Radiology, Nuclear Medicine

The diagnostic reference level (DRL) is a patient-exposure optimization tool used to evaluate radiation doses in medical imaging and provide guidance for protection from them. In Thailand, nuclear medicine DRLs have not been established yet. Therefore, this study surveyed dose levels in routine nuclear medicine procedures to provide national DRLs (NDRLs). Methods: NDRLs in Thailand were established by investigating the administered activity of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine examination studies. The NDRLs were determined on the basis of the 75th percentile (third quartile) of administered activity distribution as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection...

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with increasing incidence, whose diagnosis is usually delayed, negatively impacting on patients' prognosis. The latest advances in pathological classifications, biomarker identification and imaging techniques may provide early detection, leading to personalized treatment strategies. In this narrative review the recent developments in diagnosis of NEN are discussed including progresses in pathological classifications, biomarker and imaging...

OBJECTIVE: Escalating global challenges such as disasters, conflict, and climate change underline the importance of addressing Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) terrorism for sustainable public health strategies. This study aims to provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of CBRN incidents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable responses to safeguard healthcare infrastructures. METHODS: Utilizing a retrospective approach, this research analyzes data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) covering the period from 2003 to 2020...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines provide recommendations for the management of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa). This paper aims to present a summary of the 2024 version of the EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised PCa...

This review aims to furnish an updated assessment of the societal healthcare load, including cancer and cardiovascular disease resulting from diagnostic radiologic operations. The previously projected additional cancer risk of 0.9% in a United States 2004 study referred to radiological conditions in 1996 with an X-ray exposure of 0.50 millisievert (mSv) per capita annually. Radiological exposure (radiology + nuclear medicine) has escalated to 2.29 mSv (2016) per capita per year. Low-dose exposures were previously assumed to have a lower biological impact, since they allow the DNA repair system to mitigate molecular damage...

A 56-year-old man with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma received combined 177Lu-FAP-2286 radiation therapy and targeted therapy. After 1 treatment cycle, improvement of symptoms and radiological remission was observed. Moreover, the patient did not report any adverse effects.

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In this episode of the AJR Podcast Series on Wellness, Sherry Wang, MBBS, discusses feeling unwell. The episode addresses the state of physician burnout, depression, moral injury, and personal experiences.

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Large language models (LLMs) hold immense potential to revolutionize radiology. However, their integration into practice requires careful consideration. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and general-purpose LLMs have potential pitfalls related to privacy, transparency, and accuracy, limiting their current clinical readiness. Thus, LLM-based tools must be optimized for radiology practice to overcome these limitations. While research and validation for radiology applications remain in their infancy, commercial products incorporating LLMs are becoming available alongside promises of transforming practice...

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OBJECTIVE: To assess pediatric disaster medicine (PDM) instruction in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs and to identify barriers to integrating these skills into EM training. METHODS: National survey study of United States EM Residency Program Directors (PDs) and Assistant PDs during the 2021-2022 academic year. RESULTS: Of the 186 EM residency programs identified, a total of 24 responses were recorded with a response rate of 12.9 percent...

OBJECTIVE: Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents are a major challenge for emergency medical services and the involved hospitals, especially if decontamination needs to be performed nearby or even within the hospital campus. The University Hospital Wuerzburg has developed a comprehensive and alternative CBRN response plan. The focus of this study was to proof the practicability of the concept, the duration of the decontamination process, and the temperature management...

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiology plays a significant role in the scientific study of ischemic stroke, and has attracted increasing interest from researchers in the field. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis is lacking in this field. The purpose of this study is to identify the current research status and hotspots of ischemic stroke pathophysiology from a bibliometric perspective. METHODS: The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for articles published from 1990 to 2022...

Radiological and nuclear medicine methods play a fundamental role in the diagnosis and staging of patients with lung cancer. Imaging is essential in the detection, characterisation, staging and follow-up of lung cancer. Due to the increasing evidence, low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) screening for the early detection of lung cancer is being introduced to the clinical routine in several countries. Radiomics and radiogenomics are emerging fields reliant on artificial intelligence to improve diagnosis and personalised risk stratification...

INTRODUCTION: Uterine artery embolization is performed in pre-menopausal women. Understanding the contribution of radiation dose at each stage of the procedure is important for potential dose reduction. The aim was to retrospectively analyse radiation dose on a per-procedural-stage basis, comparing digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and conventional roadmap (CRM). METHODS: Group A consisted of 50 patients where DSA was used for road mapping at all stages: (I) Aortogram, (II) Left internal iliac artery (IIA) DSA, (III) Left uterine artery (UA) DSA, (IV) Right IIA DSA and (V) Right UA DSA...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly becoming a cornerstone in modern diagnostic healthcare, offering unparalleled capabilities in stroke, dementia, and cancer screening. Therefore, this study aims to map medical MRI literature affiliated with Arab countries, focusing on publication trends, top journals, author affiliations, study countries, and authors' collaboration, and keyword analysis. The scientific database used is the Scopus database. Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer software, and Biblioshiny for the Bibliometrix R package are the bibliometric tools used in this analysis...