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REVIEW
M J Price, P M Smith, L M Bottoms, M W Hill
BACKGROUND: Large scale population norms for peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ) during cycle ergometry (CE) have been published for men and women across a wide range of ages. Although upper body functional capacity has an important role in activities of daily living far less is known regarding the effect of age and sex on upper body functional capacity (i.e. arm crank ergometry; ACE). The aim of this review was to determine the effect of age and sex on VO2peak obtained during ACE and CE in the same participants...
April 9, 2024: Experimental Gerontology
#22
Gaurav Deepak Patel, Lichao Liu, Ailian Li, Yun-Hsuan Yang, Chia-Chi Shen, Beate Brand-Saberi, Xuesong Yang
BACKGROUND: Millions of people across the globe are affected by conditions like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), although most occurrences are common in the elderly population. This systematic review aims to highlight the safety of the procedures, their tolerability, and efficacy of the available therapies conducted over the years using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating the neurological conditions mentioned above...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arshid Ahmad Mir, Sheikh Khursheed, Barkat Hussain, Bhagyashree Dhekale, Gh Hassan Rather, Bilal A Padder, Hamidullah Itoo, Zahoor Ahmad Bhat, Mohd Amin Mir, Rafiq A Shah
One of the key reasons for the poor performance of natural enemies of honeydew-producing insect pests is mutualism between ants and some aphid species. The findings demonstrated that red wood ant, Formica rufa Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) had a deleterious impact on different biological parameters of the lady beetle, Hippodamia variegata Goeze (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). H. variegata laid far fewer eggs in ant-tended aphid colonies, laying nearly 2.5 times more eggs in ant absence. Ants antennated and bit the lady beetle eggs, resulting in significantly low egg hatching of 66 per cent over 85 per cent in ant absent treatments...
April 11, 2024: Bulletin of Entomological Research
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole Schmid, David Brandt, Claudia Walasek, Clara Rolland, Johannes Wittmann, Dorian Fischer, Mathias Müsken, Jörn Kalinowski, Kai Thormann
Bacterial viruses (phages) are potent agents of lateral gene transfer and thus are important drivers of evolution. A group of mobile genetic elements, referred to as phage satellites, exploits phages to disseminate their own genetic material. Here, we isolated a novel member of the family Inoviridae, Shewanella phage Dolos, along with an autonomously replicating plasmid, pDolos. Dolos causes a chronic infection in its host Shewanella oneidensis by phage production with only minor effects on the host cell proliferation...
April 10, 2024: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paola Sini, Grazia Galleri, Cristina Ciampelli, Manuela Galioto, Bachisio Mario Padedda, Antonella Lugliè, Ciro Iaccarino, Claudia Crosio
The complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is considered the cause of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Among the environmental factors, toxins produced by cyanobacteria have received much attention due to the significant increase in cyanobacteria growth worldwide. In particular, L-BMAA toxin, produced by diverse taxa of cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and diatoms, has been extensively correlated to neurodegeneration. The molecular mechanism of L-BMAA neurotoxicity is still cryptic and far from being understood...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuemei Xu, Xue Zhang, Qiuyuan Xia, Yuning Zhou, Xiaotong Wang, Ru Fang, Ya Wang, Qi Tong, Jieyu Chen, Jiong Shi, Yao Fu, Qiu Rao
A recent study described a rare subtype of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-mutated renal cell carcinoma primarily characterized by Xanthomatous giant cell morphology. Only 2 cases in young individuals have been reported so far, making the correct diagnosis challenging from a pathological perspective. It remains unknown whether this tumor represents an independent subtype or belongs to other TSC-mutated tumors. We conducted a clinicopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical profiling of 5 cases of Xanthomatous Giant Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (XGC RCC) with confirmed TSC2 mutations through targeted DNA sequencing...
April 9, 2024: American Journal of Surgical Pathology
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akihiro Itoigawa, Yasuka Toda, Shigehiro Kuraku, Yoshiro Ishimaru
Taste is a sense that detects information about nutrients and toxins in foods. Of the five basic taste qualities, bitterness is associated with the detection of potentially harmful substances like plant alkaloids. In bony vertebrates, type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs), which are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), act as bitter taste receptors1 , 2 . In vertebrates, six GPCR gene families are described as chemosensory receptor genes, encoding taste receptor families (T1Rs and T2Rs) and olfactory receptor families (ORs, V1Rs, V2Rs, and TAARs)...
