Lithium disease

The role of lithium as a possible therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases has generated scientific interest. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed pre-clinical and clinical studies that evidenced the neuroprotective effects of lithium in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We followed the PRISMA guidelines and performed the systematic literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 32 articles were identified. Twenty-nine studies were performed in animal models and 3 studies were performed on human samples of AD...

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients experience diverse symptoms, including memory loss, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood changes, and mental issues. The fundamental objective of this review is to discuss novel therapeutic approaches, with special emphasis on recently approved marketed formulations for the treatment of AD, especially Aducanumab, the first FDA approved moiety that surpasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduces amyloid plaques in the brain, thereby reducing associated cognitive decline...

Lactate is an important biochemistry analyte used in human and veterinary medicine to assess tissue perfusion and can be used as a prognostic indicator for certain disease conditions. Whereas lactate is commonly measured using "patient-side" handheld meters, these meters have not been validated for companion avian species. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of agreement between 2 commercially available point-of-care lactate meters and a laboratory benchtop blood analyzer in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis )...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has an important impact on the kidney through direct and indirect damage mechanisms. Most previous studies have highlighted lesions caused by this virus in the early segments of the nephron. However, due to the antigenic characteristics of the virus, with almost ubiquitous receptors, and the molecular release it triggers, the distal segments of the nephron could also be affected. METHODS: A 71 year-old-man with respiratory failure while suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia presented with typical symptoms of diabetes insipidus after ~20 days of hospitalization...

INTRODUCTION: Gambling disorder (GD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and problematic betting behavior. GD generates distress and impairment, and treatment options include psychological and pharmacological interventions. AREAS COVERED: This narrative review explores existing pharmacological treatments for GD. The following classes of medications were considered: opioid-receptor antagonists (e.g. naltrexone and nalmefene), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e...

Lithium is considered a gold standard drug for the management of bipolar disorder and is a widely used mood-stabilizing drug in psychiatry practice. However, its side effects are of important concern. The narrow therapeutic index of lithium predispose to its toxicity/side effects, but various case reports and research has shown that adverse drug reactions can occur even in the therapeutic range. We present the case of a 56-year-old woman with no history of cardiac illness presenting with tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome along with moderate pulmonary hypertension...

INTRODUCTION: Reduced brain energy metabolism, mTOR dysregulation, and extracellular amyloid-β oligomer (xcAβO) buildup characterize AD; how they collectively promote neurodegeneration is poorly understood. We previously reported that xcAβOs inhibit N utrient-induced M itochondrial A ctivity (NiMA) in cultured neurons. We now report NiMA disruption in vivo . METHODS: Brain energy metabolism and oxygen consumption were recorded in APP SAA/+ mice using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging and multiparametric photoacoustic microscopy...

Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a devastating autosomal recessive leukodystrophy, resulting in neurological deterioration and premature death, and without curative treatment. Pathogenic hypomorphic variants in subunits of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) cause VWM. eIF2B is required for regulating the integrated stress response (ISR), a physiological response to cellular stress. In patients' central nervous system, reduced eIF2B activity causes deregulation of the ISR. In VWM mouse models, the extent of ISR deregulation correlates with disease severity...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how various tooth preparation designs impact the adaptation-both at the margins and internally-and the retentive strength of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) produced endocrowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 extracted human mandibular first molars were endodontically treated and assigned into three groups (n = 20) according to the tooth preparation design: Group N: butt joint design, Group F and F1 received 1- and 2-mm circumferential ferrule preparation, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Busulfan is widely used in conditioning regimens to prepare patients for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is critical due to large inter- and intra-individual variability in busulfan pharmacokinetics, and the risk of adverse consequences of toxicity including hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Busulfan is most commonly measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which is not as widely available in clinical laboratories as automated routine clinical chemistry analyzers...

Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant threat in many Southeast Asian countries, particularly through the sylvatic cycle, which has a wildlife reservoir in forests and rural areas. Studying the composition and diversity of vectors and pathogen transmission is especially challenging in forests and rural areas due to their remoteness, limited accessibility, lack of power, and underdeveloped infrastructure. This study is based on the WHO mosquito sampling protocol, modifies technical details to support mosquito collection in difficult-to-access and resource-limited areas...

Osteonecrosis is a devastating orthopedic disease in clinic that generally occurs in the femoral head associating with corticosteroid use up to 49 % in patients. In particular, glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is closely related to the local immune response that characterized by abnormal macrophage activation and inflammatory cell infiltration at the necrotic site, forming a pro-inflammatory microenvironment dominated by M1 macrophages, and thus leads to failure of bone repair and regeneration...

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care (POC) biochemistry analyzers are widely used in small animal clinical practice but infrequently independently assessed for performance. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of two current model point-of-care biochemistry analyzers (Heska Element DC and IDEXX Catalyst) compared with a commercial laboratory analyzer (Cobas 8000). METHODS: One hundred twenty-one cats from a feline hospital population were sampled with plasma results from a single lithium heparin tube assessed on all three analyzers...

Rapid fibrinogen (Fbg) evaluation is important in patients with massive bleeding during severe trauma and those undergoing major surgery. However, there are only a few studies on the point-of-care Fbg analyzer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of Fbg level measured using CG02N, with whole blood contained in lithium-heparinized syringes with two different concentrations of heparin. Blood samples were collected in lithium-heparinized tubes, namely PREZA-PAK®II (low-dose heparin group [LG], 7 IU/mL) and Pro-Vent® Plus (high-dose heparin group [HG], 70...

The role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in epilepsy and the effects of its modulators as efficacious treatment options, though postulated, has not been sufficiently investigated. We evaluated the involvement of β-catenin and GSK-3β, the significant proteins in this pathway, in the lithium chloride-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model in rodents to study acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The modulators studied were 6-BIO, a GSK-3β inhibitor and Sulindac, a Dvl protein inhibitor...

Introduction The German Diabetes Association recommends use of sampling tubes with citrate and fluoride additives in the diagnosis of diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test to inhibit glycolysis. The effect of different tubes on measurement results was assessed. Materials and Methods In a first study, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 41 participants without anamnestically known diabetes. Venous blood was sampled in two different tubes with citrate/fluoride additives from different manufacturers and one with only lithium-heparin additive...

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered susceptibility loci associated with psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, most of these loci are in non-coding regions of the genome, and the causal mechanisms of the link between genetic variation and disease risk is unknown. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis of bulk tissue is a common approach used for deciphering underlying mechanisms, although this can obscure cell-type-specific signals and thus mask trait-relevant mechanisms...

INTRODUCTION: Agranulocytosis is a rare, but serious complication of methimazole (MMI) use for Graves' disease (GD). Treatment requires discontinuation of MMI, and the use of propylthiouracil (PTU) is also contraindicated. Few reports exist about the optimal alternative treatment regimens for the management of thyrotoxicosis in these medically complex patients in the pediatric population. CASE REPORT: We report prolonged saturated solution of potassium Iodide (SSKI) use (29 days) in a 17-year-old female with GD and MMI-induced agranulocytosis, who presented with septic shock...

BACKGROUND: There has been no previous study in Thailand regarding the incidence of lithium-induced abnormal renal function. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effect of lithium maintenance therapy on chronic kidney disease, and associated factors among outpatients diagnosed with a psychiatric illness within Southern Thailand. METHODS: This was a retrospective study, using an information review from the electronic medical records of Songklanagarind Hospital computer system in the last ten years; from 1 January 2013 until 31 September 2022...

Lithium remains an effective option in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). Thus, we aim to characterize the pharmaco-epidemiological patterns of lithium use internationally over time and elucidate clinical correlates associated with BD using a scoping review, which was conducted using the methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley (2005). We searched several databases for studies that examined the prescriptions for lithium and clinical associations in BD from inception until December 2023. This review included 55 articles from 1967 to 2023, which collected data from North America ( n = 24, 43...