Posture review

Postural assessment is an important part of the veterinary evaluation of a dog's neuromusculoskeletal function. It forms an important part of the clinical examination by physiotherapists and specialists in veterinary rehabilitation and sports medicine and is well researched in humans, which has allowed treatment approaches to be developed and validated. This narrative review aims to complement the veterinary literature, which largely quantifies the impact of various conditions on posture, by synthesising the physiotherapy literature, to help translate the use of postural assessment as a basis for the development and validation of treatment techniques to improve outcomes in dogs...

BACKGROUND: Although changes in the gait biomechanics during pregnancy are known to occur, it is unclear whether they return to their original state after childbirth. RESEARCH QUESTION: The objective of the current systematic review is to summarize existing literature reporting the biomechanical characteristics of gait in postpartum women and to identify knowledge gaps that calls for future investigations in this population. METHODS: Relevant articles were selected using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier), Embase (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify the association between step count and multiple health outcomes in a healthy population. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses from inception to April 1, 2022. Literature screening, data extraction, and data analysis were performed in this umbrella review. The intervention factor was daily step counts measured based on devices...

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is prevalent in labour-related activities and can have adverse effects on the health and performance of the individuals exposed. However, evidence regarding the extent to which human functionality is affected following occupational WBV exposure has not been collated. The current systematic review sought to synthesize existing literature and assess the strength and direction of evidence regarding the acute after-effects of occupational WBV exposure on cognition, visual function, postural stability, and motor control...

BACKGROUND: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common public health problem that affects daily living activities and quality of life. There is biomechanical interdependence between the neck and scapula. Studies have shown that shoulder blade function might be related to chronic neck pain. We therefore evaluated the effects of scapular targeted therapy on neck pain and function in patients with CNP. METHODS: Databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid), Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus, were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials published in English investigating treatment of the scapula for CNP before July 16, 2023...

AIM AND BACKGROUND: The respective review articles aim is to provide an overview as well as describes and enlists different orofacial myofunctional therapy exercises as a modality for tongue tie secondary to surgery.Tongue tie is the basically a connection that joints base of tongue to the floor of mouth. This leads to difficulties various difficulties such as altered speech, oral habits, maligned teeth and many more. During formative years, most children successfully treated of tongue tie by releasing it, but problems start after its correction...

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) characterized by the invasion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It triggers an intense inflammatory response, leading to neurological complications if not promptly and adequately managed. TBM often precipitates muscle weakness, neurological deficits, respiratory challenges, swallowing difficulties, joint contractures, and pain. Physiotherapy intervention is essential in treating these problems by personalized treatment strategies and treatment plans to enhance muscle strength, motor control, coordination, and overall mobility...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Loupe magnification is a commonly utilized tool within dental education due to its proposed benefits of improving working posture, visual acuity, and procedural quality. Although procedural quality has been researched at the graduate level, literature encompassing the undergraduate level remains scarce. Therefore, this systematic review aims to critically assess the available literature to ascertain the effects of loupe magnification on the performance of undergraduate dental students' cavity preparations...

Despite their general good health, an increasing proportion of elderly individuals require surgery due to an increase in average lifespan. However, because of their increased vulnerability, these patients need to be handled carefully to make sure that surgery does not cause more harm than good. Age-related postoperative cognitive disorders (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD), two serious consequences that are marked by adverse neuropsychologic alterations after surgery, are particularly dangerous for the elderly...

INTRODUCTION: One of the most common musculoskeletal pain that causes disability in healthcare settings is low back pain that presents without a specific cause and is known as nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP). NSLBP can cause impairment in motor control, which is the ability of the body to execute a precise and stabilized movement in space. Many factors affect motor control dysfunction and lead to different physical impairments, consequently requiring different approaches in clinical settings...

INTRODUCTION: Lower Cross Syndrome (LCS) is a prevalent condition that manifests as muscular tension due to the asymmetry in the strength of the lower extremity muscles. This imbalance could be due to the tautness of the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fascia latae, adductor group, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. LCS causes a postural imbalance in the individual, which triggers low back pain (LBP). When LCS is present alongside LBP, may cause the upper body to sway more in the transverse plane and at the lumbar level, making walking and termination of gait (GT) more difficult...

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional neuro-otologic disorder that is the most frequent cause of chronic vestibular syndrome. The core vestibular symptoms include dizziness, unsteadiness, and non-spinning vertigo, which are exacerbated by an upright posture or walking, active or passive motion, and exposure to moving or complex visual stimuli. PPPD is mostly precipitated by acute or episodic vestibular diseases; however, its symptoms cannot be accounted for by its precipitants. PPPD is not a diagnosis of exclusion, but may coexist with other structural diseases...

Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained increasing popularity among researchers, especially for recovery and improvement, but interpretation of these results is difficult due to variations in study methods and outcome measurements. The main goal of this study was to better understand the postural and balance indicators affected by cerebellar tES, as the cerebellum is the main brain region responsible for controlling balance. For this systematic literature review, three databases were searched for articles where the cerebellum was stimulated by any type of tES in either healthy participants or those with neurologic disorders...

Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is an emerging non-invasive imaging technique for peripheral nerve evaluation. Shear wave velocity (SWV), a surrogate measure of stiffness, holds promise as a biomarker for various peripheral nerve disorders. However, to maximize its clinical and biomechanical value, it is important to fully understand the factors that influence nerve SWV measurements. This systematic review aimed to identify the normal range of SWV for healthy sciatic and tibial nerves and to reveal the factors potentially affecting nerve SWV...

Asterixis is a subtype of negative myoclonus characterized by brief, arrhythmic lapses of sustained posture due to involuntary pauses in muscle contraction. We performed a narrative review to characterize further asterixis regarding nomenclature, historical aspects, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Asterixis has been classically used as a synonym for negative myoclonus across the literature and in previous articles. However, it is important to distinguish asterixis from other subtypes of negative myoclonus, for example, epileptic negative myoclonus, because management could change...

Respiratory physiotherapy, including the management of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), is a key supportive intervention for critically ill patients. MV has potential for inducing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) as well as long-term complications related to prolonged bed rest, such as post-intensive care syndrome and intensive care unit acquired weakness. Physical and respiratory therapy, developed by the critical care team, in a timely manner, has been shown to prevent these complications...

<b/> Background: Forced postures are common in the workplace. Work in the primary economic sector is characterised by a high degree of physical activity and movement; however, activities in the secondary and tertiary sectors commonly require workers to stand or sit. An expansion of the tertiary sector in recent decades has meant that people in industrialised and emerging economies primarily sit or stand at work. The aim of the systematic review was to identify occupational factors relating to the presence of chronic venous disease (CVD), to place these in the context of developments in the workplace, and to determine whether measures are in place to prevent CVD...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease...

PURPOSE: Sandifer syndrome (SS), which combines gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and a neurological or psychiatric disorder, is an uncommon condition that often takes a long time to diagnosis. We aimed to systematically review available papers regarding SS. METHODS: After presenting our two cases of SS, we systematically reviewed articles published in MEDILINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 54 reported cases and 2 of our own cases...

BACKGROUND: Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions that lead to involuntary postures or repetitive movements. Genetic mutations are being increasingly recognized as a cause of dystonia. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the limited treatment options available. However, there are varying reports on its efficacy in genetic dystonias. This systematic review of the characteristics of genetic dystonias treated with DBS and their outcomes aims to aid in the evaluation of eligibility for such treatment...