hepatitis c alcohol drugs

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study delved into cirrhosis-related infections to unveil their epidemiology, risk factors, and implications for antimicrobial decisions. METHODS: We analyzed acutely decompensated cirrhosis patients (n = 971) from North India between 2013-2023 at a tertiary center. Microbiological and clinical features based on infection sites (EASL criteria) and patient outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Median age was 45 years; 87% were males with 47% having alcoholic hepatitis...

OBJECTIVE: Preventable transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBV), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), continue in at-risk populations, including people who use alcohol and drugs (AODs). To our knowledge, no studies have explored the use of ambulance data for surveillance of AOD harms in patients with BBV infections. METHODS: We used electronic patient care records from the National Ambulance Surveillance System for people who were attended by an ambulance in Victoria, Australia between July 2015 and July 2016 for AOD-related harms, and with identified history of a BBV infection...

In the present study, we sought to develop materials applicable to personal and collective protection equipment to mitigate SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, AgNPs were synthesized and stabilized into electrospinning nanofiber matrices (NMs) consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CHT), and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Uniaxial nanofibers of PVA and PVA/CHT were developed, as well as coaxial nanofibers of PCL[PVA/CHT], in which the PCL works as a shell and the blend as a core. A crucial aspect of the present study is the in situ synthesis of AgNPs using PVA as a reducing and stabilizing agent...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major hepatic disorder occurring in non-alcohol-drinking individuals. Salvianic acid A or Danshensu (DSS, 3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-(2 R )-lactic acid), derived from the root of Danshen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza ), has demonstrated heart and liver protective properties. In this work, we investigated the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective activity of Danshensu alone and in combination with different agents, such as probiotic bacteria ( Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus ), against several assays...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is generally thought to be closely related to obesity and diabetes. However, it also affects non-obese individuals, particularly in Asian cultures. METHODS: Healthy physical examination subjects and MAFLD patients were included in the endocrinology department of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MAFLD was defined as fatty liver in imaging without virus infection, drug, alcohol, or other known causes of chronic liver disease...

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have delivered high response rates (>95%) and simplified the management of HCV treatment, permitting non-specialists to manage patients without advanced liver disease. We collected and reviewed global data on the registration and reimbursement (government subsidised) of HCV therapies, including restrictions on reimbursement. Primary data collection occurred between Nov 15, 2021, and July 24, 2023, through the assistance of a global network of 166 HCV experts...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is associated with high 90-day mortality. Glucocorticoid therapy for 28 days improves 30- but not 90-day survival. We assessed the efficacy and safety of a combination of anakinra, an IL-1 antagonist, plus zinc (A+Z) compared to prednisone using the Day-7 Lille score as a stopping rule in patients with SAH. METHODS: In this phase IIb double-blind randomized trial in adults with SAH and MELD scores of 20-35, participants were randomized to receive either daily anakinra 100 mg subcutaneously for 14 days plus daily zinc sulfate 220 mg orally for 90 days, or daily prednisone 40 mg orally for 30 days...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represent major risk factors of HCC. Multiple different treatment options are available, depending on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm. Systemic treatment is reserved for certain patients in stages B and C, who will not benefit from regional treatment methods. In the last fifteen years, the arsenal of available therapeutics has largely expanded, which improved treatment outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Information about pan-genotypic treatments for hepatitis in Portugal is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: An observational prospective study was implemented in six hospitals with 121 adult HCV patients who initiated treatment with GLE/PIB between October 2018 and April 2019, according to clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is beneficial for NAFLD treatment. Recent studies show the excessive fission of mitochondria during NAFLD progression, so targeting mitochondria dynamics may be a possible target for NAFLD. Still, little is known about whether AMPK regulates mitochondrial dynamics in hepar. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether AMPK activation alleviates hepatic steatosis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics mediated by GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)...

