Tumors foot ankle

Gelatinous transformation of bone marrow (GTBM) is a complication of various diseases, one of which is anorexia nervosa (AN). We describe a rare case of a 20-year-old man who presented to our clinic with a 3-month history of heel pain without trauma. At presentation, he was noted to have a low body mass index (BMI) of 16.2 kg/m2 and pancytopenia. On magnetic resonance imaging, the left calcaneus showed low intensity on T1-weighted and high intensity on T2-weighted images. Open biopsy was done because we suspected that the lesion was either a lymphoproliferative tumor or a trabecular-type bone metastatic tumor...

Evodiamine (EVO) was tested on acute gouty arthritis rats to investigate its anti-inflammatory effect. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into the control, model, high, medium, and low dose of EVO groups and colchicine group. The ankle swelling degrees were measured at 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h following sodium urate injection into ankle joint. Histopathological examination was performed 24 h after injection. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the ankle joint was detected using chemical fluorescence...

BACKGROUND: The use of 3D-printed endoprosthesis has been proposed as a viable limb-salvage procedure following total calcanectomy in patients with calcaneal malignancy. However, certain drawbacks persist concerning the prosthetic design. In this case series, we designed a modular endoprosthesis incorporating a novel drainage system, aiming to improve the functional outcomes and to promote wound healing. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with calcaneal malignancy who underwent 3D-printed modular endoprosthesis reconstruction...

Osteoid osteomas are benign bone tumors that are commonly found in the cortical segments of long bone but can occasionally occur in the talus of the foot. They typically present in younger males and are characterized by lesions with a vascularized nidus surrounded by sclerotic bone. Plain radiographs can often miss the diagnosis, requiring further imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lesions often lead to a significant inflammatory response resulting in an impaired range of motion and nocturnal pain...

BACKGROUND: There are a few good options for restoring bone defects in the hand and foot. 3D-printed implants have been used in the pelvis and elsewhere, but to our knowledge, they have not been evaluated in the hand and foot. The functional outcome, complications, and longevity of 3D-printed prostheses in small bones are not well known. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) What are the functional outcomes of patients with hand or foot tumors who were treated with tumor resection and reconstruction with a 3D-printed custom prosthesis? (2) What complications are associated with using these prostheses? (3) What is the 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence of implant breakage and reoperation? METHODS: Between January 2017 and October 2020, we treated 276 patients who had tumors of the hands or feet...

BACKGROUND: Only 3 % of osseous tumors occur in the foot. The metatarsals are the -most common site whereas the calcaneus and talus are less common sites. Because these tumors are rare, the aim of our study is to assess the functional and the oncological outcome of patients with benign hindfoot tumors managed by curettage. METHODS: The clinical and radiological data of 41 patients diagnosed with benign hindfoot tumors were retrospectively reviewed. The study included 31 males and 10 females...

Diabetes (DM) increases fracture risk, and bone quality depends on type diabetes type, duration, and other comorbidities. Diabetes is associated with a 32% increased relative risk (RR) of total fractures and 24% increased RR of ankle fractures compared with patients without DM. Type 2 DM is associated with a 37% increased RR of foot fractures compared with patients without DM. The incidence of ankle fractures in the general population is 169/100,000 per year, while foot fractures occur less frequently, with an incidence of 142/100,000 per year...

BACKGROUND: Perineuriomas are peripheral nerve sheath tumors that are composed of benign, localized proliferations of perineural cells and further subclassified as intraneural or extraneural (soft tissue) based on their relationship to the histological boundaries of the nerve. Multiple histological variants have been described, and herein the authors present the first known case of a pseudolipoblastic perineurioma affecting the nerve. OBSERVATIONS: A 52-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of progressive, severe left buttock pain radiating down to the top of her foot and ankle, without any associated weakness, with a large mass in her sciatic nerve noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

Angioleiomyoma is a benign tumor, which arises from the smooth muscle. It comprises approximately 4.4% of all benign soft tissues' neoplasms and they are commonly located at the lower extremities. They are most frequently found in middle-aged women. Angioleiomyoma is usually presented as a painful solitary lesion in the subcutaneous tissue. Due to the lack of evidence in the literature, the aim of this current concepts review was to provide foot and ankle surgeons the most updated and useful information for diagnosis and management of foot or ankle's angioleiomyoma...

INTRODUCTION: A giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign tumor of bones which commonly arises from epiphysis of long bones. The tumor is locally aggressive and rarely metastasizes to the lungs. GCT of small bones of the foot and ankle is very rare. The GCT of the talus is very rare, and only a few case reports and series are described in the literature. In general, the GCT is monostotic, and few incidences of multicentricity have been described in the foot and ankle bones literature. Here are the findings of our case GCT of talus and reviews of earlier literature...

