tuberculosis and platelets

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious worldwide health issue, particularly in developing nations like Ethiopia. Patients with tuberculosis experience a range of hematological, immunological, and biochemical alterations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immunological, hematological, and biochemical alterations of newly diagnosed TB patients at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia. METHODS: A comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the immuno-hematological and biochemical changes in patients with tuberculosis at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital from January to July 2018...

The present study aims to assess the treatment outcome of patients with diabetes and tuberculosis (TB-DM) at an early stage using machine learning (ML) based on electronic medical records (EMRs). A total of 429 patients were included at Chongqing Public Health Medical Center. The random-forest-based Boruta algorithm was employed to select the essential variables, and four models with a fivefold cross-validation scheme were used for modeling and model evaluation. Furthermore, we adopted SHapley additive explanations to interpret results from the tree-based model...

BACKGROUND: Active tuberculosis (TB) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between inflammation biomarkers and dyslipidemia in patients with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional multi-center study in Uganda conducted 2021. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests included a lipid profile, full haemogram and serology for HIV infection...

Children with tuberculosis have increased platelet count and platelet/lymphocyte ratio along with decreased mean platelet volume, suggesting that these indices may be useful as adjunct tools in diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis https://bit.ly/3Ga4AWT.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is not only related to infection but also involves immune factors. This study explores the changes in T-lymphocyte subsets in children with TB who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and examines their relationship using chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Additionally, the study identifies risk factors for severe TB (STB) in children and establishes relevant risk prediction models. METHODS: We recruited 235 participants between 2018 and 2022, comprising 176 paediatric patients with TB who were HIV-negative and 59 age-matched children with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)...

OBJECTIVES: Critically ill patients with tuberculosis carry high mortality. Identification of factors associated with mortality in critically ill tuberculosis patients may enable focused treatment. DATA SOURCES: An extensive literature search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was performed using Medical Subject Headings terms "tuberculosis," "critical care," "critical care outcome," and "ICU." We aimed to identify factors affecting mortality in critically ill tuberculosis patients...

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH) is relatively high among the elderly population. Other known risk factors for cSDH include male sex, dependency on anti-platelet or anticoagulant medication, and chronic alcoholism. Although, the standard mode of treatment for cSDH is surgery, embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA), either upfront or as an adjunct to surgical evacuation can be used for the treatment of cSDH. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors present a case of a 75-year-old female with prior history of posterior-lateral wall myocardial infarction (MI) eight years back presented to our centre with the chief complaints of a gradual onset of cough and headache for 2 months...

Platelets are important cells in hemostatic and coagulative reactions. Interestingly, platelets-related immunopathological mechanism and clinical research have become one of the hot research topics in tuberculosis at home and abroad in recent years. Platelets get involved in host chronic inflammation and pulmonary immune response, thus playing a negative regulatory role in tuberculosis. This is achieved through direct internalization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and indirect interaction with immune cells. In addition, patients with tuberculosis often have thrombocytosis, and there is increasing evidence that anti-platelet therapy as a host-directed therapy has demonstrable clinical benefit in tuberculosis control...

PURPOSE: The clinical aspects and prognosis of eyes with endogenous endophthalmitis were compared over the last ten years. The occurrence and progression of endophthalmitis are linked to the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and clinical features. METHODS: The study comprised patients with endogenous endophthalmitis and 64 patients without endophthalmitis who were treated at Hebei Province Eye Hospital in the last ten years. According to the prognostic visual acuity, patients with endophthalmitis were split into two groups: Group A and Group B...

OBJECTIVE: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain requiring hospitalization worldwide. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) are novel inflammatory markers that have been investigated in various diseases associated with an inflammatory response, achieving many positive results. Evaluating the NLR, PLR, RDW, and their combination to predict acute pancreatitis severity can help clinicians have an appropriate initial treatment strategy...

INTRODUCTION: There is evidence showing that central nervous system TB (CNS-TB) causes meningitis, pachymeningitis, tuberculomas, and granulomas. However, the impact of pulmonary or spine TB on brain morphology and thickness is yet to be documented. TB is associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers in specific brain regions. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to compare cortical-brain volume and thickness between patients with pulmonary or spine TB and non-TB individuals and investigate the association between inflammatory biomarkers and brain volume or thickness among patients with pulmonary or spine TB...

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a known adverse event of several drugs. Antitubercular therapy (ATT) is rarely reported but important cause of thrombocytopenia. The present review aimed to understand the profile of thrombocytopenia caused by first-line ATT i.e. isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened case reports, case series, and letter-to-editor from databases, like Pubmed/MEDLINE, Ovid, and EMBASE from 1970 to 2021...

BACKGROUND: Mean platelet volume (MPV) reflects the platelet production rate and stimulation, while mean corpuscular volume (MCV) represents the average size of red blood cells. Considering the possibility of the relationship between red cell index changes and different severities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as the uncertainty of the available results in this regard, the present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between MPV and MCV in the outcome of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD)...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare but potentially devastating complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Myelosuppression-related antibiotics should be used cautiously in patients with hematological malignancies, especially those undergoing bone marrow transplantation and receiving bone marrow suppression therapy. Although linezolid has become the recommended drug for severe TB, its hematological toxicity is still an obstacle to its clinical application...

Rifampin is an effective and widely used for the treatment of both active and latent tuberculosis. Although significant side effects are rare, severe side effects such as acute renal failure have been reported in the literature, usually secondary to acute interstitial nephritis. We report a case of rifampin-induced acute renal failure due to heme pigment-related injury in a patient who was receiving daily rifampin as therapy for latent tuberculosis. The patient case illustrates considering rifampin as a potential cause of acute renal failure when no other cause is identified...

This study focused on the development and validation of a diagnostic model to differentiate between spinal tuberculosis (STB) and pyogenic spondylitis (PS). We analyzed a total of 387 confirmed cases, out of which 241 were diagnosed with STB and 146 were diagnosed with PS. These cases were randomly divided into a training group (n = 271) and a validation group (n = 116). Within the training group, four machine learning (ML) algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO], logistic regression analysis, random forest, and support vector machine recursive feature elimination [SVM-RFE]) were employed to identify distinctive variables...

Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abscessus), which is from the group of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria and is widely found in the natural environment, has been reported with increasing frequency as the causative agent of various infections; especially in the lower respiratory tract and in immuncompromised people. In this report, a case of M.abscessus, which developed tubular adenoma, pancytopenia and sepsis on the basis of chronic renal failure (CRF) was diagnosed by suspecting the causative agent in the Gram stain examination prepared from blood culture, was presented...

BACKGROUND: This study's objective was to investigate the predictors for severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia when amphotericin B deoxycholate-based induction therapy is used in HIV-infected patients with talaromycosis. METHODS: A total of 170 HIV-infected patients with talaromycosis were enrolled from January 1st, 2019, to September 30th, 2020. RESULTS: Approximately 42.9%, 20.6%, and 10.6% of the enrolled patients developed severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia, respectively...

OBJECTIVES: Very few studies and limited information are available regarding the mechanism of fibrosis in tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to identify, describe and synthesise potential biomarkers of the development of tissue fibrosis induced by TB through a systematic method and meta-analysis. METHODS: A literature search was performed using keywords according to the topic from electronic databases (ScienceDirect and PubMed) and other methods (websites, organisations and citations)...

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is considered one of the two greater long-term global public health threats than the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although venous thromboembolism has a low prevalence of 3.5% among patients with active TB, miliary TB complicated by arteriovenous thrombosis is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. CASE STUDY: We present here an unusual case of a 32-year-old man with a two-month history of shortness of breath and painful swelling in the right lower extremity...