keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511174/unveiling-the-development-of-human-voice-perception-neurobiological-mechanisms-and-pathophysiology
#21
REVIEW
Emily E Harford, Lori L Holt, Taylor J Abel
The human voice is a critical stimulus for the auditory system that promotes social connection, informs the listener about identity and emotion, and acts as the carrier for spoken language. Research on voice processing in adults has informed our understanding of the unique status of the human voice in the mature auditory cortex and provided potential explanations for mechanisms that underly voice selectivity and identity processing. There is evidence that voice perception undergoes developmental change starting in infancy and extending through early adolescence...
2024: Current research in neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511170/early-exercise-intervention-promotes-myelin-repair-in-the-brains-of-ischemic-rats-by-inhibiting-the-mek-erk-pathway
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junyi Wang, Xinyu Ding, Chen Li, Chuan Huang, Changkai Ke, Chunlei Xu, Chunxiao Wan
Our previous studies have shown that early exercise intervention after stroke increases neural activity and synaptic plasticity and promotes the recovery of nerve fiber bundle integrity in the brain. However, the effect of exercise on the repair of myelin in the brain and the related mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we randomly divided the rats into three groups. Before and after 28 days of intervention, body weight, nerve function, the infarct size, white matter fiber bundle integrity, and nerve myelin structure and function were observed by measuring body weight, analysis of modified neurological severity score, CatWalk gait analysis, MRI, luxol fast blue staining, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy...
January 1, 2024: Translational Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509589/transcranial-alternating-current-stimulation-improves-quality-of-life-in-parkinson-s-disease-study-protocol-for-a-randomized-double-blind-controlled-trial
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hong-Yu Zhang, Ting-Ting Hou, Zhao-Hui Jin, Tian Zhang, Yi-Heng Wang, Zi-Hao Cheng, Yong-Hong Liu, Jin-Ping Fang, Hong-Jiao Yan, Yi Zhen, Xia An, Jia Du, Ke-Ke Chen, Zhen-Zhen Li, Qing Li, Qi-Ping Wen, Bo-Yan Fang
BACKGROUND: The neural cells in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PWP) display aberrant synchronized oscillatory activity within the beta frequency range. Additionally, enhanced gamma oscillations may serve as a compensatory mechanism for motor inhibition mediated by beta activity and also reinstate plasticity in the primary motor cortex affected by Parkinson's disease. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can synchronize endogenous oscillations with exogenous rhythms, thereby modulating cortical activity...
March 20, 2024: Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506115/a-fully-spiking-coupled-model-of-a-deep-neural-network-and-a-recurrent-attractor-explains-dynamics-of-decision-making-in-an-object-recognition-task
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naser Sadeghnejad, Mehdi Ezoji, Reza Ebrahimpour, Mohamad Qodosi, Sajjad Zabbah
Objective. Object recognition and making a choice regarding the recognized object is pivotal for most animals. This process in the brain contains information representation and decision making steps which both take different amount of times for different objects. While dynamics of object recognition and decision making are usually ignored in object recognition models, here we proposed a fully spiking hierarchical model, explaining the process of object recognition from information representation to making decision...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Neural Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505865/an-operating-principle-of-the-cerebral-cortex-and-a-cellular-mechanism-for-attentional-trial-and-error-pattern-learning-and-useful-classification-extraction
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marat M Rvachev
A feature of the brains of intelligent animals is the ability to learn to respond to an ensemble of active neuronal inputs with a behaviorally appropriate ensemble of active neuronal outputs. Previously, a hypothesis was proposed on how this mechanism is implemented at the cellular level within the neocortical pyramidal neuron: the apical tuft or perisomatic inputs initiate "guess" neuron firings, while the basal dendrites identify input patterns based on excited synaptic clusters, with the cluster excitation strength adjusted based on reward feedback...
2024: Frontiers in Neural Circuits
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505772/electrophysiological-correlates-of-temporal-numerosity-adaptation
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paolo A Grasso, Irene Petrizzo, Francesca Coniglio, Roberto Arrighi
INTRODUCTION: Much research has revealed the human visual system is capable to estimate numerical quantities, rapidly and reliably, in both the spatial and the temporal domain. This ability is highly susceptible to short-term plastic phenomena related to previous exposure to visual numerical information (i.e., adaptation). However, while determinants of spatial numerosity adaptation have been widely investigated, little is known about the neural underpinnings of short-term plastic phenomena related to the encoding of temporal numerical information...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505704/synaptic-mechanisms-underlying-the-elevated-sympathetic-outflow-in-fructose-induced-hypertension
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yun Zhu, Haiying Sun, Hongjie Wang, Na Li
Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, including elevated sympathetic outflow. However, the underlying brain mechanisms are unclear. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) critically regulates autonomic reflexes related to cardiovascular function and contains neurons projecting to the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible free-radical messenger in the vascular, immune, and nervous systems. In this study, we determine if NO in the NTS is involved in the synaptic plasticity underlying the elevated sympathetic outflow in fructose-induced hypertension...
