neonatal fluid

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the outcome of nonimmune hydrops fetalis in an attempt to identify independent predictors of perinatal mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all cases of nonimmune hydrops from two tertiary care centers. Perinatal outcome was evaluated after classifying nonimmune hydrops into ten etiological groups. We examined the effect of etiology, site of fluid accumulation, and gestational age at delivery on postnatal survival...

The aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of published data to determine the significance of clinical factors and exposures to the risk of perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS) and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for relevant observational studies (cohort/case-control) from March 1984 to March 2016 was undertaken. Two review authors independently examined the full text records to determine which studies met the inclusion criteria and evaluated risk factors for PAIS...

INTRODUCTION: Placental histologic examination can assist in revealing the mechanism leading to preterm birth. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between intrauterine pathological processes, morbidity and mortality of premature infants, and their long term outcome. Neonatal brain activity is increasingly monitored in neonatal intensive care units by amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) and indices of background activity and sleep cycling patterns were correlated with long term outcome...

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. The mainstay of medical management for CHI is diazoxide. Diazoxide inhibits insulin release from the pancreas, but also causes smooth muscle relaxation and fluid retention so it is typically given with chlorothiazide. In July 2015, the FDA issued a drug safety communication warning that pulmonary hypertension (PH) had been reported in 11 infants being treated with diazoxide and that the PH resolved with withdrawal of diazoxide...

Neonates are the pediatric population at highest risk for development of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the incidence of VTE in the neonatal population is increasing. This is especially true in the critically ill population. Several large studies indicate that the incidence of neonatal VTE is up almost threefold in the last two decades. Central lines, fluid fluctuations, sepsis, liver dysfunction, and inflammation contribute to the risk profile for VTE development in ill neonates. In addition, the neonatal hemostatic system is different from that of older children and adults...

INTRODUCTION: Late onset sepsis (LOS) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The empirical use of vancomycin and other broad spectrum antibiotics is very frequent and is associated with the emergence of resistant agents, infection by gram-negative bacilli (GNB), fungal infections and increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of 5 intervention protocols designed to reduce infections and promote the rational use of antibiotics (AB) in a single NICU...

Planned caesarean delivery (CD) frequency is increasing in many countries, and elective CD accounts for 50% of preventable causes of neonatal respiratory morbidity. The clearing of fluid in the lungs is important for the establishment of normal gas exchange with inspired air. A defect in this clearance can result in respiratory problems in neonate, but on the other hand patients waiting for the onset of spontaneous labour pain, the increase in emergency CD, together with severe mortality and morbidity are causes of concern and cause anxiety and distrust of obstetricians...

Hypotension commonly occurs in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. This leads to maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, including maternal nausea and vomiting and fetal acidosis, and might even lead to cardiovascular collapse if not treated. Arterial dilatation and reduction in systemic vascular resistance are the major contributors to spinal-induced hypotension. Therefore, strategies aimed at expanding the intravascular volume with fluid loading or increasing venous return with lower extremities mechanical compression and lateral tilt have had limited effectiveness in the management of spinal-induced hypotension...

Acute scrotal abscess is an extremely rare condition in neonates and may mimic testicular torsion. Most of these abscesses have reportedly been due to Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. infections. We herein report a unilateral acute scrotal abscess in a preterm infant born at 26 weeks in whom Propionibacterium acnes was isolated from the collected scrotal fluid culture. To our knowledge, this is the first case report implicating P. acnes as a causative agent of neonatal scrotal abscess. Based on such findings, P...

In the absence of maternal thyroid disease or iodine deficiency, fetal goitre is rare and usually attributable to dyshormonogenesis, for which genetic ascertainment is not always undertaken in the UK. Mechanical complications include tracheal and oesophageal compression with resultant polyhydramnios, malpresentation at delivery and neonatal respiratory distress. We report an Indian kindred in which the proband (first-born son) had congenital hypothyroidism (CH) without obvious neonatal goitre. His mother's second pregnancy was complicated by fetal hypothyroid goitre and polyhydramnios, prompting amniotic fluid drainage and intraamniotic therapy (with liothyronine, T3 and levothyroxine, T4)...

