colon rectal cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most widespread cancer among Palestinian patients. As cancer care improves in hospitals across the West Bank, services like palliative care, targeted therapy, bone marrow transplantation, and individualized therapy are still limited. This study aimed to assess the CRC stages, treatment protocols, and survival rates of patients in the West Bank. Methodology: This retrospective study collected data from the medical records of Al-Najah University Hospital (NUH), which specializes in the care of cancer patients...

BACKGROUND: The territory of D3-D4 lymphadenectomy for upper rectal and sigmoid colon cancer varies, and its oncological efficacy is unclear. This prospective study aimed to standardize the surgical technique of robotic D3-D4 lymphadenectomy and clarify its oncologic significance. METHODS: Patients with upper rectal or sigmoid colon cancer with clinically suspected more than N2 lymph node metastasis were prospectively recruited to undergo standardized robotic D3-D4 lymphadenectomy...

We undertook a retrospective study to compare the quality of care delivered to a cohort of newly diagnosed adults with colon, rectal or anal cancer during the early phase of COVID-19 (02/20-12/20) relative to the same period in the year prior (the comparator cohort), and examine the impact of the pandemic on 2-year disease progression and all-cause mortality. We observed poorer performance on a number of quality measures, such as approximately three times as many patients in the COVID-19 cohort experienced 30-day post-surgical readmission (10...

PURPOSE: To mitigate the increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence globally and prevent CRC at the individual level, individual lifestyle information needs to be easily translated into CRC risk assessment. Several CRC risk prediction models exist and their clinical usefulness depends on their ease of use. Our objectives were to assess and externally validate the LiFeCRC score in our independent, unselected population and to investigate the use of simpler food frequency measurements in the score...

BACKGROUND: An unexpectedly large number of patients experienced local recurrence with transanal total mesorectal excision in Norway. This appears to be associated with cancer cell spillage during surgery. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical field cytology during transanal total mesorectal excision. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at a single center between June and December 2020...

Given that colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality, mucinous adenocarcinoma is one of the subtypes and is characterized by the presence of mucin-producing tumor cells with mucin components and is more challenging to manage. In Saudi Arabia, it represents approximately 10-15% of all colorectal carcinoma. The main etiological cause of mucinous adenocarcinoma is yet not well understood. The main goal of our study is to discuss the histopathology and the molecular background of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma and also to provide an update on its prognosis and therapeutics from recent published literature...

AIM: Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the treatment of choice for colorectal cancer (CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease. CRC may also be discovered incidentally at IPAA for other indications. We sought to determine whether incidentally found CRC at IPAA was associated with worse outcomes. METHODS: Our institutional pouch registry (1983-2021) was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with CRC at pathology after IPAA were divided into two groups: a preoperative diagnosis (PreD) group and an incidental diagnosis (InD) group...

Neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced colorectal cancer has made great progress in the past 20 years, but there are still limitations such as side effects, organ dysfunction and unsatisfactory control of metastasis. In recent years, with the improvement of surgical techniques and further development of molecular research, how to further improve local control, reduce distant metastasis, and even avoid surgery according to clinical remission to achieve organ preservation, is the current demand and research goal...

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has achieved exciting efficacy with high clinical complete response (cCR) and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and durable long-term effects. PD-1 checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy has been highly successful in microsatellite instability high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) colorectal cancer and has been recommended as the first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer by domestic and international guidelines. Several studies have shown that immunotherapy can be a potentially curable treatment for MSI-H rectal cancer and has even shown promise in organ preservation in colon cancer...

Introduction Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication in colon and rectal cancer surgeries, contributing to increased mortality rates and extended hospital stays. Despite various preventive measures, including intraoperative assessments and transanal drains, the incidence of anastomotic leakage remains a significant concern. This study investigates the potential efficacy of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets in reducing anastomotic leakage rates in gastrointestinal surgeries. Materials & methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2021 and January 2023 at Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital, and Haibara General Hospital...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are crucial tools for clinicians seeking to deliver evidence-based patient care. We utilized the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) checklist to assess the reporting quality of CPGs addressing the management of rectal cancer. METHODS: Four multidisciplinary rectal cancer CPGs published 2017-2022 were evaluated: American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study investigates temporal trends in gastrointestinal cancer-related mortality in the United States between 1999 and 2020, focusing on differences by sex, age, and race. METHODS: We investigated the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research multiple causes of death database (Years 1999-2020) for gastrointestinal cancer-related mortality with a focus on the underlying cause of death. RESULTS: A total of 3 115 243 gastrointestinal cancer-related deaths occurred from 1999 to 2020...

Robotic resection is widely used to treat colorectal cancer. Although the novel natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) results in less trauma, its safety and effectiveness are relatively unknown. In the present study, we used propensity score matching to compare the effectiveness and safety of NOSES and robotic resection for treating colorectal cancer. Present retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent robotic colon and rectal cancer surgery between January 2016 and December 2019 at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University...

The recognized importance of microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer has evolved considerably in the past 30 years. From its beginnings as a molecular predictor for Lynch syndrome, MSI first transitioned to a universal screening test in all colorectal and endometrial cancers, substantially increasing the identification of patients with Lynch syndrome among cancer patients. More recently, MSI has been shown to be a powerful biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy across a diversity of tumor types, and in 2017 was granted Food and Drug Administration approval as the first tumor histology-agnostic biomarker for a cancer therapy...

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting patients with germline mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene. The surgical treatment of colorectal disease in FAP, which has the goal of colorectal cancer prevention, varies based on both patient and disease factors but can include the following: total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, proctocolectomy with stapled or hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, or total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy...

Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has fast become the paradigm in the management of rectal cancer. The widespread adoption of this approach across the world, not only for locally advanced cancers but even for cancers that otherwise would not merit chemotherapy, leads both to an increase in treatment-related toxicity for patients and burdens the healthcare services of the country. It is important to tailor treatment to each patient based not only on the tumour but, even more importantly, on the patient's expectations and goals...

Hereditary colorectal cancer has been an area of focus for research and public health practitioners due to our ability to quantify risk and then act based on such results by enrolling patients in surveillance programs. The wide access to genetic testing and whole-genome sequencing has resulted in identifying many low/moderate penetrance genes. Above all, our understanding of the family component of colorectal cancer has been improving. Polygenic scores are becoming part of the risk assessment for many cancers, and the data about polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer is promising...

Applying the concept of a "natural history" to hereditary colorectal cancer is an interesting exercise because the way the syndromes are approached has changed so drastically. However, the exercise is instructive as it forces us to think in depth about where we are, where we have been, and, most helpfully, about where we may be going. In this article the diagnosis, along with endoscopic and surgical management of hereditary colorectal cancer are discussed in the context of their history and the changes in genomics and technology that have occurred over the last one hundred years...

Patients with Lynch syndrome are predisposed to developing colorectal cancer and a variety of extracolonic malignancies, at a young age. The management of rectal cancer in the setting of Lynch syndrome is a complex clinical scenario that requires the expertise of a multidisciplinary management team. In this review, we delve into the approach for rectal cancer in these patients, and specifically focus on several key aspects of treatment. Some unique aspects of rectal cancer in Lynch syndrome include the decision between proctectomy alone versus total proctocolectomy with or without an ileal pouch, the utility of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, nonoperative rectal cancer management, and the management of rectal polyps...

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