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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claire Cordella, Lauren Di Filippo, Vijaya B Kolachalama, Swathi Kiran
PURPOSE: Speech fluency has important diagnostic implications for individuals with poststroke aphasia (PSA) as well as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and quantitative assessment of connected speech has emerged as a widely used approach across both etiologies. The purpose of this review was to provide a clearer picture on the range, nature, and utility of individual quantitative speech/language measures and methods used to assess connected speech fluency in PSA and PPA, and to compare approaches across etiologies...
April 23, 2024: American Journal of Speech-language Pathology
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nasir Ali, Budhi Singh, Pawan Kumar Srivastava, Fida Ali, Myeongjin Lee, Hyokwang Park, Hoseong Shin, Kwangro Lee, Hyungyu Choi, Sungwon Lee, Tien Dat Ngo, Yasir Hassan, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Changgu Lee, Won Jong Yoo
The interplay between strong Coulomb interactions and kinetic energy leads to intricate many-body competing ground states owing to quantum fluctuations in 2D electron and hole gases. However, the simultaneous observation of quantum critical phenomena in both electron and hole regimes remains elusive. Here, we utilize anisotropic black phosphorus (BP) to show density-driven metal-insulator transition with a critical conductance ∼ e 2 / h which highlights the significant role of quantum fluctuations in both hole and electron regimes...
April 23, 2024: ACS Nano
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chelsea K Brown, Cara L Wallace
With increased need for palliative care and limited staffing resources, non-social workers are increasingly responsible for screening for urgent psychosocial distress. The National Consensus Project guidelines call for all palliative care team members to be competent in screening across domains. Yet, in contrast to an abundance of evidence-informed tools for palliative social work assessments, standardization for interprofessional psychosocial screening is lacking. This lack of standardized practice may lead to harmful disparities in care delivery...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Social Work in End-of-life & Palliative Care
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhenxing Niu, Yuyao Sun, Qiguang Miao, Rong Jin, Gang Hua
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to both backdoor and adversarial attacks. In the literature, these two types of attacks are commonly treated as distinct robustness problems and solved separately, since they belong to training-time and inference-time attacks respectively. However, this paper revealed that there is an intriguing connection between them: (1) planting a backdoor into a model will significantly affect the model's adversarial examples; (2) for an infected model, its adversarial examples have similar features as the triggered images...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
#5
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Chung-You Tsai, Shang-Ju Hsieh, Hung-Hsiang Huang, Juinn-Horng Deng, Yi-You Huang, Pai-Yu Cheng
PURPOSE: To compare ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5's performance on Taiwan urology board examination (TUBE), focusing on answer accuracy, explanation consistency, and uncertainty management tactics to minimize score penalties from incorrect responses across 12 urology domains. METHODS: 450 multiple-choice questions from TUBE(2020-2022) were presented to two models. Three urologists assessed correctness and consistency of each response. Accuracy quantifies correct answers; consistency assesses logic and coherence in explanations out of total responses, alongside a penalty reduction experiment with prompt variations...
April 23, 2024: World Journal of Urology
#6
MULTICENTER STUDY
Reuben Ben-David, Francesco Pellegrino, Parissa Alerasool, Neeraja Tillu, Etienne Lavallee, Kyrollis Attalla, Nikhil Waingankar, Sfakianos P John, Reza Mehrazin, Marco Moschini, Alberto Martini, Sebastian Edeling, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Peter Wiklund
BACKGROUND: Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) offers decreased blood loss during surgery, shorter hospital length of stay, and lower risk for thromboembolic events without hindering oncological outcomes. Cutaneous ureterostomies (UCS) are a seldom utilized diversion that can be a suitable alternative for a selected group of patients with competing co-morbidities and limited life expectancy. OBJECTIVE: To describe operative and perioperative characteristics as well as oncological outcomes for patients that underwent RARC + UCS...
April 23, 2024: World Journal of Urology
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha J Worthy, María N Umaña, Caicai Zhang, Luxiang Lin, Min Cao, Nathan G Swenson
Ecologists have historically sought to identify the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of local species diversity. High-dimensional trait-based relationships, such as alternative phenotypes, have been hypothesized as important for maintaining species diversity such that phenotypically dissimilar individuals compete less for resources but have similar performance in a given environment. The presence of alternative phenotypes has primarily been investigated at the community level, despite the importance of intraspecific variation to diversity maintenance...