April 8, 2024: Current Biology: CB
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorenzo Cipriano, Roberta Minino, Marianna Liparoti, Arianna Polverino, Antonella Romano, Simona Bonavita, Maria Agnese Pirozzi, Mario Quarantelli, Viktor Jirsa, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Emahnuel Troisi Lopez
Large-scale brain activity has long been investigated under the erroneous assumption of stationarity. Nowadays, we know that resting-state functional connectivity is characterized by aperiodic, scale-free bursts of activity (i.e. neuronal avalanches) that intermittently recruit different brain regions. These different patterns of activity represent a measure of brain flexibility, whose reduction has been found to predict clinical impairment in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease...
2024: Brain communications
#29
REVIEW
Ing-Mari Dohrn, Jakob Tarp, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Tommi Vasankari, Maria Hagströmer
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and describe the methodology and results from population-based studies of physical activity and sedentary time measured with devices in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and published in 2000 or later. METHODS: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science in June 2023 using predefined search terms. RESULTS: Fourteen unique research projects or surveillance studies were identified...
April 3, 2024: Journal of Sport and Health Science
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tanja C Vallée, Jannik S Glasmacher, Hannes Buchner, Peter D Arkwright, Uta Behrends, Anastasia Bondarenko, Michael J Browning, David K Buchbinder, Alessandro Cattoni, Liudmyla Chernyshova, Peter Ciznar, Theresa Cole, Wojciech Czogala, Gregor Dueckers, John David M Edgar, Fatih Erbey, Anders Fasth, Francesca Ferrua, Renata Formankova, Eleonora Gambineri, Andrew R Gennery, Frederick D Goldman, Luis Ignacio Gonzalez-Granado, Carsten Heilmann, Tarja Heiskanen-Kosma, Hanna Juntti, Leena Kainulainen, Hirokazu Kanegane, Neslihan E Karaca, Sara Sebnem Kilic, Christoph Klein, Sylwia Koltan, Irina Kondratenko, Isabelle Meyts, Gulnara M Nasrullayeva, Lucia Dora Notarangelo, Srdjan Pasic, Isabelle Pellier, Claudio Pignata, Siraj Ahmed Misbah, Ansgar S Schulz, Gesmar Rs Segundo, Anna Shcherbina, Mary A Slatter, Robert Sokolic, Pere Soler-Palacin, Polina Stepensky, Joris M van Montfrans, Samppa Ryhänen, Beata Wolska-Kuśnierz, John B Ziegler, Xiaodong Zhao, Alessandro Aiuti, Hans D Ochs, Michael H Albert
WAS is a multifaceted monogenic disorder with a broad disease spectrum and variable disease severity and a variety of treatment options including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy (GT). No reliable biomarker exists to predict disease course and outcome for individual patients. A total of 577 patients with a WAS variant from 26 countries and a median follow-up of 8.9 years (0.3-71.1), totaling 6118 patient-years, were included in this international retrospective study...
April 5, 2024: Blood
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah Schmid, Christine Uecker, Antje Fröhlich, Jost Langhorst
Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is characterized by a variety of non-specific symptoms. One of the leading symptoms is fatigue. So far, there is no evidence-based causal therapy established and treatment of PCS is primarily symptom-oriented. The Clinic for Internal and Integrative Medicine in Bamberg, Germany, offers a comprehensive multimodal integrative inpatient therapy for PCS patients. Within a prospective uncontrolled observational study, the results of N = 79 patients were analysed. Post-COVID fatigue patients were hospitalized for up to 14 days...
April 5, 2024: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miriam A Schüler, Rolf Daniel, Anja Poehlein
The global pathogen Clostridioides difficile is a well-studied organism, and researchers work on unraveling its fundamental virulence mechanisms and biology. Prophages have been demonstrated to influence C. difficile toxin expression and contribute to the distribution of advantageous genes. All these underline the importance of prophages in C. difficile virulence. Although several C. difficile prophages were sequenced and characterized, investigations on the entire active virome of a strain are still missing...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
#33
Pavithra Devi, Anand Hatgaonkar, Viram Tanksale, Vaishali Dhawan, Akhilesh Kamble, Meet Jobanputra
Paraduodenal hernia is a type of internal hernia caused by defects in the peritoneum during fetal development. It is one of the uncommon causes of intestinal obstruction; diagnosing it and intervening promptly are required. In this case report, we describe our experience treating an adult male patient who presented with symptoms of acute small bowel obstruction and was later diagnosed with internal hernia on further evaluation. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the importance of imaging modalities, particularly computed tomography (CT) scan, in diagnosing these cases...