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common life threatening condition affecting preterm infants. NEC occurs in 1-5% of all neonatal intensive care admissions and 5-10% of very low birth weight infants. The protective role of human breast milk (BM) has been well established. It has also been shown that amniotic fluid (AF) and breast milk have many similarities in terms of presence of growth and other immune-modulatory factors. This finding led to the initial hypothesis that AF may exert similar protective effects against the development of NEC as does BM...

Soluble endoglin (sENG) is increased in the amniotic fluid of mothers with pre-eclampsia and chorioamnionitis. Preterm infants born to mothers with these disorders have an increased risk of aberrant lung development. Whether this increased risk is secondary to elevated sENG levels is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether intrauterine exposure to an adenovirus over-expressing sENG impairs neonatal lung angiogenesis by modulating lung eNOS signaling. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound guided intra-amniotic injections of adenovirus over-expressing sENG (Ad-sENG) or control adenovirus (Ad-control) on embryonic day 17 (E17)...

Mild encephalopathy/encephalitis with a reversible splenial (MERS) lesion is a clinic-radiological entity. The clinical features of MERS in neonates are still not systemically reported. This paper presents five cases of MERS, and the up-to-date reviews of previously reported cases were collected and analyzed in the literature. Here we describe five cases clinically diagnosed with MERS. All of them were neonates and the average age was about 4 days. They were admitted for the common neurological symptoms such as hyperspasmia, poor reactivity and delirium...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine perinatal outcomes associated with cholestasis of pregnancy according to bile acid level and antenatal testing practice. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of women with symptoms and bile acid testing from 2005 to 2014. Women were stratified by bile acid level: no cholestasis (<10 μmol/L), mild (10-39 μmol/L), moderate (40-99 μmol/L), and severe (≥100 μmol/L). The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, or death)...

INTRODUCTION: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (R) agonists are a class of incretin mimetic drugs that have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and also considered strong candidates for the treatment of obesity. The original prototypical drug in this class is the exenatide, a synthetic peptide with the same structure as the native molecule, exendin-4, found in the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum suspectum lizard). OBJECTIVES: To identify and compare the anti-obesogenic, antidyslipidemic and antidiabetogenic effects of agonism in GLP-1R by exenatide on two distinct models of obesity: induced by hypothalamic injury (MSG) or high-calorie diet (DIO)...

INTRODUCTION: Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia occurs frequently during elective caesarean section but perioperative active body warming is not widely used. There is a paucity of evidence of its use in the obstetric population, and no applicable guidelines. We set out to identify a superior active warming method for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. METHODS: Following ethical approval, 132 women presenting for uncomplicated elective caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia were recruited...

Recent studies have shown that approximately 70% of patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) develop asthma. Development of AD in infancy and subsequent other atopic diseases such as asthma in childhood is referred to as atopic march. However, a causal link between the diseases of atopic march has remained largely unaddressed, possibly due to lack of a proper animal model. Recently, we developed an AD rat model showing chronically relapsing dermatitis and scratching behaviors induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment...

The clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the Down's syndrome screening based on 1,901 pregnant women in a Chinese hospital was investigated. This was a retrospective analysis of NIPT study in singleton pregnancy (n=1,901). The NIPT test is offered routinely as a prenatal screening test for common fetal aneuploidies, including trisomy 13 (T13), T18 and T21 to pregnant women with risk factors of one or more anomalies. Maternal peripheral blood (5 ml) was collected in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube at a gestational age of 12+0 to 32+6 weeks...

BACKGROUND: One of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals of 2000 was to reduce maternal mortality by 75% in 15 y; however, this challenge was not met by many industrialized countries. As average maternal age continues to rise in these countries, associated potentially life-threatening severe maternal morbidity has been understudied. Our primary objective was to examine the associations between maternal age and severe maternal morbidities. The secondary objective was to compare these associations with those for adverse fetal/infant outcomes...

OBJECTIVE: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) for cardiac surgery in neonates. It is unclear if exposure to computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the preoperative period increases the risk of AKI. We hypothesized a short interval between CTA and CPB surgery would be associated with higher rates of AKI in infants. DESIGN: In this single center retrospective review of patients between 2012 and 2015, neonates less than one month old were analyzed if they had CTA prior to cardiac surgery with CPB...