henle

BACKGROUND: Most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Currently, the mechanism for renal cyst formation remains unclear. Aqp2+ progenitor cells (AP) (re)generate ≥5 cell types including principal cells (PC) and intercalated cells (IC) in the late distal convoluted tubules (DCT2), connecting tubules (CNT), and collecting ducts (CD). METHODS: Here, we tested whether Pkd2 deletion in AP and their derivatives at different developmental stages is sufficient to induce PKD...

Since the membrane fluidity controls the cellular functions, it is important to identify the factors that determine the cell membrane viscosity. Cell membranes are composed of not only lipids and proteins but also polysaccharide chain-anchored molecules, such as glycolipids. To reveal the effects of grafted polymers on the membrane fluidity, in this study, we measured the membrane viscosity of polymer-grafted giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) which was prepared by introducing the poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-anchored lipids to the ternary GUVs composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and cholesterol...

Examining the intestinal cestode fauna of the shark species Carcharhinus dussumieri (Müller and Henle), C. sorrah (Müller and Henle), C. leucas (Müller and Henle), and Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell) from the Persian Gulf and C. macloti (Müller and Henle) from the Gulf of Oman resulted in the description of three new species of the tetraphyllidean genus Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1850, along with the establishment of new host and locality records. Anthobothrium afsanae sp. nov. and A...

The family Lernaeopodidae includes 14 genera parasitizing elasmobranchs. Fourteen species of this family have been cited from Argentina, four of which were found on chondrichthyans. Schroederichthys bivius Mller and Henle and Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus) from Argentina harbored parasitic copepods of the genus Lernaeopoda. The objective of this study was to identify the species using an integrative approach. The morphology was examined by Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy and the molecular analysis was based on partial sequences of the COI mtDNA gene...

Two new species of cestodes were described from the Brazilian guitarfish, Pseudobatos horkelii (Mller and Henle) (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae), from coastal waters off Argentina in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Rhinebothrium quequense n. sp. (Rhinebothriidea) differs from its congeners by a combination of morphological characters, including the total number of loculi, the absence of loculi at the level of bothridial constriction, the number of testes per proglottid, and the number of proglottids per worm...

Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we use integrative single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq) on insectivorous (Eptesicus fuscus; big brown bat) and frugivorous (Artibeus jamaicensis; Jamaican fruit bat) bat kidneys and pancreases and identify key cell population, gene expression and regulatory differences associated with the Jamaican fruit bat that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes...

Organoid technology is rapidly gaining ground for studies on organ (patho)physiology. Tubuloids are long-term expanding organoids grown from adult kidney tissue or urine. The progenitor state of expanding tubuloids comes at the expense of differentiation. Here, we differentiate tubuloids to model the distal nephron and collecting ducts, essential functional parts of the kidney. Differentiation suppresses progenitor traits and upregulates genes required for function. A single-cell atlas reveals that differentiation predominantly generates thick ascending limb and principal cells...

Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms governing aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and Wnt/β-Catenin pathways crosstalk is of paramount importance for elucidating normal development. We investigated the repercussions of aberrant activation of these signaling pathways on kidney development. HEK-293 cells were subjected to AHR and Wnt activators and inhibitors for 3 and 24 h. Subsequently, pregnant adult female BALB/c mice were administered treatments at gestation day 9 (GD-9), and embryos were analyzed at GD-18 using a combination of cellular, molecular, stereological, and histopathological techniques...

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics, multimodal imaging features, and anatomic basis of a distinctive pattern of deep retinal hemorrhages located in the central fovea, a presentation referred to as "central bouquet hemorrhage" (CBH). METHODS: Retrospective, observational, multicenter case series of eyes with CBH. Multimodal imaging features were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Ten eyes from 10 patients (4 women and 6 men), with a mean age of 55...

A preeminent quest of nineteenth-century visual neuroscience was to identify the anatomical elements of the retina that respond to light. A major breakthrough came in 1854, when Carl Bergmann discovered through direct observation that the human fovea contains only rods and cones. On this basis, he argued that these must necessarily be the light-sensitive elements (i.e., photoreceptors) that initiate vision. Bergmann also argued that Henle's fibers form part of the necessary anatomical link between these distal elements and the proximal ganglion cells, which transmit visual signals to the brain via the optic nerve...

Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHNNC) is a rare autosomal recessive renal tubulopathy disorder characterized by excessive urinary loss of calcium and magnesium, polyuria, polydipsia, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, progressive chronic kidney disease, and renal failure. Also, sometimes amelogenesis imperfecta and severe ocular abnormalities are involved. The CLDN-16 and CLDN-19 genes encode the tight junction proteins claudin-16 and claudin-19, respectively, in the thick ascending loop of Henle in the kidney, epithelial cells of the retina, dental enamel, etc...

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on regional tubular sodium handling is poorly understood in humans. In this study, empagliflozin substantially decreased lithium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (PT) (a marker of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption), a magnitude out of proportion to that expected with only inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2. This finding was not driven by an "osmotic diuretic" effect; however, several parameters changed in a manner consistent with inhibition of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3...

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the activity of enzymes involved in sphingolipid catabolism could be biomarkers to predict early renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension rats. Diabetic and hypertensive rats had no changes in plasma creatinine concentration. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed slight ultrastructural changes in the glomeruli and tubular epithelial cells from diabetic and hypertensive rats...

The temporal bone is a complex anatomical space that houses the middle ear and its ossicles, as well as the inner ear, which includes the vestibule, cochlea, and the semicircular canals. Henle's spine, also known as the suprameatal spine/spina suprameatica/ is found to guide the lateral wall of the mastoid antrum [J Res Med Dent Sci 8(7):420-422, Stat-Pearls Publishing, Treasure Island. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559153/]. It is found that the Henle's spine is present in 85% of the human skulls and when present, it could be used as a reliable anatomical landmark for isolating various foramina during skull base surgeries [J Laryngol Otol 119:856-861], and to assess the location of handle of malleus and subsequently the mastoid antrum, in many cases...

The renal Na-K-2Cl and Na-Cl cotransporters are the major salt reabsorption pathways in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and the distal convoluted tubule, respectively. These transporters are the target of the loop and thiazide type diuretics extensively used in the world for the treatment of edematous states and arterial hypertension. The diuretics appeared in the market many years before the salt transport systems were discovered. The evolving of the knowledge and the cloning of the genes encoding the Na-K-2Cl and Na-Cl cotransporters were possible thanks to the study of marine species...

The objective of the study was to investigate structural changes in the protein-rich, high-molecular-weight fraction of coffee during roasting and their contribution to the melanoidin formation in the course of the Maillard reaction. For this purpose, high- and low-molecular-weight fractions of one raw and five coffee beans with an increased roasting degree were analyzed in terms of general (color, molecular weight, functionality, elemental composition) and specific parameters (amino acid composition, Maillard reaction products)...

Angular Sign of Henle Fiber Layer Hyperreflectivity (ASHH) is a marker of Henle Fibre layer ischemia. Our aim is to describe ASHH as a novel OCT sign in Purtscher and Purtscher like retinopathy. Here we present 3 Cases, one classical Purtscher Retinopathy and 2 Purtscher like Retinopathy who had ASHH on SD OCT imaging. Modalities like Colour fundus photography, cross-sectional OCT, OCT angiography (OCTA) and fluorescein angiography were used. Presence ASHH in Purtscher Retinopathy and Purtscher like retinopathy points towards a deep capillary plexus insult and has prognostic implications...

Oxidative stress is a well-known cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, renal oxidative damage in azotaemic and non-azotaemic aged cats with naturally occurring CKD was investigated using immunohistochemistry for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) as markers of oxidative tissue damage. Kidneys were obtained from aged (>10 years old) azotaemic (n = 13) and non-azotaemic (n = 7) cats. Immunoreactivity for 8-OHdG was found in the nuclei of glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules, loops of Henle and collecting ducts, whereas 4-HNE-positive signals were detected in the cytoplasm of distal nephrons in azotaemic and non-azotaemic cats...

Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is a highly N-glycosylated protein from epithelial cells of the ascending limb of Henle loop. It is secreted into the urine as part of the innate immune response against uropathogenic pathogens. As women are more likely to suffer from urinary tract infections, biomedical studies were conducted to investigate sex-differences in THP excretion, as well as differences in the THP N-glycosylation pattern. A total of 238 volunteers (92 men, 146 women, 69 with hormonal contraceptives) participated in this study, providing urine samples...

BACKGROUND: Fredet's fascia represents a crucial landmark for vascular surgical anatomy, especially in minimally invasive complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right-sided colon adenocarcinoma. Fredet's fascia allows access to the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GCTH), the most critical step in both open and minimally invasive right-sided CME techniques. Despite this, a recent workshop of expert surgeons on the standardization of the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with CME did not recognize or include the term of Fredet's fascia or area...