prebiotics probiotics infant

Food allergy represents a global health problem impacting patients' and caregivers' quality of life and contributing to increased healthcare costs. Efforts to identify preventive measures starting from pregnancy have recently intensified. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of maternal factors in food allergy prevention. Several studies indicate that avoiding food allergens during pregnancy does not reduce the risk of developing food allergies. International guidelines unanimously discourage avoidance diets due to potential adverse effects on essential nutrient intake and overall health for both women and children...

BACKGROUND: There is controversial data on the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic supplementations on overweight/obesity indicators. Thus, we aimed to clarify this role of biotics through an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses. METHODS: All meta-analyses of the clinical trials conducted on the impact of biotics on overweight/obesity indicators in general populations, pregnant women, and infants published until June 2023 in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library web databases included...

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the association of gut microbiota with health conditions and the potentially beneficial role of several types of biotics in several population groups, including children and adolescents. Children and adolescents comprise a unique population group due their rapid growth rates, high nutritional requirements, the immaturity of their immune system in early life, and their susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role and limitations of the administration of biotics in specific conditions affecting children and adolescents...

The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in newborns and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neonatal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation...

Milk is an ancient, fundamental mammalian adaptation providing nutrition and biochemical communication to offspring. Microbiomes have been detected in milks of all species studied to date. In this review, we discuss (a) routes by which microbes may enter milk, (b) evidence for proposed milk microbiome adaptive functions, (c) variation in milk microbiomes across mammals, and (d) future research directions, including suggestions for how to address outstanding questions on the viability and functionality of milk microbiomes...

The objective of the present study is to assess the rates of acquired tolerance to cow's milk (CM) after 36 months in subjects who consumed amino acid-based formula with synbiotics (AAF-S) or amino acid-based formula without synbiotics (AAF) during a 1-year intervention period in early life as part of the PRESTO study (Netherlands Trial Register number NTR3725). Differences in CM tolerance development between groups were analysed using a logistic regression model. Results show that the proportion of subjects (mean [±SD] age, 3...

The increasing prevalence of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) in childhood is a worldwide health concern. There is a growing awareness that the gut microbiome (GM) might play an important role in CMA development. Therefore, treatment with probiotics and prebiotics has gained popularity. This systematic review provides an overview of the alterations of the GM, metabolome, and immune response in CMA children and animal models, including post-treatment modifications. MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies on GM in CMA-diagnosed children, published before 1 March 2023...

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The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of the human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy and infant nutrition significantly influence the infant gut microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. The timing of introducing solid foods also influences gut microbiota composition. In preterm infants the gut microbiota development is influenced by multiple factors, including the time since birth and the intake of breast milk, and interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics supplementation show promising results in reducing morbidity and mortality in this population...

Different nutraceuticals are often considered by parents of infants and children with abdominal pain and disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Herb extracts and natural compounds have long been used in traditional medicine, but clinical pediatric trials are very limited. This narrative review based on relevant studies identified through a search of the literature in Pubmed and Medline updated to October 2023 focused on the effect of nutraceuticals in infantile colic, functional abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents...

Systemic inflammation plays a central role in many diseases and is, therefore, an important therapeutic target. In a scoping review, we assessed the evidence base for the anti-inflammatory effects of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in children. Of the 1254 clinical trials published in English in Ovid Medline and Cochrane Library PubMed from January 2003 to September 2022, 29 were included in the review. In six studies of healthy children (n = 1552), one reported that fructo-oligosaccharides added to infant formula significantly reduced pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and one study of a single-strain probiotic reported both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects...

The gut microbiota during early life plays a crucial role in infant development. This microbial-host interaction is also essential for metabolism, immunity, and overall human health in later life. Early-life pharmaceutical exposure, mainly referring to exposure during pregnancy, childbirth, and infancy, may change the structure and function of gut microbiota and affect later human health. In this Review, we describe how healthy gut microbiota is established in early life. We summarise the commonly prescribed medications during early life, including antibiotics, acid suppressant medications and other medications such as antidepressants, analgesics and steroid hormones, and discuss how these medication-induced changes in gut microbiota are involved in the pathological process of diseases, including infections, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic diseases, allergic diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders...

Prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. Compared to probiotics there are few studies with prebiotics in children. Most studies have been performed using infant formula supplemented with prebiotics, while add-on prebiotic supplementation as prevention or treatment of childhood gastrointestinal disorders has rarely been reported. The aim of this position paper was to summarize evidence and make recommendations for prebiotic supplementation in children with gastrointestinal diseases...

In recent years, inulin has gained much attention as a promising multifunctional natural biopolymer with numerous applications in drug delivery, prebiotics, and therapeutics. It reveals a multifaceted biopolymer with transformative implications by elucidating the intricate interplay between inulin and the host, microbiome, and therapeutic agents. Their flexible structure, exceptional targetability, biocompatibility, inherent ability to control release behavior, tunable degradation kinetics, and protective ability make them outstanding carriers in healthcare and biomedicine...

The combination of Bifidobacterium longum and Pediococcus pentosaceus is a clinically effective probiotic formulation for alleviating infantile colic; however, their utilization characteristics and mechanism of action surrounding their combined use of sugar sources remains unclear. Using in vitro simulation technology, this study set up individual and mixed cultures of the two probiotics at unique concentrations, and different types of prebiotics, carbohydrates and polyols were added. Gas and short-chain fatty acid production, substrate utilization, as well as growth of the individual and mixed probiotics were detected at the beginning of fermentation, 24 h, and 48 h...

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota play a key role in host health, with certain Bifidobacterium strains critical for immune development. The healthy gut of breastfed infants is dominated by these pioneer microbes, especially the strains that feed on human milk oligosaccharides. OBJECTIVE: This is a scoping review of gut microbiome research from Zimbabwe. It focuses on distribution and dynamic changes of bifidobacteria, and milk components that promote growth of microbes in infants, together with the distribution of associated gut microbes in adults...

BACKGROUND: Brain injury in preterm infants potentially disrupts critical structural and functional connective networks in the brain. It is a major cause of neurological sequelae and developmental deficits in preterm infants. Interesting findings suggest that the gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites contribute to the programming of the central nervous system (CNS) during developmental stages and may exert structural and functional effects throughout the lifespan. AIM: To summarize the existing knowledge of the potential mechanisms related to immune, endocrine, neural, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by GM and its metabolites in neural development and function...

There are circumstances in which breastfeeding is not possible and formula milk feeding has to be resorted to. In these cases, it is difficult to choose among the multitude of brands on the market for infant feeding. Although the composition of formula milk is largely regulated by legislation, there are certain nutrients whose presence in breast milk is beneficial. This circumstance will help us to establish some criteria to choose formula milk for a healthy infant. Among all the formula milks which can be found in different shops (pharmacies, supermarkets, etc...

Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Correlations and Potential Implications for Therapeutic Interventions Abstract: At the beginning of research on microbiota, researchers focused mainly on the role of microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastrointestinal diseases. However, over the last years, researchers have also identified correlations with other physical processes and neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder. These correlations are believed to be at least partly mediated through the brain-gut-microbiome axis...

The aim of this study was to obtain insight into the composition and function of the deviant gut microbiome throughout infancy in children born moderately and late preterm and their response to microbiome modulation. We characterized the longitudinal development of the gut microbiome from birth to the age of 12 months by metagenomic sequencing in 43 moderate and late preterm children participating in a randomized, controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov/no.NCT00167700) assessing the impact of a probiotic ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53,103, currently Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ) and a prebiotic (galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose mixture, 1:1) intervention as compared to a placebo administered from 3 to 60 days of life...