Hepatocellular carcinoma with IVC thrombosis

A 47-year-old patient presented with a two-week history of right upper quadrant pain, abdominal distention and new onset of shortness of breath. He had a history of intravenous drug abuse, no alcohol consumption and denied any known liver disease. On physical examination, he was tachypneic and had dullness in the flanks. His blood analysis at admission was as follows: hemoglobin, 12.9 g/dL; leukocyte count, 6,800/uL; platelet count, 63,000/uL; INR, 2.1; serum creatinine, 1.27 mg/dL; liver biochemistry tests were notable for marginal derangement, HBsAg was negative, anti-HCV was positive, HCV RNA was 367,498 IU/ml and alpha-fetoprotein was 992 mg/dL...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatic vein tumor thrombosis (HVTT) extending to the inferior vena cava (IVC) have an extremely poor prognosis. Here we report a case of HCC with HVTT and renal dysfunction after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) successfully treated by liver resection and active veno-venous bypass. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old man was diagnosed to have a large HCC with intrahepatic metastases and HVTT extending to the IVC...

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with intra-IVC implantation of an irradiation stent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis (IVCTT). METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive patients with HCC complicated by IVCTT treated by TACE combined with IVC stenting were retrospectively analysed. IVC stenting was performed using a stent loaded with (125)I seeds strands (the irradiation stent) in 33 patients (Group A) and 28 patients with a bare stent (Group B)...

We report the first case of initially unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein and hepatic venous tumor thrombosis and multiple lung metastases that allowed for curative hepatectomy after multidisciplinary treatment including sorafenib. A 54-year-old male presented with a large HCC in the right liver with tumor thrombosis of the left portal vein and middle hepatic vein (MHV) as well as multiple lung metastases. His serum alpha-fetoprotein level was elevated at 52,347 ng/mL and palliative treatment with sorafenib was initiated...

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) has become a common and effective procedure for treating hepatic encephalopathy due to a portosystemic shunt related to cirrhosis of the liver. However, this method of treatment has rarely been reported in patients after liver transplantation. Here, we report the case of a 52-year-old patient who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) due to hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocellular carcinoma that was complicated with portal vein thrombosis and a large portosystemic shunt between the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and inferior vena cava (IVC)...

Sorafenib (Nexabar, Bayer, Berlin, Germany), one of multikinase inhibitors, can infrequently downstage advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are some reports that sorafenib in combination with other modalities, such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radiation therapy, could represent a bridge to surgery. We have observed a progressive HCC case with hepatic vein tumor thrombosis proceeding to the inferior vena cava (IVC-HVTT) convert to a state of feasible curative resection after a multidisciplinary treatment which included sorafenib...

AIM: To study the clinical presentation of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and identify the aetiologies of this disease in Algeria. METHODS: Patients with BCS, hospitalised in our unit from January 2004 until June 2010 were included and the aetiological factors were assessed. Patients presenting a BCS in the setting of advanced-stage cirrhosis or a liver transplantation were excluded from the study. The diagnosis was established when an obstruction of hepatic venous outflow (thrombosis, stenosis or compression) was demonstrated...

INTRODUCTION: Vascular complications following hepato-pancreatic biliary surgery can be devastating, and therefore precaution of them must be critical. We report two cases in which the pedicled omental transposition flap might be effective to avoid postoperative venous complications following major hepatectomy. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Case 1 is a 80-year-old male who required to perform re-laparotomy at postoperative day 1 following major hepatectomy due to acute portal venous thrombosis (PVT)...

PURPOSE: Thrombosis in cancer may manifest itself as venous thromboembolic disease or tumor thrombosis (TT). We present our experience with incidentally detected TT on FDG PET/CT in 21 oncologic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all FDG PET/CT examinations during a 5-year period at the Army Hospital Research and Referral in New Delhi, India, and included all oncology cases with FDG-avid thrombosis in the report. The diagnosis of TT was based on FDG-avid solid masses inside the vessels in patients with known malignancy...