OBJECTIVE: The serine protease inhibitor SerpinB3 has been described as critical mediator of liver fibrosis and it has been recently proposed as an additional hepatokine involved in NASH development and insulin resistance. Protease Activated Receptor 2 has been identified as a novel regulator of hepatic metabolism. A targeted therapeutic strategy for NASH has been investigated, using 1-Piperidine Propionic Acid (1-PPA), since this compound has been recently proposed as both Protease Activated Receptor 2 and SerpinB3 inhibitor...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pose a significant threat to human health and cause a tremendous socioeconomic burden. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of NAFLD and NASH remain incompletely understood, and no effective pharmacotherapies have been approved. In the past five years, significant advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathomechanisms and potential pharmacotherapies of NAFLD and NASH. Research advances include the investigation of the effects of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog pegozafermin and the thyroid hormone receptor-β (THRβ) agonist resmetriom on hepatic fat content, NASH resolution and/or fibrosis regression...

BACKGROUND: ALD is a chronic liver disease caused by chronic excessive alcohol consumption, for which there are no drugs with better efficacy. Ancient literature and modern studies have shown that Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) has a hangover effect and ameliorates hepatic inflammation, so we believe that MMF has a potential role in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. METHODS: UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to characterize the chemical constituents in MMF...

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogues have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the effects and safety of these analogues on NASH and NASH-related fibrosis remain unexplored. AIMS: To estimate the efficacy and safety of FGF21 analogues for treating NASH and NASH-related fibrosis. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies up to 11 October 2023...

BACKGROUND: Despite direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) being safer than warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF), major bleeding concerns persist. Most bleeding risk scores predate DOAC approval. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the Age, history of Bleeding, and non-bleeding related Hospitalisation [ABH] score's performance-derived for DOAC-treated patients-with those of 5 other scores (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation [ATRIA], Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly [>65 years], Drugs/alcohol concomitantly [HAS-BLED], Hepatic, Hepatic or Renal Disease, Ethanol Abuse, Malignancy, Older Age, Reduced Platelet Count or Function, Re-Bleeding, Hypertension, Anemia, Genetic Factors, Excessive Fall Risk and Stroke [HEMORR2 HAGES], Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation [ORBIT-AF], and Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 [doubled], Diabetes, Stroke [doubled]-Vascular disease, Age 65-74, Sex category [CHA2 DS2 -VASc]) in predicting DOAC-related major bleeding in patients with AF...

BACKGROUND: Mortality rates among people with HIV have fallen since 1996 following the widespread availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patterns of cause-specific mortality are evolving as the population with HIV ages. We aimed to investigate longitudinal trends in cause-specific mortality among people with HIV starting ART in Europe and North America. METHODS: In this collaborative observational cohort study, we used data from 17 European and North American HIV cohorts contributing data to the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment-related adverse drug reactions (TB-ADR) can negatively affect adherence and treatment success rates. METHODS: We developed prediction models for TB-ADR, considering drug-susceptible pulmonary TB participants who initiated standard TB therapy. TB-ADR were determined by the physician attending the participant, assessing causality to TB drugs, the affected organ system, and grade. Potential baseline predictors of TB-ADR included concomitant medication (CM)-use, HIV-status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), age, body mass index (BMI), sex, substance use, and TB drug metabolism variables (NAT2 acetylator profiles)...

BACKGROUND: Globally, 56.8 million people are living with hepatitis C and over three-quarters of those reside in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Barriers and enablers to hepatitis C care among people who inject drugs in high-income countries are well documented. However, there is scant literature describing the patient experience in LMICs. Understanding the barriers and enablers to care from the patient perspective is important to inform service refinements to improve accessibility and acceptability of hepatitis C care...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of liver cancer, accounting for 85-90% of liver cancer cases and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The major risk factors for HCC include hepatitis C and B viral infections, along with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with metabolic syndrome. Despite the advancements in modern medicine, there is a continuous rise in the annual global incidence rate of HCC, and it is estimated to reach >1 million cases by 2025...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine trends in overall mortality rates for liver cancer and those within subgroups according to sex, age, aetiological factors and modifiable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019. DESIGN: The design of this study involved analysing liver cancer mortality rates in China from 1990 to 2019 using joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in mortality rates. Annual percentage changes (APCs) and 95% CIs were used to quantify the magnitude of changes in mortality rates...