Renal cancer

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second-most common cancer among hematological malignancies. Patients with active disease may experience several comorbidities, including renal insufficiency and asthma, which may lead to treatment failure. The treatment of relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) has been associated with multiple factors, causing a decline in progression-free survival as well as overall survival with subsequent lines of therapy. Data about the characteristics of this group of patients in the Greater Gulf region are lacking...

BACKGROUND: There is an unmet need for prediction of treatment outcome or patient selection for [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Quantification of the tumor exposure-response relationship is pivotal for further treatment optimization. Therefore, a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed for [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T using SPECT/CT data and, subsequently, related to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics after therapy in patients with mCRPC using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling approach...

The amide bond is an important functional group used in various fields of chemistry, including organic synthesis, drug discovery, polymers, and biology. Although normal amides are planar, and the amide has an N-C(O) bond, herein, the 26 indazole derivatives were reported via amide cross-coupling (8a-8z). Using IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and mass spectrometry, all of the produced compounds were analysed. A DFT computational study was also conducted using GAUSSIAN 09-Gaussian View 6.1, which revealed that 8a, 8c, and 8s had the most substantial HOMO-LUMO energy gap...

Kidney clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is also the most lethal subtype among all kidney cancer subtypes, posing a severe threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new, reliable biomarkers in KIRC. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel, reliable biomarkers associated with KIRC. We analyzed RNA sequence results from TCGA and several GEO datasets. The commonly deregulated gene, ALDOB, was found in multiple data and confirmed its important prognostic value. Subsequently, we explored the specific mechanism by which ALDOB regulates anti-tumor immunity through in vivo and in vitro experiments...

AIM: Hydrogen sulfide and <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>nitric</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>oxide</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> possess cytoprotective activity and in vivo, they are generated from exogenous sodium hydrosulfide and L-arginine respectively. Cisplatin is a major chemotherapeutic agent used to treat cancer and has a high incidence of nephrotoxicity as a side effect...

AURKA is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family and its kinase activity is crucial for the progression of mitosis. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic significance of AURKA inhibition in multiple cancer types. However, the specific mechanisms by which AURKA contributes to the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, AURKA expression level was identified in human RCC tissues by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The function of AURKA on cell malignant phenotypes was evaluated in vitro after AURKA inhibition...

Cyclin F (encoded by CCNF gene) has been reported to be implicated in the pathobiology of several human cancers. However, its potential clinical significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential significance of cyclin F, assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and molecular (bioinformatics) techniques, as a prognostic marker in ccRCC in relation to clinicopathological features and outcomes. IHC staining was performed using two independent ccRCC tissue array cohorts, herein called tissue macroarray (TMA)_1 and tissue microarray (TMA)_2, composed of 108 ccRCCs and 37 histologically normal tissues adjacent to the tumor (NAT) and 192 ccRCCs and 16 normal kidney samples, respectively...

The advent of micro-physiological systems (MPS) in biomedical research has enabled the introduction of more complex and relevant physiological into in vitro models. The recreation of complex morphological features in three-dimensional environments can recapitulate otherwise absent dynamic interactions in conventional models. In this study we developed an advanced in vitro Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) that mimics the interplay between healthy and malignant renal tissue. Based on the TissUse Humimic platform our model combines healthy renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) and RCC...

INTRODUCTION: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer, but the prediction of prognosis remains a challenge. METHODS: We collected whole-slide histopathological images, corresponding clinical and genetic information from the The Cancer Imaging Archive and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases and randomly divided patients into training (n = 197) and validation (n = 84) cohorts. After feature extraction by CellProfiler, we used 2 different machine learning techniques (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation-regularized Cox and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to select prognosis-related image features and genes, respectively...

BACKGROUND: The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) outcomes across different solid tumors, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer. Data regarding the prognostic and/or predictive role of LIPI in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether LIPI could be predictive of survival in mRCC patients. METHODS: We used patient level data from three different prospective studies (NIVOREN trial: nivolumab; TORAVA trial: VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy (TT); CheckMate 214: nivolumab-ipilimumab vs sunitinib)...

