Snare

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been popular worldwide to treat laterally spreading tumors and large polyps. Post-ESD coagulation syndrome (PECS) is more common than the two major ESD-related complications, perforation and bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PECS, identify the risk factors for PECS, and create a risk prediction model for PECS. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed a total of 986 patients who underwent colorectal ESD...

Hetero-tetrameric soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) complexes are critical for vesicle-target membrane fusion within the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. SNARE assembly involves four different SNARE motifs, Qa, Qb, Qc, and R, provided by three or four SNARE proteins. YKT6 is an atypical R-SNARE that lacks a transmembrane domain and is involved in multiple vesicle-target membrane fusions. Although YKT6 is evolutionarily conserved and essential, its function and regulation in different phyla seem distinct...

Green feather algae (Bryopsidales) undergo a unique life cycle in which a single cell repeatedly executes nuclear division without cytokinesis, resulting in the development of a thallus (>100 mm) with characteristic morphology called coenocyte. Bryopsis is a representative coenocytic alga that has exceptionally high regeneration ability: extruded cytoplasm aggregates rapidly in seawater, leading to the formation of protoplasts. However, the genetic basis of the unique cell biology of Bryopsis remains poorly understood...

BACKGROUND: Lead dwell time is the single strongest predictor of failure and complications in transvenous lead extraction. OBJECTIVES: To report the success rate and complications of transvenous lead extractions with implant dwell time of at least 15 years. METHODS: Procedural and patient data were prospectively collected into a database. The excimer laser was the primary method for lead extraction with the use of mechanical rotational sheaths and femoral snares at operator discretion...

Endovascular embolization is a standard treatment for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). Although it is considered relatively safe, intraoperative and postoperative complications can occur. Herein, a rare case of unexpected coil mass migration requiring a retrieval procedure during sinus occlusion for a transverse-sigmoid sinus dAVF (TSdAVF) is described. An 83-year-old man presented with worsening decline in cognitive function. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a TSdAVF. Since his symptoms seemed to be a result of the TSdAVF, transvenous embolization preserving the normal cranial venous circulation was planned...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial polygenic disease; results from autoimmune and neurodegenerative processes which lead to multifocal lesions of the central nervous system. Axonal degeneration was found to be prominent in the inflammation period of MS and contribute to the progression of disability. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) complex plays a vital role in the release of neurotransmitter by synaptic vesicle fusion. Stx-1A protein (Stx-1A), a major component of the SNARE complex, is widely expressed in brain tissue...

Syntaxin-1A (stx1a) repression causes a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype, low latent inhibition (LI) behavior, by disrupting 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) systems. Herein, we discovered that lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) 3B increases stx1a neuronal transcription and TTK21, a KAT3 activator, induces stx1a transcription and 5-HT release in vitro. Furthermore, glucose-derived CSP-TTK21 could restore decreased stx1a expression, 5-HTergic systems in the brain, and low LI in stx1a (+/-) mice by crossing the blood-brain barrier, whereas the KAT3 inhibitor suppresses stx1a expression, 5-HTergic systems, and LI behaviors in wild-type mice...

BACKGROUND: Supera interwoven stents (IWS) have a unique interwoven structure; thus, precise stent placement can be challenging as they are prone to elongation, shortening, and invagination. Particularly, invagination limits long-term patency. This proposed method aims to remove invaginated IWS. CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old man presented with intermittent claudication in his left lower limb. Endovascular therapy was conventionally performed, and a 5.5 × 40 mm IWS was placed after balloon dilatation; however, invagination occurred...

Vesicular release of neurotransmitters and hormones relies on the dynamic assembly of the exocytosis/trans-SNARE complex through sequential interactions of synaptobrevins, syntaxins, and SNAP-25. Despite SNARE-mediated release being fundamental for intercellular communication in all excitable tissues, the role of auxiliary proteins modulating the import of reserve vesicles to the active zone, and thus, scaling repetitive exocytosis remains less explored. Secretagogin is a Ca2+ -sensor protein with SNAP-25 being its only known interacting partner...

The SNAP receptor (SNARE) proteins syntaxin-1, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin mediate neurotransmitter release by forming tight SNARE complexes that fuse synaptic vesicles with the plasma membranes in microseconds. Membrane fusion is generally explained by the action of proteins on macroscopic membrane properties such as curvature, elastic modulus, and tension, and a widespread model envisions that the SNARE motifs, juxtamembrane linkers, and C-terminal transmembrane regions of synaptobrevin and syntaxin-1 form continuous helices that act mechanically as semirigid rods, squeezing the membranes together as they assemble ("zipper") from the N to the C termini...