March 2024: Curēus
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Muhammad, Manacy Pai, A H Sruthi Anil Kumar, P R Lekshmi, T V Sekher
BACKGROUND: Most studies on later-life health in India focus on families, with far less attention given to the health repercussions of neighbourhood conditions among older Indians. We address this limitation in existing research by examining the associations between perceptions of neighbourhood safety and social cohesion and sleep duration and sleep quality among older adults in India. METHODS: Data come from the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE), India 2015 wave 2, with a sample of 7118 adults aged 50 years and above...
April 4, 2024: Psychogeriatrics: the Official Journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society
#35
REVIEW
Mikael Tiger, Giulio Castelpietra, Rikke Wesselhoeft, Johan Lundberg, Johan Reutfors
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been concerns over the mental health impact of COVID-19. This is a review of the utilization of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared on March the 11th 2020. A number of reports so far have been based on large prescription databases for administrative use at the national or regional level, but mainly in high-income countries. We found studies reporting increased prescription rates of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics during March 2020, which has been interpreted as hoarding of such medications...
April 4, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isaac Brotons-Alcázar, Jason S Terreblanche, Silvia Giménez-Santamarina, Gerliz M Gutiérrez-Finol, Karl S Ryder, Alicia Forment-Aliaga, Eugenio Coronado
Developing new functionalities of two-dimensional materials (2Dms) can be achieved by their chemical modification with a broad spectrum of molecules. This functionalization is commonly studied by using spectroscopies such as Raman, IR, or XPS, but the detection limit is a common problem. In addition, these methods lack detailed spatial resolution and cannot provide information about the homogeneity of the coating. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), on the other hand, allows the study of 2Dms on the nanoscale with excellent lateral resolution...
April 3, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
#37
Ahmad M Mansour, Sami H Uwaydat, Rola Hamam, Haytham I Salti
INTRODUCTION: Nanophthalmos is characterized by a short axial length, a thick choroid, and a thick sclera. Unilateral symptomatic disc swelling in nanophthalmos presents both a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge. CASE PRESENTATION: A healthy 59-year-old man reported a two-week-long abrupt vision reduction in his right eye. 20/100 best spectacle (+17.25 diopter) corrected visual acuity, unilateral widespread disc enlargement, central scotoma, and a slight color vision disruption without an afferent pupillary defect were among the positive findings in the right eye...
2024: Case Reports in Ophthalmology
#38
Grant T Fairchild, Desiree E Holler, Sara Fabbri, Michael A Gomez, Jacqueline C Walsh-Snow
UNLABELLED: Egocentric distance and real-world size are important cues for object perception and action. Nevertheless, most studies of human vision rely on two-dimensional pictorial stimuli that convey ambiguous distance and size information. Here, we use fMRI to test whether pictures are represented differently in the human brain from real, tangible objects that convey unambiguous distance and size cues. Participants directly viewed stimuli in two display formats (real objects and matched printed pictures of those objects) presented at different egocentric distances (near and far)...
March 17, 2024: bioRxiv
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Cioccarelli, Dimitri Giunchi, Enrica Pollonara, Giovanni Casini, Verner P Bingman, Anna Gagliardo
Within their familiar areas homing pigeons rely on familiar visual landscape features and landmarks for homing. However, the neural basis of visual landmark-based navigation has been so far investigated mainly in relation to the role of the hippocampal formation. The avian visual Wulst is the telencephalic projection field of the thalamofugal pathway that has been suggested to be involved in processing lateral visual inputs that originate from the far visual field. The Wulst is therefore a good candidate for a neural structure participating in the visual control of familiar visual landmark-based navigation...
March 28, 2024: Behavioural Brain Research
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prashant Bharadwaj Kalvapalle, Swetha Sridhar, Jonathan J Silberg, Lauren B Stadler
Microbial biosensors that convert environmental information into real-time visual outputs are limited in their sensing abilities in complex environments, such as soil and wastewater, due to optical inaccessibility. Biosensors that could record transient exposure to analytes within a large time window for later retrieval represent a promising approach to solve the accessibility problem. Here, we test the performance of recombinase-memory biosensors that sense a sugar (arabinose) and a microbial communication molecule (3-oxo-C12-L-homoserine lactone) over 8 days (~70 generations) following analyte exposure...
March 29, 2024: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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