2024: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505323/prenatal-and-postnatal-methamphetamine-exposure-alters-prefrontal-cortical-gene-expression-and-behavior-in-mice
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philip A Adeniyi, Tolulope T Adeyelu, Amita Shrestha, Chin-Chi Liu, Charles C Lee
Methamphetamine is a highly abused psychostimulant that substantially impacts public health. Prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure alters gene expression, brain development, and behavior in the offspring, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. To assess these adverse outcomes in the offspring, we employed a mouse model of prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure. Juvenile offspring were behaviorally assessed on the open field, novel object recognition, Y-maze, and forced swim tests...
2024: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504940/using-a-machine-learning-approach-to-predict-the-need-for-elective-revision-and-unplanned-surgery-after-implant-based-breast-reconstruction
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunchan Chen, Ashley Zhang, Marcos Lu Wang, Grant G Black, George Zhou, David M Otterburn
Two-stage implant-based reconstruction after mastectomy may require secondary revision procedures to treat complications, correct defects, and improve aesthetic outcomes. Patients should be counseled on the possibility of additional procedures during the initial visit, but the likelihood of requiring another procedure is dependent on many patient- and surgeon-specific factors. This study aims to identify patient-specific factors and surgical techniques associated with higher rates of secondary procedures and offer a machine learning model to compute individualized assessments for preoperative counseling...
March 2024: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504873/editorial-advancing-our-understanding-of-the-impact-of-dynamics-at-different-spatiotemporal-scales-and-structure-on-brain-synchronous-activity-volume-ii
#30
EDITORIAL
Thanos Manos, Chris G Antonopoulos, Antonio M Batista, Kelly C Iarosz
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2024: Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504626/brain-atlas-of-the-annual-garcialebias-charrua-fish
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maximiliano Torres-Pérez, María Laura Herrera, Juan Carlos Rosillo, Inés Berrosteguieta, Gabriela Casanova, Silvia Olivera-Bravo, Anabel Sonia Fernández
Annual fish have become attractive study models for a wide range of disciplines, including neurobiology. These fish have developed different survival strategies. As a result, their nervous system is under considerable selective pressure when facing extreme environmental situations. Fish from the Austrolebias group exhibit rapid neurogenesis in different brain regions, possibly as a result of the demanding conditions of a changing habitat. Knowledge of cerebral histology is essential for detecting ontogenic, anatomical, or cytoarchitectonic changes in the brain during the short lifespan of these fish, such as those reflecting functional adaptive plasticity in different systems, including sensory structures...
March 20, 2024: Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502778/electrophysiological-phenotypes-of-hippocampal-synaptic-and-network-functions-in-cannabinoid-receptor-2-knockout-mice
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuangtao Li, Yongchang He, Dharshaun Turner, Naili Wei, Luyao Ma, Devin H Taylor, Danielle T Taylor, Xiaoyu Ji, Jie Wu
Background: The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), a cannabinoid receptor primarily expressed in immune cells, has been found in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, where it plays crucial roles in modulating various neural functions, including synaptic plasticity, neuroprotection, neurogenesis, anxiety and stress responses, and neuroinflammation. Despite this growing understanding, the intricate electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal neurons in CB2R knockout (CB2R KO) mice remain elusive. Aim and Methods: This study aimed to comprehensively assess the electrophysiological traits of hippocampal synaptic and network functions in CB2R KO mice...
January 22, 2024: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499859/machine-intelligence-accelerated-discovery-of-all-natural-plastic-substitutes
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tianle Chen, Zhenqian Pang, Shuaiming He, Yang Li, Snehi Shrestha, Joshua M Little, Haochen Yang, Tsai-Chun Chung, Jiayue Sun, Hayden Christopher Whitley, I-Chi Lee, Taylor J Woehl, Teng Li, Liangbing Hu, Po-Yen Chen
One possible solution against the accumulation of petrochemical plastics in natural environments is to develop biodegradable plastic substitutes using natural components. However, discovering all-natural alternatives that meet specific properties, such as optical transparency, fire retardancy and mechanical resilience, which have made petrochemical plastics successful, remains challenging. Current approaches still rely on iterative optimization experiments. Here we show an integrated workflow that combines robotics and machine learning to accelerate the discovery of all-natural plastic substitutes with programmable optical, thermal and mechanical properties...
March 18, 2024: Nature Nanotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499756/does-bisphenol-a-play-a-role-in-the-development-of-neural-tube-defects
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nisa Aytac Bektas, Nefise Nazli Yenigul, Kaan Pakay, Burcu Dincgez, Elif Yuce Bilgin, Yasemin Ustundag, Emin Ustunyurt
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate BPA levels in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid of patients diagnosed with NTD. In addition, we wanted to investigate the relationship between neurodevelopmental defects, such as neural tube defects (NTD), and BPA levels. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective observational study was carried out at Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital between April 15, 2021, and April 15, 2022. The study consisted of 92 patients between the ages of 18-45 who had an amniocentesis at 15-22 weeks of gestation...