(1) Background : Large colonic polyps during colonoscopy can be managed by Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). To decrease the polyp recurrence rate, thermal ablation methods like argon plasma coagulation (APC) and snare tip soft coagulation (STSC) have been introduced. We performed this network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of these modalities. (2) Methods : We performed a comprehensive literature review, through 5 January 2024, of databases including Embase, PubMed, SciELO, KCI, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science...

Balloon entrapment is a rare complication of angioplasty in calcified or recalcitrant lesions. A 65-year-old man with chronic limb-threatening ischemia underwent balloon angioplasty of his heavily calcified tibial arteries with a low-profile, tapered, compliant balloon. The balloon became entrapped within the posterior tibial artery and required multiple endovascular maneuvers to deflate and separate the balloon from the calcified arterial wall. This case report describes several adjunctive techniques for retrieval of an entrapped balloon in small, calcified arteries before consideration of surgical removal...

OBJECTIVE: Endovascular repair of chronic dissecting aortoiliac aneurysms is challenging given the rigid septum, compressed true lumen (TL), and target vessels frequently originating in the false lumen. We have used transcatheter electrosurgical aortic septotomy (TEAS) before stent graft implantation under intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fusion guidance. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of TEAS during complex endovascular repair of dissecting aneurysms. METHODS: From 2021 to 2023, 17 patients underwent TEAS...

The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex forms a 4-helix coiled-coil bundle consisting of 16 layers of interacting side chains upon membrane fusion. The central layer (layer 0) is highly conserved and comprises three glutamines (Q) and one arginine (R), and thus SNAREs are classified into Qa-, Qb-, Qc-, and R-SNAREs. Homotypic vacuolar fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the SNAREs Vam3 (Qa), Vti1 (Qb), Vam7 (Qc), and Nyv1 (R). However, the yeast strain lacking NYV1 (nyv1Δ) shows no vacuole fragmentation, whereas the vam3Δ and vam7Δ strains display fragmented vacuoles...

The Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein VPS45 is a key regulator of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion in endosomal trafficking, but its precise role remains unknown. To understand the function of VPS45 in vivo , we performed a genetic suppressor screen in Caenorhabditis elegans . We found that the temperature-sensitive lethality caused by the loss of VPS-45 can be suppressed by a mutation in another SM protein, VPS33A. The VPS33A M376I mutation is located in domain 3a, which is predicted to be essential for SNARE complex assembly...

BACKGROUND: The migration of contraceptive devices into pulmonary arteries is extremely rare, reported to be 1 in 100,000. CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old female presented no sensation of a contraceptive implant in her arm which had been placed one year prior. A CT scan confirmed that the implant had migrated into the left lower segmentary pulmonary artery. After a multidisciplinary meeting, an endovascular approach was attempted. Following right femoral venous access, a 8F NeuronMax® introducer was placed into the left pulmonary artery under fluoroscopic guidance...

BACKGROUND: Lipid metabolism reprogramming is suspected to exist in pre-cancerous lesions, including colorectal adenoma. Screening colonoscopy frequently reveals chicken skin mucosa (CSM; white or yellow-white speckled mucosa) surrounding colorectal polyps, caused by macrophages engulfing and accumulating the lipids decomposed by colon cells or adjacent tumors. CSM-positive colorectal polyps are associated with various diseases; however, their prognosis varies greatly. Cold snare polypectomy is commonly used to resect lesions up to 10 to 15 mm in diameter without signs of submucosal invasion but is controversial for CSM-positive colorectal polyps...

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The presynaptic SNARE-complex regulator complexin (Cplx) enhances the fusogenicity of primed synaptic vesicles (SVs). Consequently, Cplx deletion impairs action potential-evoked transmitter release. Conversely, though, Cplx loss enhances spontaneous and delayed asynchronous release at certain synapse types. Using electrophysiology and kinetic modeling, we show that such seemingly contradictory transmitter release phenotypes seen upon Cplx deletion can be explained by an additional of Cplx in the control of SV priming, where its ablation facilitates the generation of a "faulty" SV fusion apparatus...

Rotablation had been performed on a highly calcified lesion, enabling various devices to be brought distally for removal of the Entrapped RotaWire.