Leptomeningeal carcinoma

Progressive carcinogenesis of a gastric polyp with transformation to gastric adenocarcinoma and subsequent development of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is described in an adult male Scottish terrier. Presenting clinical signs consisted of vomiting with intermittent hematemesis. Surgical biopsies over the course of 14 months documented the progression from gastric polyp to minimally invasive gastric carcinoma to invasive gastric adenocarcinoma, a pathogenesis not previously documented in veterinary oncology...

This case report describes a rare and aggressive presentation of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) with carcinomatous meningitis, hydrocephalus, extensive organ involvement, and extremely elevated serum CA19-9 levels. Autopsy findings revealed that PUC of the urinary bladder origin caused carcinomatous meningitis and hydrocephalus, with exacerbation of hydrocephalus as the direct cause of death. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the bladder origin of PUC, and PUC cells were positive for CA19-9, a tumor marker commonly associated with gastrointestinal malignancies, suggesting that the markedly high serum CA19-9 level was related to the tumor-producing mechanism...

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare. There is no established treatment strategy for LMC, and the prognosis is extremely poor. We describe a case of LMC from RCC treated with local CyberKnife radiotherapy (CKR) and systemic therapy with pazopanib. The patient was a 63-year-old man with brain metastases from right RCC. Surgery and CKR were performed for the brain metastases, and the lesions were subsequently controlled. The patient developed isolated lesions in the pituitary stalk, right internal auditory canal, left ventricular choroid plexus (CP), left facial nerve, and medulla oblongata after the surgery and CKR for brain metastases...

Leptomeningeal metastasis is a rare in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, affecting less than 5% of patients with a poor prognosis. The aim of this case report was to present management of palliative radiotherapy in leptomeningeal metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient. A 33-year-old female presented with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with stage III, T3N3M0, WHO type III. The patient has received chemoradiation with photon-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique at the dose of 70 Gy in 33 fractions and showed a satisfactory outcome in 12 months follow-up...

Intradural extramedullary metastases from systemic neoplasms are very rare, with an incidence ranging from 2% to 5% of all secondary spinal diseases. We present the case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with symptoms of severe back pain and tibial paresis. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural lesion originating from the right S1 nerve root mimicking neurinoma. Total tumor removal was achieved via posterior midline approach. The histological examination was consistent with lung carcinoma metastasis...

BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis (BrM) and Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (LMC) are uncommon complications in gastroesophageal carcinoma (GEC) patients. These patients have a poor prognosis and are challenging to treat. We described the clinicopathologic features and outcomes in the largest cohort of Central Nervous System (CNS) metastasis in GEC patients. METHODS: single-center retrospective study of GEC treated from 2007 to 2021. Clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment modalities were reviewed...

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is an extremely rare site for metastasis from a primary ovarian cancer. LMC occurs when the thin layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord are infiltrated by ovarian cancer metastasis. We present a case of a 63-year-old female with recurrent metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary who was diagnosed with LMC. While undergoing sixth-line chemotherapy, she presented with debilitating headaches and gait instability. Brain MRI revealed subarachnoid enhancement and other findings diagnostic of LMC...

BACKGROUND: We report our experience with using a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) with an on-off valve and in-line Ommaya reservoir for the treatment of hydrocephalus or intracranial hypertension in patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Our goal was to determine whether control of intracranial pressure elevation combined with intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy would extend patient survival. METHODS: In this IRB-approved retrospective study, we reviewed 58 cases of adult patients with LMD from solid cancers who received a VPS with a reservoir and an on-off valve at M D Anderson Cancer Center from November 1996 through December 2021...