April 23, 2024: Oecologia
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siyang Liu, Heng Wan, Sheng Nie, Huanyi Cao, Lan Liu, Hua Liang, Hong Xu, Bicheng Liu, Chunbo Chen, Huafeng Liu, Qiongqiong Yang, Hua Li, Yaozhong Kong, Guisen Li, Qijun Wan, Yan Zha, Ying Hu, Gang Xu, Yongjun Shi, Yilun Zhou, Guobin Su, Ying Tang, Mengchun Gong, Aixin Guo, Jianping Weng, Hongjiang Wu, Fan Fan Hou, Jie Shen
BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy interventions for alleviating the risk of dementia remains controversial, particularly about dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors versus metformin. Our objective was to investigate whether the initiation of DPP4 inhibitors, as opposed to metformin, was linked to a reduced risk of dementia. METHODS: We included individuals with type 2 diabetes over 40 years old who were new users of DPP4 inhibitors or metformin in the Chinese Renal Disease Data System (CRDS) database between 2009 and 2020...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claudia R Sotomayor, Christopher Spevak, Edward R Grant
Clinical Ethics Consultation (CEC) has grown significantly in the last decade, and efforts are being made to professionalize the practice. The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) has been instrumental in this process, having published the Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibilities for Healthcare Ethics Consultants and founded and endorsed the creation of the Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certified (HCEC) Certification Commission. The ASBH also published "core competencies" for healthcare ethics consultants and has delineated a clear identity and role of such consultants distinct from that other healthcare professionals...
April 23, 2024: HEC Forum
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Brehm, Liridona Hoti, Myriam C Sander, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Anja Gampe, Moritz M Daum
In the present study, we investigated the cognitive processes underlying selective word learning in preschoolers. We measured rhythmic neural activity in the theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha frequency range (7-12 Hz) in 67 four-year-olds. EEG was recorded during anticipation and encoding of novel labeling events performed by a speaker who had previously shown either competence (correct) or incompetence (incorrect) in labeling familiar objects. In both groups, children selected the target object equally often upon recall...
April 22, 2024: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David H Miller, Carlie A LaLone, Daniel L Villeneuve, Gerald T Ankley
Accounting for intraspecific and interspecific competition when assessing the effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors is an important uncertainty in ecological risk assessments. We developed novel projection of interspecific competition (PIC) matrices that allow for analysis of population dynamics of two or more species exposed to a given stressor(s) that compete for shared resources within a landscape. We demonstrate the application of PIC matrices to investigate the population dynamics of two hypothetical fish species that compete with one another and have differences in net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of population increase...
April 23, 2024: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marek Niedoszytko, Aleksandra Gorska, Knut Brockow, Patrizia Bonadonna, Magdalena Lange, Hanneke Kluin-Nelemans, Hanneke Oude-Elberink, Vito Sabato, Khalid Shoumariyeh, Dagmar von Bubnoff, Sabine Müller, Anja Illerhaus, Michael Doubek, Irena Angelova-Fischer, Olivier Hermine, Michel Arock, Chiara Elena, Luca Malcovati, Akif Selim Yavuz, Tanja Daniela Schug, Anna Belloni Fortina, Várkonyi Judit, Jason Gotlib, Jens Panse, Vladan Vucinic, Andreas Reiter, Juliana Schwaab, Massimo Triggiani, Mattias Mattsson, Christine Breynaert, Jan Romantowski, Roberta Zanotti, Elisa Olivieri, Alexander Zink, Annick van de Ven, Alex Stefan, Stephane Barete, Francesca Caroppo, Cecelia Perkins, Vanessa Kennedy, Deborah Christen, Mohamad Jawhar, Johannes Luebke, Roberta Parente, Kerstin Levedahl, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Karin Hartmann, Boguslaw Nedoszytko, Wolfgang R Sperr, Peter Valent
BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity reactions (HR) are common in mastocytosis. However, little is known about triggers and risk factors. The registry of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM) enables reliable studies in a larger cohort of mastocytosis patients. We assessed prevalence, triggers and risk factors of HR in adults with mastocytosis in the ECNM registry. METHODS: Data were collected in 27 ECNM centers. We analyzed potential triggers (Hymenoptera venoms, food, drug, inhalant and others) and risk factors at diagnosis and during follow-up...
April 23, 2024: Allergy
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashis Chhetri, Ashmita Biswas, Sumana Podder, Ramendra Sundar Dey, Joyee Mitra
Electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation to ammonia (NH3 ), a precursor for fertilizer production and a promising energy carrier, has garnered widespread interest as an environment-friendly and sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive fossil-feedstock-dependent Haber-Bosch process. The large-scale deployment of this process is contingent on the identification of inexpensive, Earth-abundant systems that can operate efficiently, irrespective of the electrolyte pH for the selective production of NH3 . In this regard, we discuss the scalable synthesis of VO2 anchored on N-doped carbon (VO2@CN), and its applicability as a robust electrocatalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR)...