We report on a 63-year-old man with a history of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma with a thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava, who received image-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with helical tomotherapy, followed by sorafenib. A total tumor dose of 48 Gy was delivered by 6 fractions within 2 weeks. The tumor responded dramatically, and the patient tolerated the courses well. Ten days after SBRT, sorafenib (200 mg), at 1.5 tablets twice a day, was prescribed. One week later, grade 2 recall radiation dermatitis subsequently developed in the previous SBRT off-target area...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Presence of hepatic vein tumor thrombosis (HVTT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as signaling an extremely poor prognosis. However, little is known about the prognostic impact of surgical treatment for HVTT. METHODS: Our database of surgical resection for HCC between October 1994 and December 2011 in a tertiary care Japanese hospital was retrospectively analysed. We statistically compared the patient characteristics and surgical outcomes in HCC patients with tumor thrombosis in a peripheral hepatic vein, including microscopic invasion (pHVTT), tumor thrombosis in a major hepatic vein (mHVTT), and tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVCTT)...

We report the case of a 84-year-old admitted with symptoms of congestive heart failure. Ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic nodule in the left lobe of the liver, with a peripheral hypoechoic rim, multiple irregular hypoechoic nodules in both hepatic lobes, portal vein, inferior vena cava, and right atrium thrombosis. On ultrasonographic and alpha-fetoprotein criteria the case was interpreted as hepatocellular carcinoma with Budd-Chiari syndrome. The particularity of the case is the initial presentation of the hepatocellular carcinoma as Budd-Chiari syndrome...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical procedure, safety and efficacy of liver resection with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy in the treatment of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and IVC tumor thrombus. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 10 patients with HCC and IVC tumor thrombus undergoing liver resection and thrombectomy was analyzed. The surgical procedure included two parts, firstly the involving liver lobes were transected using the anterior approach without pedicle clamping, then the tumor thrombus were removed from the IVC under total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE)...

PURPOSE: The purpose is to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and the toxicity of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in patients with advanced hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) and inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis (IVCTT). METHODS: Between 2007 and 2012, in a retrospective way, 9 patients (median age 69 years) with advanced HCC and IVCTT unfit for surgery, radiofrequency ablation, embolization, or chemotherapy were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT)...

The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombus formation in the main vasculature is extremely poor. Sorafenib combined with transarterial chemoembolization is a novel treatment approach for advanced HCC. In this study, we report two HCC patients with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus who underwent the combination treatment. The overall survival times for these two patients were 44 months and 35 months, respectively. Our report suggests that sorafenib combined with transarterial chemoembolization may be a viable choice for patients with advanced HCC even with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus...

Current studies have shown that living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) satisfying the Milan criteria does not compromise patient survival or increase HCC recurrence compared with deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT). For patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria, however, worse outcomes are expected after LDLT than after DDLT, despite insufficient data to reach a conclusion. Regarding operative technique, LDLT might be a less optimal cancer operation for HCC located at the hepatic vein confluence and/or paracaval portion...

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium (RA) is poor, and there is no established effective treatment for this condition. Thus study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection and prognosis after surgery for such cases. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 2012, 891 patients underwent hepatectomy for HCC at our institution. Of these, 13 patients (1.5%) diagnosed with advanced HCC with tumor thrombi in the IVC or RA underwent hepatectomy and thrombectomy...

Herein, we present the case of a patient with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had paracaval lymph node (LN) metastases with an inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus after a hepatectomy. A 65-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B virus infection received an extended anterior segmentectomy because of two hepatic tumors, located in segments 7 and 8. Histological examination of both resected specimens showed mostly moderately differentiated HCC with some poorly differentiated areas, and liver cirrhosis (A2/F4)...

BACKGROUND: To report the feasibility, efficacy, and toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and/or inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis (IVCTT) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients treated with SBRT using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for HCC with PVTT/IVCTT between July 2010 and May 2012 were analyzed. Of these, 33 had PVTT and 8 had IVCTT...

A 41-year-old male patient with hepatitis B underwent right tri-segmentectomy and total caudate lobectomy for a huge hepatocellular carcinoma associated with complete occlusion of the inferior vena cava with thrombosis of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava due to tumor compression. Five months later, he was readmitted for ascites and hyperbilirubinemia. Venography revealed stenosis and tortuosity of the left hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava, for which balloon angioplasty of the left hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava was performed using an 8-mm and 10-mm balloon, respectively...