Tylenol

Acetaminophen (ACE) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug with various applications, from pain relief to fever reduction. Recent studies have reported equivocal effects of habitual ACE intake on exercise performance, muscle growth, and risks to bone health. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of a 6-week, low-dose ACE regimen on muscle and bone adaptations in exercising and non-exercising rats. Nine-week-old Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized to an exercise or control (no exercise) condition with ACE or without (placebo)...

On January 18, 2024, the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) + issued their most recent guidelines for over-the-counter drugs for COVID-19. Specifically the CDC stated that "Most people with COVID-19 have mild illness and can recover at home. You can treat symptoms with over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), to help you feel better." In this Review we consider the contributions of different types of evidence and conclude that healthcare providers should make individual clinical judgments for each of his or her patients in the selection of over-the-counter drugs to treat symptoms of COVID-19...

Acetaminophen ingestion is routinely managed with the antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Massive acetaminophen poisoning has been treated successfully with adjunctive therapies such as fomepizole and hemodialysis. Fomepizole functions by inhibiting cytochrome p560, which prevents tylenol from forming its toxic metabolite, NAPQI. Prior cases have demonstrated favorable outcomes and a significant drop in acetaminophen levels after a single session of intermittent hemodialysis and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH)...

Mesalamine, also called 5-ASA (5-aminosalicylic acid), is a largely used anti-inflammatory agent and is a main choice to treat Ulcerative Colitis. This report is aimed to investigate enzymatic processes involved in the oxidation of mesalamine to better understand some of its side-effects. Oxidation with oxygen (catalyzed by ceruloplasmin) or with hydrogen peroxide (catalyzed by peroxidase or hemoglobin) showed that these oxidases, despite their different mechanisms of oxidation, could recognize mesalamine as a substrate and trigger its oxidation to a corresponding quinone-imine...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): There has been increased interest in the use of short course hypofractionated radiotherapy as part of a total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) approach in the management of rectal cancer since publication of the RAPIDO trial. However, the literature on short course radiation for rectal cancer has not reported significant acute toxicities in the weeks immediately following the completion of treatment. Anecdotally, a subset of patients has experienced acute neuropathic pain characterized in a lumbosacral distribution...

BACKGROUND: The rate of opioid prescribing after low-risk surgical procedures has increased over the past decade, and surgeons are responsible for prescribing approximately one-third of all opioid medications. There is additional supporting evidence that patients only consume about half of the opioids prescribed to them after outpatient plastic surgery. Currently, there is no literature to provide surgeons with reference ranges for how much opioid medication will adequately provide analgesia for patients after undergoing bilateral breast augmentation (BBA) surgery...

BACKGROUND: Although esophageal candidiasis (EC) may manifest in immunocompetent individuals, there is a lack of consensus in the current literature about predisposing conditions that increase the risk of infection. AIM: To determine the prevalence of EC in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and identify risk factors for infection. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed inpatient and outpatient encounters from 5 regional hospitals within the United States (US) from 2015 to 2020...

Empathy is an intricate ability that entails the subjective feeling and understanding of emotions someone else may be experiencing. Acetaminophen, the active ingredient found in Tylenol, is among the most common pain medications consumed. There is new evidence, however, that suggests this common analgesic may also dampen empathic processes. However, no previous study has investigated the effect acetaminophen may have on pain empathy or mu power during a pain empathy task. Therefore, participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental (acetaminophen) or control (sugar) group in a double-blinded experimental research design aimed to measure mu power (using EEG) and behavioral responses to painful and non-painful images...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of implementing a multimodal plan of care in treating the pain of the postoperative cesarean birth patient that limited opioid exposure. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was conducted to evaluate a pain management protocol implemented for postoperative cesarean patients before and after a practice change. Sample included term postoperative cesarean patients ≥ 37 weeks of gestation, who had spinal or epidural, were 18 years or older, gave birth to a singleton newborn, admitted to the maternal child health department, and were prescribed opioids as a postoperative pain management treatment plan...

