Galectin 1 lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and there is limited research on its tumor microenvironment (TME). Nevertheless, more and more studies have evidence that TME has essential effects on tumor cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. Thus, it is critical to elucidate the role of TME in PCNSL. The understanding of the PCNSL TME is gradually unfolding, including factors that distinguish it from systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)...

We aimed to investigate galectin-1 overexpression induces normal fibroblasts (NFs) translates into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Galectin-1 overexpression was conducted in Human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HFL1) cell. The motilities of H1299 and A549 cells were measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and tube formation ability were assessed. Tumor volume and tumor weight was recorded. Cells motilities were increased, while apoptosis rates were decreased after CMs co-cultured...

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) is related to the exhaustion of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the mechanism of TIM3-mediated CD8+ TILs exhaustion in DLBCL remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the potential pathway involved in TIM3-mediated CD8+ TILs exhaustion and its significance in DLBCL. METHODS: The expression of TIM3 and its correlation with CD8+ TILs exhaustion, the key ligand of TIM3, and the potential pathway of TIM3-mediated CD8+ TILs exhaustion in DLBCL were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing and validated by RNA sequencing...

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation of thyroid (SETTLE) is very rare neoplasm with 2 cellular forms, epithelial cell and spindle cell, and most reported cases have been in young people. An 11-year-old boy presented with painless swelling of the right neck lasting for more than 2 months. A tumor size measuring approximately 3 × 3 cm was resected, and intraoperative frozen pathology suggested a spindle cell tumor, which was confirmed as SETTLE by immunohistochemical staining and external hospital consultation...

During innate immune responses, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) functions as a critical signaling adaptor protein integrating stimuli from toll-like receptors (TLR) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and translates them into specific cellular outcomes. In B cells, somatic mutations in MyD88 trigger oncogenic NF-κB signaling independent of receptor stimulation, which leads to the development of B-cell malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and downstream signaling targets remain unresolved...

The immune regulator galectin-9 (Gal-9) is commonly involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, but with various impacts depending on the cell type. Here, we revealed that Gal-9 expression was persistently increased in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected primary B cells from the stage of early infection to the stage of mature lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). This sustained upregulation paralleled that of gene sets related to cell proliferation, such as oxidative phosphorylation, cell cycle activation, and DNA replication...

Cancers utilize a variety of molecules to escape host immune responses. Better understanding the immune environment surrounding cancer may facilitate application of innovative cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, to dogs as well as humans. In this study, we screened the expression of 20 immune regulatory molecules in diverse canine tumors (n = 59). Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that some immune regulatory molecules, such as LGALS9 (coding Galectin-9) and CD48, were expressed in most canine tumors, but other molecules, such as CD274 (coding PD-L1), IL4I1, PVR, TNFSF18, ICOSLG, and TNFSF4, were rarely expressed...

The galectin family of proteins has high affinity with β-galactoside-containing glycans. These proteins participate in cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion, cell signal transduction, cell apoptosis, and other cellular activities. In recent years, a large number of studies have described the expression and correlation of galectins in different tumors. Each member of the family plays a vital role in tumor growth, progression, angiogenesis, adhesion, and tumor immune escape. Studies on the roles of galectins in lymphoma have mainly involved galectin-1, -3, -7, and -9...

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by an indolent clinical course and a high relapse rate, and often exhibits a diffuse pattern beyond the follicular area. Our group previously reported that immune checkpoint (ICP) pathways, such as programmed cell death (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), are poor prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. In this study, the association between the expression of multiple ICP molecules according to immunohistochemistry and clinicopathological features in FL was determined via immunostaining of 173 biopsy samples...

BACKGROUND: Strategies to reinvigorate exhausted T cells have achieved great efficacy in certain subpopulations of tumor patients. Blocking the antibodies that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 induces durable responses in Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, renal and lung cancers. T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) is another well-defined inhibitory receptor that is expressed in terminally differentiated Th1/Tc1 cells, which produces interferon gamma and cytotoxic molecules...

