Adhd and substance abuse

INTRODUCTION: The symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults highly interfere with function in multiple dimensions, increasing the economic burden associated with ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of ADHD in Spanish adults and estimate the associated economic burden within the healthcare, social, economic, and legal domains. METHODS: An economic model was developed from a social perspective using a bottom-up approach, based on the scientific literature and a multidisciplinary expert group...

Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 7% of those aged up to 12 years, 5% of teenagers and 3% of adults. It is associated with poor academic performance, substance abuse, criminality, poor social functioning and other negative outcomes. Psychotherapeutic treatment is moderately successful, whereas pharmacotherapy with stimulant medication is more efficacious and is recommended in many international guidelines. Anecdotal evidence suggests underuse of these medications in Aotearoa, New Zealand...

BACKGROUND: Students face great challenges at the beginning of and during their studies. Competitive experience, exam anxiety, and especially the new performance requirements often cause test anxiety and stressful experiences. The extent of substance use in terms of neuroenhancement (NE) is unclear. Evidence shows associations between NE, increased stress levels, and mental health. OBJECTIVES: We aim to determine the prevalence of NE and alcohol and tobacco use among college students...

Methylphenidate (MP) is a psychostimulant commonly prescribed for individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but it is also taken with and without a prescription for performance enhancement. Prior research has characterized the effects of MP on behavior, cognition, and neurochemistry. This exploratory review covers the uses of MP and examined the effects of MP on gene expression in the brain following exposure. Overall, MP causes a wide-spread potentiation of genes, in a region-specific manner; consequently, inducing neuronal alterations, such as synaptic plasticity and transmission, resulting in observed behaviors and affects...

BACKGROUND: User perspectives and involvement are crucial for improving substance use treatment service provision. First-hand accounts provide rich perspectives on how users experience change within therapeutic approaches like music therapy. People with substance use problems have a higher incidence of experiencing challenges with impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. Such challenges can negatively affect social functioning and outcomes of substance use treatment. Music therapy can offer people a means to regulate emotions and facilitate social relationships...

BACKGROUND: There are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and performed quality assessment according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A total of 231 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder and is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior, especially in females. The differences in the presentation of ADHD in females, factors contributing to suicidality and the effects of therapeutic interventions are presented in this review to highlight the relationship between ADHD and suicidality and self-harm behavior. RECENT FINDINGS: Impulsivity, an inherent symptom of ADHD, commonly acts as a risk factor of suicidality and is associated with both suicidal behavior and nonsuicidal self-injury...

We present the case of a patient, a boy of 16 years of age at initial presentation, with kleptomania, an impulse disorder characterized by an impulse to steal unneeded items, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The patient's parents reported that he would frequently impulsively steal items and money that he did not need. Cognitive and physical assessments revealed no abnormalities, and the patient had no history of substance abuse. The patient was diagnosed with kleptomania and ADHD...

OBJECTIVES: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder whose first clinical description was published more than two centuries ago. Prevalence rates have been evaluated in many countries and meta-analyses conducted, but the data collected in France are scarce. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted by retrieving the references from four electronic databases leading to the selection of four studies in children and four in adults...

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with stimulants among patients with stimulant use disorder carries concern for efficacy and exacerbation of addictive behaviors. Lisdexamfetamine is a unique stimulant used to treat ADHD with a lower abuse potential compared to other stimulants, as the medication is the only prodrug in its class. To our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature of the use of lisdexamfetamine to treat ADHD in patients with stimulant use disorder...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. Children and adolescents with ADHD are at increased risk for behavioral issues, academic issues, substance abuse issues, and legal problems. Approximately 50% of cases of childhood ADHD will persist into adulthood where it can impact employment, organizational skills, and frustration tolerance. Use of amphetamine and methylphenidate stimulant medications have shown to have the best outcomes, and are considered first line treatments...

OBJECTIVES: Substance abuse is common in patients with psychiatric emergencies. To further understand the connection between substance abuse and psychiatric disorders, a retrospective chart review was done that included positive drug screens among patients with psychiatric emergencies and to determine whether there was an association between substances used and the psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients seen in an emergency department with psychiatric emergencies was conducted...

INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally treated as a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs mainly in children and tends to diminish or disappear with age, but we now know that symptoms persist into adulthood in over 50% of ADHD patients. Undiagnosed individuals often turn to psychoactive substance to minimize the negative aspects of functioning and improve quality of life. METHODS: The study was conducted online using random sampling through a Facebook group administered by physicians and targeted to patients diagnosed with ADHD...

OBJECTIVES: Young adults with ADHD symptoms have a risk of negative outcomes in cognitive development, emotional development, and social developmental problems. The research question is: Does social support make a difference for children with ADHD symptoms? METHOD: Children born in 1984 were interviewed at age 25. The survey then obtained a 67% response rate which measures up to 2,980 interviewed persons. Validated constructs were used to measure outcomes, mediator, and ADHD symptoms...

Recent research has indicated that daytime manifestations of sleep-disordered breathing, frequently caused by deviated septum, can mimic many characteristic symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and could indicate intermittent hypoxia or hypercarbia as factors in the development of ADHD. To investigate the differences in outcomes following septoplasty between patients with ADHD and deviated septum, we used a retrospective cohort design to compare outcomes in patients diagnosed with deviated septa between June 1, 2002 and June 1, 2022...

BACKGROUND: The two most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism (ASD)-(ASD/ADHD) strongly impact individuals' functions. This is worsened when individuals are undiagnosed and risks such as increased imprisonments, depression or drug misuse are often observed. This systematic review synthesizes the risks associated with late/undiagnosed ASD/ADHD. METHODS: Four databases were searched (Medline, Scopus, PsychInfor, and Embase)...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Around 5%-7% of the adult population are estimated to have lifetime psychotic experiences (PEs), which are associated with psychosis risk. PEs assessed with Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) are associated with psychosis but also non-psychotic disorders, which could be partly explained by CAPE indirectly capturing emotional symptoms. We investigated the psychometric properties of a shorter version, CAPE-9, and whether CAPE-9 scores are associated with lifetime psychotic or non-psychotic mental disorders after controlling for current anxiety and depressive symptoms...

Aberrant dopamine (DA) signaling is implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), substance use disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment of these disorders remains inadequate. We established that the human DA transporter (DAT) coding variant (DAT Val559), identified in individuals with ADHD, ASD, or BPD, exhibits anomalous DA efflux (ADE) that is blocked by therapeutic amphetamines and methylphenidate. As the latter agents have high abuse liability, we exploited DAT Val559 knock-in mice to identify non-addictive agents that can normalize DAT Val559 functional and behavioral effects ex viv o and in vivo ...

Adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present psychiatric comorbidities and, in particular, substance use disorder (SUD). ADHD-SUD comorbidity is characterized by greater severity of both disorders, earlier age of onset, higher likelihood of polydrug-abuse and suicidal behaviors, more hospitalizations, and lower treatment adherence. At the present stage, research focused on the pharmacological management of ADHD with comorbid SUD in both adolescents and adults is still lacking. Furthermore, while the short-term effects of stimulants are well studied, less is known about the chronic effects of these drugs on dopamine signaling...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults. In the substance use disorders (SUDs) population, ADHD prevalence reaches 23.1%, leading to more severe substance abuse progression and reduced treatment effectiveness. Cannabis is the most common illicit drug used among the ADHD population. The increasing popularity of medical marijuana (MM) has raised concerns about its potential impact on neurocognitive functions, particularly in adolescents...