Anesthesia Ventilation

BACKGROUND: End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) is a valuable marker of the return of adequate circulation following cardiac arrest due to medical causes. Previously, the prognostic value of capnography in trauma has been studied among limited populations in prehospital and emergency department settings. We aimed to investigate the relationship between early intraoperative EtCO2 and nonsurvival of patients undergoing emergency surgery at a level 1 academic trauma center as a case series...

We performed thoracoscopic pericardial fenestration for a 70-year-old man who suffered from refractory pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade. Under general anesthesia with differential lung ventilation, pericardial fenestration followed by needle aspiration of the enough pericardial effusion to obtain the working space was carried out by thoracoscopic surgery through the left thoracic space. Postoperative course was uneventful and reaccumulation of the pericardial fluid has not been observed more than 2 years after surgery...

Iatrogenic cranial nerve palsies can rarely complicate neurosurgical, oral maxillofacial, and otolaryngological procedures. Among the most serious complications of cranial nerve palsy is upper airway obstruction, which is life threatening. We present a case of multiple cranial nerve palsies evolving rapidly in a rostrocaudal stepwise fashion after infiltration of lidocaine to repair a cerebrospinal fluid leak in a patient postoccipital craniectomy. This led to hypoxic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation before resolving spontaneously...

Changes in stroke volume variation (SVV) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) in response to fluid infusion were experimentally evaluated during vecuronium infusion and sevoflurane anesthesia in 5 adult, mechanically ventilated, euvolemic, beagle dogs. Sequential increases in central venous pressure (CVP; 3-7[baseline], 8-12, 13-17, 18-22 and 23-27 mmHg) were produced by infusing lactated Ringer's solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. Heart rate (beats/min), right atrial pressure (RAP, mmHg), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP, mmHg), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP, mmHg), transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output (TPTDCO, L/min), stroke volume (SV, ml/beat), arterial blood pressure (ABP, mmHg), extravascular lung water (EVLW, ml), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI, calculated), SVV (%), PPV (%) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR, dynes/sec/cm(5)) were determined at each predetermined CVP range...

OBJECTIVE: Describe utilization and satisfaction in a specialty integrated care program for children with severe, chronic respiratory insufficiency (CRI). SUBJECTS: Enrollees of the Critical Care, Anesthesia, Perioperative Extension (CAPE) and Home Ventilation Program. METHODS: Children with CRI received home visits, care coordination, and "on-demand" 24/7 access to physicians. Program activity and outcomes were recorded for 3 years using an adapted Care Coordination Measurement Tool© version...

BACKGROUND: Monitoring respiratory status using end tidal CO2 (EtCO2), which reliably reflects arterial PaCO2 in intubated patients under general anesthesia, has often proven both inaccurate and inadequate when monitoring non-intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. This is particularly important in patients undergoing procedural sedation (e.g., endoscopy, colonoscopy). This can be undertaken in the operating theater, but is also often delivered outside the operating room by non-anesthesia providers...

BACKGROUND: The EasyTube (EzT) is a supraglottic airway device that is used for emergency airway situations. Ventilation during general anesthesia should also be feasible, but literature on the EzT is scarce. We evaluated the EzT in comparison with the endotracheal tube (ETT) in its use during general anesthesia in a comparative study. METHODS: A total of 400 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to II scheduled for minor surgery in 4 centers were randomized for ventilation via the ETT or EzT...

Objective To compare the clinical pharmacokinetics of rocuronium when applied according to fat-free mass versus real body weight during anesthetic induction of patients with lymphedema. Methods Sixty patients with lymphedema (age, 18-60 years; American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, I-II) undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Rocuronium was administered based on the fat-free mass in 30 patients and real body weight in 30 patients. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and remifentanil by target-controlled infusion...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Rac1/MAPK/ERK) signal pathway in rats with ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) and its mechanism. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into spontaneous respiration group, normal tidal volume (VT) group and high VT group with 10 rats in each group. The rats in spontaneous respiration group were kept their spontaneous breathing...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the nasal passage plays an important role in manual face mask ventilation, but this has yet to be quantitatively assessed. We conducted a prospective randomized crossover clinical trial to compare the change in pressure-controlled face mask tidal volume with and without nasal airway occlusion. METHOD: Female patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia served as study subjects. Patients were randomly assigned to face mask ventilation beginning either with or without nasal passage occlusion (achieved with a swimmer's nose clip), followed by removal or application of the nose clip, respectively...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Mask ventilation in geriatric and edentulous patients can be ineffective or even impossible because of the shape inside the patients' cheeks. For patients for whom a mask cannot be used for long, the use of a laryngeal mask can ease the administration of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the use of the laryngeal mask Unique(TM) in denticulate and edentulate patients aged over 65 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included patients according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists I-III classification, aged 65 years or more...