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumor of bone most commonly involves ends of the long bones in a skeletally mature patient. Giant cell tumor of the bones of the hand and feet is very rare, so is the giant cell tumor of talus. CASE REPORT: We are reporting a case of giant cell tumor of talus in a 17-year-old female who presented with a history of pain and swelling around left ankle since 10 months. Radiographs of the ankle showed lytic expansile lesion involving whole of talus...

This article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of pathology analyzed from this perspective are congenital pathology, neuromuscular disorders, osteochondral lesions, fractures and infection, ligament injuries, and tumors.We address the most common pitfalls of postsurgical imaging of the ankle and foot in children...

This article discusses soft tissue tumors of the ankle and foot region in adults, including tumors of the joints, and also briefly addresses tumor-simulating lesions. We offer general recommendations and describe specific aspects of common entities in that region, such as typical imaging appearance, therapeutic strategies, and posttherapeutic considerations. Focal masses and diffuse swelling are common in the foot and ankle region; most of them are non-neoplastic. Some of the tumors, such as plantar fibromatosis, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, synovial chondromatosis, or schwannoma, have a very typical appearance on magnetic resonance imaging...

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is among the commonest benign tumors and represents 5% of bone neoplasms. It is more common in young adults aged between 20 and 40 years. The distal femur is one of the most common sites, with the proximal tibia and distal radius the next frequently involved site, respectively. Previous research indicates that the tumor is an uncommon occurrence at this given age and location. Surgical management is the primary treatment for GCT universally. Extended curettage with the use of an argon beam cauterizer, a power burr, bone cement, hydrogen peroxide, phenol, liquid nitrogen, and zinc chloride are some of the treatment modalities for GCT...

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the formation of new bone in non-skeletal tissues such as muscles, tendons or other soft tissues. Severe muscle and soft tissue injury often lead to the formation of HO. However, anterior HO of the ankle is rarely reported. CASE SUMMARY: We report a patient with massive HO in front of the ankle joint for 23 years. In 1998, the patient was injured by a falling object on the right lower extremity, which gradually formed a massive heterotopic bone change in the right calf and dorsum of the foot...

BACKGROUND: Intraosseous ganglion cyst (IGC) of the talus is a rare entity. There is no consensus regarding the best surgical approach to the talus. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of curettage and bone grafting of the talus IGC via medial malleolus osteotomy. METHODS: Seventeen patients with talus IGC who were treated between 2002 and 2020 using curettage and bone grafting through a medial malleolus osteotomy were included. The outcome measures were ankle range of motion (ROM), pain, and function...

BACKGROUND: Accessory soleus muscle (ASM) is a rare congenital variation that is almost asymptomatic, but several papers have recently described symptomatic ASM. The clinical features of this condition are similar to tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) and include pain and numbness around the medial side of the ankle. ASM commonly originates from the fibula or soleus muscle and inserts into the Achilles tendon or calcaneus. Usually, it is identified as posteromedial swelling and definitely diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging...

Intravascular endothelial hyperplasia is a benign soft tissue mass rarely reported in the foot. Advanced imaging and confirming a benign diagnosis are critical for any soft tissue mass. This paper identifies 2 patients that developed intravascular endothelial hyperplasia tumors which required surgical excision. A 17-year-old male patient presented to clinic complaining of a painful bump to the arch of his right foot which he related to an injury 9 months prior. Magnetic resonance imaging of the right foot revealed a mass within the plantar subcutaneous fat that was serpiginous in nature similar to adjacent branching vessels favoring a low-flow vascular malformation...

Ewing's sarcoma is an aggressive primary malignant bone tumor that affects long and flat bones and is commonly seen in children and adolescents. The involvement of the foot especially the talus is an extremely rare entity with less than 15 cases reported in the literature. The rarity and atypical symptoms often lead to delays in diagnosis affecting the prognosis and survival. We present a 14-year-old female with pain and swelling of the left ankle for 18 months. She was being treated previously for an ankle sprain and was later suspected of avascular necrosis of the talus, before presenting to us...

BACKGROUND: Bony metastasis distal to the knee is rare and often reported alongside metastasis distal to the elbow. We sought to provide empirical evidence of the epidemiology, presentation, and prognosis of lower limb acrometastasis, alongside investigation of the distribution of metastases present while lower limb acrometastases form. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study identified 44 radiologically confirmed cases of lower limb acrometastasis from a single region...