April 23, 2024: Nanoscale
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erlend Vik, Tonje Hungnes, Ola K Mowinckel, Sølve Mikal K Nerland
BACKGROUND: We wished to examine the role of the district medical officer in five Norwegian municipalities to provide new knowledge of how the experience from the pandemic might have led to changes to the district medical officer's role. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 persons who had held key positions in local crisis management teams during and after the pandemic. The informants were recruited from five municipalities within the same county, and they all held leadership roles in health care (district medical officers), local politics or administration...
April 23, 2024: Tidsskrift for Den Norske Lægeforening: Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Række
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
TingLan Ma, Joseph A Costello, Ting Dong, Steven J Durning, Lauren A Maggio
INTRODUCTION: Physician educators are essential in training the next generation of physicians. However, physician educators' perspectives about what experiences they find beneficial to their teaching and the prevalence of these experiences remain unknown. Guided by social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and communities of practice (CoP), we explored what experiences physician educators perceive as beneficial in preparing them to teach. METHODS: In 2019, the Uniformed Services University School of Medicine in the United States surveyed its physician alumni to understand their education experiences during medical school, their current career path and what has contributed to their teaching role...
April 23, 2024: Clinical Teacher
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alan M Hall, Adam Gray, John W Ragsdale
BACKGROUND: Narrative written feedback given to students by faculty often fails to identify areas for improvement and recommended actions to lead to this improvement. When these elements are missing, it is challenging for students to improve and for medical schools to use narrative feedback in promotion decisions, to guide coaching plans and to pass on meaningful information to residency programs. Large-group faculty development has improved narrative written feedback, but less is known about individualised faculty development to supplement large-group sessions...
April 23, 2024: Clinical Teacher
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giorgia Borrelli, Ilaria Nittolo, Chiara Bochicchio, Laura Trainelli, Valerio Confalone, Tiziana Satta, Federica Cancani, Richard Kirk, Antonio Amodeo, Matteo Di Nardo
Background: Cardiogenic shock in children still carries a high mortality risk despite advances in medical therapy. The use of temporary mechanical circulatory supports is an accepted strategy to bridge patients with acute heart failure to recovery, decision, transplantation or destination therapy. These devices are however limited in children and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains the most commonly used device. Veno-arterial ECMO may provide adequate oxygen delivery, but it does not significantly unload the left ventricle, and this may prevent recovery...
April 2024: Perfusion
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aya Saitoh, Tomoe Yokono, Momoe Sakagami, Michi Kashiwa, Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama, Mieko Uchiyama
Given the past limitations on clinical practice training during the COVID-19 pandemic, a hybrid format program was developed, combining a time-lapse unfolding case study and high-fidelity simulation. This study assesses the effectiveness of a new form of clinical training from the perspective of student nurses. A questionnaire was administered to 159 second-year nursing students enrolled in the "Basic Nursing Practice II" course. Text mining was performed using quantitative text analysis for the following items: (1) aspects that were learned more deeply, (2) benefits, and (3) difficulties encountered with the new practice format...
April 18, 2024: Nursing Reports
#19
REVIEW
Luisa Sist, Stefania Chiappinotto, Rossella Messina, Paola Rucci, Alvisa Palese
Background: The concept of unfinished nursing care (UNC) describes nursing interventions required by patients and families that nurses postpone or omit. UNC reasons have been documented; however, no studies have summarised the underlying factors triggering the UNC during the pandemic. Therefore, the aim was to synthesise the available studies exploring factors affecting UNC during a pandemic. Methods: We conducted an integrative review following Whittemore and Knafl's framework according to the Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...
March 27, 2024: Nursing Reports
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Flora Ioannidou, Frouke Hermens
The effects of social (eye gaze, pointing gestures) and symbolic (arrows) cues on observers' attention are often studied by presenting such cues in isolation and at fixation. Here, we extend this work by embedding cues in natural scenes. Participants were presented with a single cue (Experiment 1) or a combination of cues (Experiment 2) embedded in natural scenes and were asked to 'simply look at the images' while their eye movements were recorded to assess the effects of the cues on (overt) attention. Single-gaze and pointing cues were fixated for longer than arrows but at the cost of shorter dwell times on the cued object...
April 16, 2024: Vision
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