly, a often congenital anomaly, entails abnormal enlargement of digits, predominantly affecting hands or feet, either in isolation or as part of a syndromic condition. The authors present a case of Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa (ML), a form of macrodactyly, in a 62-year-old patient, emphasizing macrodactyly manifestations through clinical and radiological assessments. Additionally, the authors explore anatomical aspects related to nerve distribution in affected digits, providing a comprehensive understanding of ML...

Teaching point: Popliteal sulcus erosion with soft tissue mass: when in doubt, think of gout.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the key points of cervical resection for prestyloid parapharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma and to discuss the role of modern imaging. OBSERVATION: Retrospective case series of 10 patients (4 women and 6 men, age 29-63 years) with prestyloid parapharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma with 2 to 8cm largest diameter on MRI, consecutively resected via a cervical approach between 2000 and 2020 in a French tertiary university referral care center. Seven patients had a minimum 10 years' follow-up, and one was lost to follow-up before the fifth postoperative year...

Digital pathology (the technology whereby glass histology slides are scanned at high resolution, digitised, stored and shared with pathologists, who can view them using microscopy software on a screen) is transforming the delivery of clinical diagnostic pathology services around the world. In addition to adding value to clinical histopathology practice, digital histology slides provide a versatile medium to achieve the educational needs of a variety of learners including undergraduate students, postgraduate doctors in training and those pursuing continuing professional development portfolios...

PURPOSE: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a sensitive, safe, and efficient tool used in many clinical settings and is an essential part of medical education in the United States. Numerous studies present improved diagnostic performances and positive clinical outcomes among POCUS users. However, others stress the degree to which the modality is user-dependent, rendering high-quality POCUS training necessary in medical education. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the potential of an artificial intelligence (AI) based quality indicator tool as a teaching device for cardiac POCUS performance...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of neuro-imaging and the prevalence of positive findings in patients with vertigo visiting an emergency room of a low-middle-income-country, Pakistan. METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the emergency room of the Aga Khan University Hospital, a 550 bedded tertiary care teaching facility located in Karachi, Pakistan. The frequency of neuro-imaging in patients visiting emergency room with vertigo during 20 years (2000-2020), their findings and disposition was calculated in percentages...

A transformer neural network is employed in the present study to predict Q-values in a simulated environment using reinforcement learning techniques. The goal is to teach an agent to navigate and excel in the Flappy Bird game, which became a popular model for control in machine learning approaches. Unlike most top existing approaches that use the game's rendered image as input, our main contribution lies in using sensory input from LIDAR, which is represented by the ray casting method. Specifically, we focus on understanding the temporal context of measurements from a ray casting perspective and optimizing potentially risky behavior by considering the degree of the approach to objects identified as obstacles...

(1) Background: Unclear sonographic findings without adequate specialist expertise in abdominal ultrasound (AU) may harm patients in rural areas, due to overlooked diagnoses, unnecessary additional imaging (e.g., CT scan), and/or patient transport to referral expert centers. Appropriate telemedical sonography assistance could lead to corresponding savings. (2) Methods: The study was designed as a randomized trial. Selected study centers performed AU with the best local expertise. Patients were selected and monitored according to the indication that they required AU...

PURPOSE: To assess the various patterns of the inter-proximal contact areas of the permanent dentition using the available cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on existing CBCT images from a University hospital and teaching department. Three thousand two hundred and fifty inter-proximal contacts were assessed from 125 existing CBCT scans of patients (age range: 14 years 3 months-29 years 9 months) who had matched the eligibility criteria...

Dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) caused by inflammatory enteritis, intestinal lymphangiectasia, or both, have a guarded prognosis, with death occurring as a result of the disease in approximately 50% of cases. Although dietary therapy alone is significantly associated with a positive outcome, there is limited ability to differentiate between food-responsive (FR) PLE and immunosuppressant-responsive (IR) PLE at diagnosis in dogs. Our objective was to determine if a transfer learning computational approach to image classification on duodenal biopsy specimens collected at diagnosis was able to differentiate FR-PLE from IR-PLE...

(1) Background: Acute asthma and bronchitis are common infectious diseases in children that affect lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), especially in preschool children (below six years). These diseases can be caused by viral or bacterial infections and are considered one of the main reasons for the increase in the number of deaths among children due to the rapid spread of infection, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). People sometimes confuse acute bronchitis and asthma because there are many overlapping symptoms, such as coughing, runny nose, chills, wheezing, and shortness of breath; therefore, many junior doctors face difficulty differentiating between cases of children in the emergency departments...

BACKGROUND: Mobile phones can be an ideal platform to engage adolescents to maintain, improve, and promote self-care. Therefore, the current study aims to design and evaluate the usability of a mobile application for self-care in adolescents with a user-centered approach. METHODS: The current applied developmental study was done in four steps. The first step, polling and examining opinions was conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews, with the aim of user-centered mobile application design with the involvement of 30 participants...