March 18, 2024: Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495107/brain-inspired-modular-echo-state-network-for-eeg-based-emotion-recognition
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liuyi Yang, Zhaoze Wang, Guoyu Wang, Lixin Liang, Meng Liu, Junsong Wang
Previous studies have successfully applied a lightweight recurrent neural network (RNN) called Echo State Network (ESN) for EEG-based emotion recognition. These studies use intrinsic plasticity (IP) and synaptic plasticity (SP) to tune the hidden reservoir layer of ESN, yet they require extra training procedures and are often computationally complex. Recent neuroscientific research reveals that the brain is modular, consisting of internally dense and externally sparse subnetworks. Furthermore, it has been proved that this modular topology facilitates information processing efficiency in both biological and artificial neural networks (ANNs)...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495064/merging-humans-and-neuroprosthetics-through-regenerative-peripheral-nerve-interfaces
#36
REVIEW
Yucheng Tian, Alex K Vaskov, Widya Adidharma, Paul S Cederna, Stephen W P Kemp
Limb amputations can be devastating and significantly affect an individual's independence, leading to functional and psychosocial challenges in nearly 2 million people in the United States alone. Over the past decade, robotic devices driven by neural signals such as neuroprostheses have shown great potential to restore the lost function of limbs, allowing amputees to regain movement and sensation. However, current neuroprosthetic interfaces have challenges in both signal quality and long-term stability. To overcome these limitations and work toward creating bionic limbs, the Neuromuscular Laboratory at University of Michigan Plastic Surgery has developed the Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI)...
February 2024: Seminars in Plastic Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493494/afm-imaging-reveals-microrna-132-to-be-a-positive-regulator-of-synaptic-functions
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ikbum Park, Hyun Jin Kim, Juyoung Shin, Yu Jin Jung, Donggyu Lee, Ji-Seon Lim, Jong Mok Park, Joon Won Park, Joung-Hun Kim
The modification of synaptic and neural connections in adults, including the formation and removal of synapses, depends on activity-dependent synaptic and structural plasticity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating these changes by targeting specific genes and regulating their expression. The fact that somatic and dendritic activity in neurons often occurs asynchronously highlights the need for spatial and dynamic regulation of protein synthesis in specific milieu and cellular loci. MicroRNAs, which can show distinct patterns of enrichment, help to establish the localized distribution of plasticity-related proteins...
March 17, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492568/sound-elicits-stereotyped-facial-movements-that-provide-a-sensitive-index-of-hearing-abilities-in-mice
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kameron K Clayton, Kamryn S Stecyk, Anna A Guo, Anna R Chambers, Ke Chen, Kenneth E Hancock, Daniel B Polley
Sound elicits rapid movements of muscles in the face, ears, and eyes that protect the body from injury and trigger brain-wide internal state changes. Here, we performed quantitative facial videography from mice resting atop a piezoelectric force plate and observed that broadband sounds elicited rapid and stereotyped facial twitches. Facial motion energy (FME) adjacent to the whisker array was 30 dB more sensitive than the acoustic startle reflex and offered greater inter-trial and inter-animal reliability than sound-evoked pupil dilations or movement of other facial and body regions...
March 6, 2024: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492501/conditioned-preferences-gated-by-experience-context-and-endocrine-systems
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick K Monari, Emma R Hammond, Xin Zhao, Alyse N Maksimoski, Radmila Petric, Candice L Malone, Lauren V Riters, Catherine A Marler
Central to the navigation of an ever-changing environment is the ability to form positive associations with places and conspecifics. The functions of location and social conditioned preferences are often studied independently, limiting our understanding of their interplay. Furthermore, a de-emphasis on natural functions of conditioned preferences has led to neurobiological interpretations separated from ecological context. By adopting a naturalistic and ethological perspective, we uncover complexities underlying the expression of conditioned preferences...
March 15, 2024: Hormones and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490999/local-prediction-learning-in-high-dimensional-spaces-enables-neural-networks-to-plan
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christoph Stöckl, Yukun Yang, Wolfgang Maass
Planning and problem solving are cornerstones of higher brain function. But we do not know how the brain does that. We show that learning of a suitable cognitive map of the problem space suffices. Furthermore, this can be reduced to learning to predict the next observation through local synaptic plasticity. Importantly, the resulting cognitive map encodes relations between actions and observations, and its emergent high-dimensional geometry provides a sense of direction for reaching distant goals. This quasi-Euclidean sense of direction provides a simple heuristic for online planning that works almost as well as the best offline planning algorithms from AI...
March 15, 2024: Nature Communications
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