Embolic events including thromboembolism, air embolism, and amniotic fluid embolism can cause cardiovascular collapse during cesarean delivery. Differentiation between the three conditions is challenging because they share many of the initial clinical and echocardiographic findings, but an accurate, definitive diagnosis allows the administration of specific therapy that may help in saving the life of the mother and/or the fetus. We report a case of cardiovascular collapse during cesarean delivery under general anesthesia; massive pulmonary thromboembolism was suspected and unfractionated heparin was administered...

In daily practice, management of patients with blunt thoracic trauma is challenging for the anesthetist. Injuries of airways, lungs, diaphragm, heart and large vessels are the main difficulties.Respiratory and circulatory physiology in general is affected by general anesthesia, which may result in an increased number of perioperative complications. Therefore, anesthetic management of patients with thoracic trauma needs to address different clinical topics: management of difficult airways, intrinsic effects of anesthetics and mechanical ventilation on respiratory and cardiac function, the adequate replacement of blood loss as well as type and extent of the surgical intervention...

Congenital bronchial atresia is a relatively rare malformation that causes a segmental obstruction of the bronchus during the fetal period. The peripheral lung distal from the obstructed bronchus becomes hyperinflated because of the unidirectional flow through collateral check-valve entry. Positive pressure ventilation during general anesthesia may cause a rupture of the bulla, resulting in pneumothorax. An 8-year-old girl, who had to undergo oral surgery, was diagnosed as having congenital bronchial atresia and one-fifth of her lung was poorly ventilated...

AGC(®) (Automatic Gas Control) is the FLOW-i's automated low flow tool (Maquet, Solna, Sweden) that target controls the inspired O2 (FIO2) and end-expired desflurane concentration (FAdes) while (by design) exponentially decreasing fresh gas flow (FGF) during wash-in to a maintenance default FGF of 300 mL min(-1). It also offers a choice of wash-in speeds for the inhaled agents. We examined AGC performance and hypothesized that the use of lower wash-in speeds and N2O both reduce desflurane usage (Vdes). After obtaining IRB approval and patient consent, 78 ASA I-II patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 13 each), depending on carrier gas (O2/air or O2/N2O) and wash-in speed (AGC speed 2, 4, or 6) of desflurane, resulting in groups air/2, air/4, air/6, N2O/2, N2O/4, and N2O/6...

OBJECTIVE: To record the cardiopulmonary effects of pleural CO2 positive pressure insufflation in anesthetized horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: Seven horses (mean ± standard deviation, 530.9 ± 68.1 kg) undergoing terminal surgery. METHODS: Horses were sedated with xylazine. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine-propofol and maintained with isoflurane, positive pressure ventilation, detomidine infusion, and butorphanol with the horses in dorsal recumbency...

BACKGROUND: Protective lung ventilation (PLV) during one-lung ventilation (OLV) for thoracic surgery is frequently recommended to reduce pulmonary complications. However, limited outcome data exist on whether PLV use during OLV is associated with less clinically relevant pulmonary morbidity after lung resection. METHODS: Intraoperative data were prospectively collected in 1080 patients undergoing pulmonary resection with OLV, intentional crystalloid restriction, and mechanical ventilation to maintain inspiratory peak airway pressure <30 cm H2O...

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ventilation in obese patients with airway stenosis. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review was conducted in an academic practice in a tertiary care center. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience using LMA ventilation in obese patients with airway stenosis. Lowest intraoperative O2 saturation and maximum-end tidal carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels were recorded. Complications including intubation, unplanned admission, re-admission, postoperative pain, dysphonia, oral trauma, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and tracheostomy were recorded...