BACKGROUND:  The short time frame between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic declaration and the vaccines authorization led to concerns among public regarding the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. The Food and Drug Administration uses the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) where general population can report their vaccine side effects in the text box. This information could be utilized to determine self-reported vaccine side effects. OBJECTIVE:  To develop a supervised and unsupervised natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to extract self-reported COVID-19 vaccination side effects, location of the side effects, medications, and possibly false/misinformation seeking further investigation in a structured format for analysis and reporting...

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification in paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is crucial because hepatotoxicity is common and can be mitigated with treatment. However, current risk stratification tools have limitations. AIMS: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the paracetamol concentration × aminotransferase multiplication product, for predicting hepatotoxicity after paracetamol overdose. METHODS: Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched for eligible papers...

BACKGROUND: This case-report explores the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the healing of scar tissue. The patient was a 32-year old female two years post cholecystectomy resulting in a 15 cm linear scar that was causing severe pain. METHODS: Treatment was initiated using the BIOFLEX® therapist device which consists of LED arrays and laser probes of a specific wavelength, power and frequency applied directly on the skin overlying the scar. The frequency and duration of treatment was every other day for six weeks in a clinic setting, followed by three times a week for two months at home...

The purpose of this study is to review the published papers investigating maternal acetaminophen (AP) use during pregnancy and its effect on the offspring's neurodevelopment, particularly autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic considered safe in pregnancy. Recent studies have found an association between acetaminophen and immune system alterations like asthma and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We used online databases (PubMed/Medline/PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) to search the studies relevant to our topic...

Background: There are many functional and aesthetic benefits to lipoabdominoplasty (combination of liposuction with abdominoplasty), including increase in core strength, reduction in urinary incontinence, and improvement in lower back pain. However, patients are still hesitant to undergo surgery due to the perceived fears of postsurgical drains, and postoperative pain. Objectives: To propose a standardized multimodal pain protocol for patients undergoing lipoabdominoplasty procedures that aims to improve postoperative pain control...

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (APAP)-associated transaminase elevation, induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) protein adduction, remains an area of research interest. Distinct from known genetic, physiologic, and dosage associations dictating severity of hepatic injury, no known factors predict an absence of protein adduct formation at therapeutic APAP dosing. HYPOTHESIS: Sex-based physiology is predictive of APAP-induced protein adduct formation and differential metabolite expression at therapeutic doses...

The consumption of acetaminophen (APAP) can induce neurological changes in human subjects; however, effects of APAP on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity are unknown. BBB changes by APAP can have profound consequences for brain delivery of co-administered drugs. To study APAP effects, female Sprague-Dawley rats (12-16 weeks old) were administered vehicle (i.e., 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or APAP (80 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg in DMSO, i.p.; equivalent to a 900 mg or 5600 mg daily dose for a 70 kg human subject)...

Viral infections are a common cause of acute myocarditis. However, vaccines including influenza and smallpox have also been rarely implicated. Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been associated with acute myocarditis. We describe a case of acute myocarditis in a 19-year-old male 2 days after the initial dose of the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine. He presented with chest pain radiating to his left arm and bilateral shoulders. COVID, influenza, coxsackie, respiratory syncytial virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were negative...

BACKGROUND: The literature on opiate use after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for higher opiate use following EETS and the quantity of opiates used after discharge. METHODS: A retrospective review of 144 patients undergoing EETS from July 2018 to July 2020 was conducted. Patient, tumor, and surgical factors were documented. Pain scores and medications used on postoperative days (POD) 0 and 1, and discharge prescriptions, were recorded...

A quality assurance study was completed following the implementation of a standardized opioid prescribing and education protocol post cesarean delivery. The primary goal was to determine the need for a policy on postpartum opioid prescribing practices and whether the protocol worked. There was a decrease in the number of tablets provided post intervention and no statistically significant maternal or neonatal readmissions for suspected opioid toxicity or pain control. Combination prescribing of Tylenol 3 and/or tramadol and another opioid occurred in both groups...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): The American opioid epidemic has reached a critical point in our nation's history. Long-term opioid use among cancer survivors is associated with a variety of worse long-term outcomes. We used a questionnaire to evaluate patient perspectives of their pain control during radiation in our department. It aimed to ascertain patient understanding of opioid prescribing practices and alternative pain control methods. MATERIALS/METHODS: The questionnaire was based on the revised American Pain Society Patient outcome questionnaire...