Spasmus nutans

UNLABELLED: Spasmus nutans is a syndrome occurring in infants comprising a symptomatic triad: torticollis, head nodding and nystagmus. Neuropediatric and ophthalmologic investigation are normal. No case of association with non-evolutive encephalopathy has been reported to date. We report on a case of spasmus nutans-associated agenesis of the median vermian cerebellum. OBSERVATION: A 3-month-old female infant was hospitalized for head nodding lasting 1 week and nystagmus of the left eye with no other signs...

: We diagnosed chiasmal glioma in an 8-month-old infant who had spasmus nutans that spontaneously resolved. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no interval change in tumor size over the next 8 months. Clinical resolution of spasmus nutans does not preclude chiasmal glioma as the underlying cause.

The article includes review of literature on anatomy, physiology, symptoms of ocular movement and their disturbance in children. Differential diagnosis between early developmental disturbances of vision in the normal child and during the diseases of central nervous system is very hard. There is data on such pediatric neuro-ophthalmology complex disorders as nystagmus, paroxysmal tonic upgaze, opsoclonus, spasmus nutans, seizures (eyelid myoclonia, absences).

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This patient, a 26-month-old girl, developed benign neonatal jitteriness soon after birth that subsequently resolved at 3 months of age. At 6 months of age, she developed spasmus nutans with left monocular nystagmus and head shaking in a "no-no" pattern. Physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, optic nerves, and orbits was normal. The spasmus nutans also gradually resolved by 18 months of age. To our knowledge, the co-occurrence of these 2 benign movement disorders in an individual has not previously been reported...

Nystagmus is an involuntary, periodic eye movement caused by a slow drift of fixation which is followed by a fast refixation saccade (jerk nystagmus) or a slow movement back to fixation (pendular nystagmus). In childhood most cases are benign forms of nystagmus: idiopathic infantile, ocular or latent nystagmus. They arise at the age of 3 months, without oscillopsia and show the absence of the physiologic opto-kinetic nystagmus. A full ophthalmologic evaluation is all that is needed in most cases: albinism, macular or optic nerve hypoplasia and congenital retinal dystrophies are the most common forms of ocular nystagmus...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon (HBP) refers to coarse vertical oscillation of the eye with impaired vision. The ocular movements are strictly monocular, occurring only in the eye with amblyopia. The vertical oscillation is of equal velocity in both vertical directions, or may sometimes be greater in the downward than upward direction. HBP develops several years after loss of vision. It can be differentiated from dissociated nystagmus in spasmus nutans, congenital nystagmus and internuclear ophthalmoplegia based on the strict unilaterality, vertical direction and low frequency...

AIM: To analyse nystagmus characteristics in patients with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) for differentiation from other forms of early childhood nystagmus. METHODS: Horizontal and vertical eye movements of 10 patients (6-46 years, mean 17.1 years, median 12.5 years) with CSNB (eight with CSNB1, two with CSNB2) were recorded with the scleral magnetic search coil technique or by electro-oculography. Nystagmus characteristics such as the amplitude, frequency, conjugacy and intermittency were analysed...

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BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty as to whether spasmus nutans (SN) is an isolated idiopathic entity or whether there are underlying conditions that could cause or be associated with the nystagmus. We undertook this study to determine the frequency of ocular, intracranial, and systemic conditions in patients with nystagmus having characteristics of SN. METHODS: We performed a chart review of 22 consecutive patients examined from 2000 through 2005 at the Dean McGee Eye Institute and Children' Hospital of Oklahoma with nystagmus consistent with SN...

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BACKGROUND: Spasmus nutans and congenital ocular motor apraxia share clinical characteristics. However, their development in a patient with cerebellar vermian hypoplasia has not been previously described. OBJECTIVE: To report spasmus nutans and congenital ocular motor apraxia in a child with cerebellar vermian hypoplasia. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary-care hospital. Patient A 7-year-old boy with a history of spasmus nutans during infancy and developmental delay was referred for the evaluation of abnormal head and eye movements...

We used ocular motility recordings to identify the characteristics of a rare combination of conjugate, horizontal jerk, and pendular nystagmus in a 9-year-old boy. The clinical diagnoses were amblyopia, left esotropia, congenital nystagmus, and an apparently uniocular pendular nystagmus that mimicked spasmus nutans. Ocular motility recordings revealed an unusual latent/manifest latent nystagmus, pendular nystagmus with characteristics of an acquired nystagmus, and uniocular saccades. The ocular motor data identified clinically unrecognized types of nystagmus and suggested that the pendular nystagmus was acquired in infancy rather than as a result of failure to develop good vision or binocularity...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent studies on the various forms of infantile-onset nystagmus have advanced our understanding of these disorders. The previously described waveforms of infantile nystagmus syndrome (congenital nystagmus) may be identified in infants less than 7 months of age, including the more mature forms; the visual status of these patients may be directly correlated with their mean foveation times. RECENT FINDINGS: Refractive errors in patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome do not follow the expected trend toward emmetropization during infancy and early childhood...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.