Acute or lymphomatous type adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy with poor prognosis. We previously reported that programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression could predict ATLL outcomes. However, the roles of other immune checkpoint molecules remain largely unknown in ATLL. Our aim in this study was to explore the clinicopathological impacts of immune checkpoint molecules in ATLL. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 69 ATLL patients with antibodies against the following: PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), OX40, OX40 ligand (OX40L), CD137, CD137 ligand (CD137L), Galectin-9, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activating-3 (LAG-3), CD80, CD86, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR), GITR ligand (GITRL), and programmed death-1 (PD-1)...

Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been associated with adverse prognosis in several cancers including lymphoma entities with CD30 expression. However, Gal-1 expression has not been systematically assessed in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). Specimens from 169 nodal PTCL were assessed for intratumoural Gal-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival (OS) in groups exhibiting high and low Gal-1 expression was compared in the cohort and in a subset analysis of CD30-positive PTCL only. Gal-1 expression was also correlated with biomarkers of the tumour microenvironment...

Malignant melanomas (MMs) represent 7% of all malignant neoplasms in dogs. Oral melanocytic neoplasms are often malignant and associated with poor prognosis. There are no universally accepted prognostic markers for canine oral melanoma. Galectin (Gal)-3 is a prognostic marker for human neoplasms such as thyroid, gastric, colorectal and prostate cancers. The protein is related to processes that favour cancer progression, such as angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to characterize the immunohistochemical expression of Gal-3 in canine oral melanomas and to compare it with post-surgical survival, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and other known prognostic tools...

Research using mouse lymphoma cell lines has resulted in many reports of glycosylation being a key regulator for the distant metastasis of mouse lymphoma cells in animal models. In contrast, there are only a few reports of experiments examining human lymphoma cell metastasis. The glycosylation pattern in human lymphoma shows that loss of Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin (L-PHA) reactive oligosaccharides, and sialylation of L-PHA reactive oligosaccharides, are closely associated with a worse prognosis for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients...

Galectin-9 is the most potent inducer of cell death in lymphomas and other malignant cell types among the members of the galectin family. We investigated the mechanism of galectin-9-induced cell death in PC-3 prostate cancer cells in comparison with in Jurkat T cells. Galectin-9 induced apoptotic cell death in Jurkat cells, as typically revealed by DNA ladder formation. On the other hand, DNA ladder formation and other features of apoptosis were not apparent in PC-3 cells undergoing galectin-9-induced death...

INTRODUCTION: Most of the subjects undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy do not have neoplastic bowel lesions. Potentially, some of the symptoms may therefore be caused by extracolonic malignancy, and subjects with persisting symptoms may need subsequent examinations. Blood-based, cancer-associated biomarkers may aid in directing the examinations for other specific malignant diseases. METHODS: EDTA plasma samples available from a previous prospective study of subjects undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy were used for analysis of 18 protein biomarkers...

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Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) express multiple immunoregulatory proteins that shape the cHL microenvironment and allow tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. Expression of certain immunoregulatory proteins is modulated by prosurvival transcription factors, such as NFκB and STATs. Because these factors also induce expression of the oncogenic PIM1/2/3 serine/threonine kinases, and as PIMs modulate transcriptional activity of NFκB and STATs, we hypothesized that these kinases support RS cell survival and foster their immune privilege...

Cancer immunotherapy using cytotoxic T cells demonstrates dramatic survival benefits in lymphomas, but its efficacy in solid tumors is limited. Here, we investigated the possibility of using cytotoxic T cells to treat malignant Schwannoma, a rare but aggressive nerve sheath tumor, by examining the native T-cell immunity in the host. We found that compared to CD8+ T cells from healthy controls or benign Schwannoma patients, the CD8+ T cells from malignant Schwannoma patients were present at normal frequencies but were substantially enriched with PD-1- TIM-3+ and PD-1+ TIM-3+ cells...

Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is known to regulate cell signaling within the immune system and may be a target for new anticancer immune therapy. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), high levels of Gal-1 within the tumor microenvironment were associated with worse disease state or poor outcome. Gal-1 can be secreted from cells by an unknown mechanism, and levels in blood samples were associated with high tumor burden and worse disease state in cHL and CLL patients. However, serum levels of Gal-1 have never been investigated in patients with multiple myeloma (MM)...