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare and associated with a poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been the standard first-line treatment for metastatic NPC, but their effect on meningeal metastasis of NPC needs further investigation. A 38-year-old man complained of bilateral neck masses and sought medical care. He was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal undifferentiated non-keratinizing carcinoma with bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastasis, stage cT4N2M1 IVb...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Prospective data suggest that proton craniospinal irradiation (pCSI) improves overall survival (OS) in patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD) from solid tumors, compared to the historical standard of involved field radiation. To evaluate outcomes of this novel approach in a real-world setting, our institutional experience with treating adults with pCSI for LMD from solid malignancies was evaluated. MATERIALS/METHODS: On an IRB-approved protocol, medical records of adults with LMD from solid tumors treated with pCSI were retrospectively reviewed for patient, disease and treatment characteristics and outcomes...

We present a case of an 83-year-old man who developed acute hydrocephalus as the first presentation of leptomeningeal disease secondary to melanoma of unknown primary, which is an exceedingly rare subtype of melanoma, in addition to a very rare complication of malignancy in general, which was diagnosed with imaging as well as cytology modalities. This presentation is rare and highlights the importance of recognizing this condition.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) remains a challenging condition with a dismal prognosis. In this case study, we report partial response of LMD in a patient with metastatic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma following treatment with proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI), bevacizumab, and pembrolizumab. Two years after the initial diagnosis, he presented with LMD. He underwent proton CSI with bevacizumab followed by combination therapy with pembrolizumab and bevacizumab. He had a partial disease response with progression-free survival after LMD diagnosis of 4...

There has been controversy over whether to radiologically follow up or use local treatment for asymptomatic small-sized brain metastases from primary lung cancer. For brain tumors without local treatment, we evaluated potential factors related to the brain progression and whether systemic therapy controlled the tumor. We analyzed 96 patients with asymptomatic small-sized metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer. These underwent a radiologic follow-up every 2 or 3 months without local treatment of brain metastases...

An 11 yr old female French bulldog was presented for acute onset of seizures and a 2 wk history of disorientation. On physical examination, a nodular mass at the fourth mammary gland level was observed. Neurological evaluation showed obtundation and compulsive behavior. Brain MRI study did not reveal any abnormalities. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern showed a marked increase of total nucleated cell count (400 cells/μL). Cytological evaluation identified the presence of a monomorphic round cell population characterized by large cell bodies, a single eccentrical located nucleus with high nuclear:cytoplasmatic ratio, and marked atypia with anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and multiple nucleoli...

INTRODUCTION: Many pathologies require normal-sized ventricle cannulation, which may be technically challenging even with neuronavigation guidance. This study presents a series of ventricular cannulation of normal-sized ventricles using intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) guidance and the outcomes of patients treated by this technique, for the first time. METHODS: The study included patients who underwent ultrasound-guided ventricular cannulation of normal-sized ventricles (either ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting or Ommaya reservoir) between January 2020 and June 2022...

PURPOSE: Brain metastases rarely complicate the natural history of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). No information is available regarding the life expectancy and efficacy of treatments in ACC patients with brain involvement. METHODS: A pooled analysis was performed by searching on PubMed and using the keywords: "brain metastases in adrenocortical carcinoma", and "leptomeningeal metastases in adrenocortical carcinoma". Four patients diagnosed at Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia were added to the analysis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Materials & methods: We recently reported the largest trial of breast cancer patients with HER2 positive leptomeningeal metastases (LM) treated with trastuzumab. An additional treatment indication was explored as part of a single institution retrospective case series of HER2 positive esophageal adenocarcinoma LM (n = 2). Results: One patient received intrathecal trastuzumab (80 mg twice weekly) as part of their treatment regimen with durable long-term response and clearance of circulating tumor cells in the cerebral spinal fluid...

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is an outcome associated with a terminal prognosis for a patient with metastatic cancer. Symptoms associated with this type of cancer progression can be subtle and nonspecific. Evaluation of LM occurs with a lumbar puncture (LP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) can present with a similar presentation of neurological symptoms to LM. Additionally, both disease states may present with similar MRI findings. The LP can be an important diagnostic evaluation to differentiate LM and GBS...