Background : Appropriate adverse event (AE) management and maintenance of therapeutic intensity are necessary to achieve therapeutic benefits of CDK4/6 inhibitors (palbociclib and abemaciclib) in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic/recurrent breast cancer. Objective : This study was aimed at clarifying the effect of AEs associated with palbociclib and abemaciclib on treatment. Methods : A total of 62 and 49 patients were prescribed palbociclib and abemaciclib, respectively, at our hospital from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2023...

Molecular profiling of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tumors of clinical trial patients has identified distinct transcriptomic signatures with predictive value, yet data in non-clear cell variants (nccRCC) are lacking. We examined the transcriptional profiles of RCC tumors representing key molecular pathways, from a multi-institutional, real-world patient cohort, including ccRCC (n = 508) and centrally-reviewed nccRCC (n = 149) samples. ccRCC had increased angiogenesis signature scores compared to the heterogeneous group of nccRCC tumors (mean z-score 0...

BACKGROUND: Multivisceral en bloc resection with the ipsilateral kidney is commonly performed in patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS). We evaluated the effect of nephrectomy on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with RLPS. METHODS: Data from a prospectively maintained database of the Peking University Cancer Hospital Sarcoma Center between April 2011 and August 2022 were analyzed. We classified the RLPS patients who underwent surgery into nephrectomy group (NP) and non-nephrectomy group (non-NP)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Our review delves into the progress across urological malignancies and discusses ongoing challenges and future directions in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development, emphasising their transformative potential in cancer care. RECENT FINDINGS: ADCs have advanced from hematologic to solid tumours, notably in breast cancer, and are now pivotal in metastatic urological cancers as both monotherapies and in combination regimens, underscored by the FDA's approval of enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan for metastatic urothelial cancer...

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) directed against MET have been recently approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring activating MET mutations. This success is the consequence of a long characterization of MET mutations in cancers, which we propose to outline in this review. MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), displays in a broad panel of cancers many deregulations liable to promote tumour progression. The first MET mutation was discovered in 1997, in hereditary papillary renal cancer (HPRC), providing the first direct link between MET mutations and cancer development...

PURPOSE: ARO-HIF2 is an siRNA drug designed to selectively target hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α) interrupting downstream pro-oncogenic signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The aims of this Phase 1 study (AROHIF21001) were to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and establish a recommended Phase 2 dose. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects with ccRCC and progressive disease after at least 2 prior therapies that included VEGF and immune checkpoint inhibitors were progressively enrolled into dose-escalation cohorts of ARO-HIF2 administered intravenously at 225, 525, or 1,050 mg weekly...

Bone tumors of the upper limb are a common cause of bone pain and pathological fractures in both old and young populations. Surgical reconstruction and limb salvage have become valid options for these patients despite this kind of surgery being challenging due to the need for wide bone resection and the involvement of surrounding soft tissues. Computer-assisted technology helps the surgeon in pre-operative planning and in designing customized implants. The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical outcomes and complications of custom-made prostheses in oncologic reconstruction of the upper limb and if they are reliable options for patients suffering from aggressive tumors...

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (AORT) is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Its etiology and pathological characteristics have not been extensively studied, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management challenging. AORT, an invasive testicular tumor with a mortality rate of 46%, treatment typically involves radical orchiectomy, retroperitoneal pelvic lymph node dissection (RPLND), adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or ongoing monitoring, but the response to conventional radiation and chemotherapy is limited...

It has been shown that kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) is involved in the development of several cancers. However, research on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and KIF20A is still exploratory. The current research was carried out to determine whether KIF20A expression has any prognosis value in ccRCC. Data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to validate the KIF20A mRNA expression and to perform clinicopathological analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used in evaluating KIF20A's diagnostic performance for ccRCC...

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinomas are the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. In addition to metastasizing in lungs, soft tissues, bones, and the liver, it also spreads locally. In 2-10% of patients, it causes a thrombus in the renal or inferior vena cava vein; in 1% of patients thrombus reaches the right atrium. Surgery is the only curative option, particularly for locally advanced disease. Despite the advancements in laparoscopic, robotic and endovascular techniques, for this group of patients, open surgery continues to be among the best options...