Neonatal pneumonia etiology

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may manifest as a life-threatening respiratory infection with systemic complications. Clinical manifestations among children are generally less severe than those seen in adults, but critical cases have increasingly been reported in infants less than 1 year of age. We report a severe case of neonatal COVID-19 requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation, further complicated by a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter asburiae super-infection...

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized neonates. Data on antibiotic resistance in neonatal BSIs and their impact on clinical outcomes in Africa are limited. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study at 2 tertiary level neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Ghana. All neonates admitted to the NICUs were included from October 2017 to September 2019. We monitored BSI rates and analyzed the effect of BSI and antibiotic resistance on mortality and duration of hospitalization...

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death among children <5 years of age beyond the neonatal period in Thailand. Using data from the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study, we provide a detailed description of pneumonia cases and etiology in Thailand to inform local treatment and prevention strategies in this age group. METHODS: PERCH, a multi-country case-control study, evaluated the etiology of hospitalized cases of severe and very severe pneumonia among children 1-59 months of age...

Aim of the study: Neonatal cholestasis (NC) constitutes a large proportion of pediatric liver disorders. Nevertheless, awareness of the variant etiologies and how to manage them appropriately are lacking. So, out of a few specialized centers, many cases pass without appropriate management. This study aimed to present our tertiary level center's experience in NC that could increase the pediatrician's awareness of handling this problematic and common medical morbidity efficiently. Material and methods: It is a retrospective study in which we analyzed the NC cases admitted to the inpatient department within three years...

Background: Nosocomial infection outbreaks in neonatal services are a serious healthcare concern in both developed and developing countries, but few studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: This study explored the etiology of septicemia in neonates and associated patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Gabon. Methods: We analyzed cultures from neonates' blood and swabs from medical personnel and equipment located in the neonatology service...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is an overwhelming and life-threatening response to bacteria in bloodstream and a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Understanding the etiology and potential risk factors for neonatal sepsis is urgently required, particularly in low-income countries where burden of infection is high and its epidemiology is poorly understood. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted between April 2016 and October 2017 in a level three NICU at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal to determine the bacterial etiology and potential risk factors for neonatal sepsis...

BACKGROUND: Meningitis, which is mostly caused by infectious agents, occurs more commonly during the first month of life. Bacterial meningitis is an important source of mortality and morbidity, especially in neonates of resource-limited countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and etiological agents of bacterial meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonates at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. METHODS: We collected retrospective data from bacteriological results of cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis suspected neonates from 2013 to 2019...

Identifying the etiology of an acute respiratory infection in children is a well-known challenge. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and its serum counterpart, which is known to be higher in bacterial infections but necessitates a venipuncture. Salivary and serum CRPs were measured in children with an acute respiratory illness, aged 2 months to 18 years. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to measure correlation. Discrimination of the salivary CRP levels for predicting serum levels above 100 mg/L was calculated and compared to serum CRP levels...

BACKGROUND: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has one of the highest neonatal death rates (between 14% and 28%) in the world. In the DRC, neonatal sepsis causes 15.6% of this mortality, but data on the bacterial etiology and associated drug susceptibility are lacking. METHODS: Hemocultures of 150 neonates with possible early-onset neonatal sepsis (pEOS) were obtained at the Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (Bukavu, DRC)...

From the moment of the identification of SARS-CoV-2 as an etiological agent of the severe clinical pictures of pneumonia that were being slowly observed all over the world, numerous studies have been conducted to increase the knowledge about what was an unknown virus until then. The efforts were mainly aimed to acquire epidemiological, microbiological, pathogenetic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive information in order to increase the available weapons to fight an infection which was rapidly taking on the characteristics of the pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and early-onset sepsis has poor outcomes. The causative bacteria vary depending on the geographical location of the hospital. This study aimed to determine the changing trends of causative bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility in the past decade. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the blood culture of positive cases of early-onset sepsis admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital between 2009 and 2018...

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial infections (NI) are frequent complications in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) which result in high morbidity and mortality. AIM: To determine and analyze the incidence, risk factors and etiologic agents of NI in newborns admitted in the NICU to help plan-ning future surveillance and prevention strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was carried out at the NICU of St George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bul-garia from January 1, 2017 to June 31, 2018...

BACKGROUND: The safety and clinical application of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB-BAL) in preterm neonates with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have not been fully investigated, and limited data on the feasibility of this method are available. METHODS: Premature infants with clinically suspected VAP between October 2017 and June 2019 were enrolled, and NB-BAL was performed. The tolerance and safety of NB-BAL were prospectively recorded during the procedure, and the clinical applications of NB-BAL were observed...

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are at risk for a variety of COVID-19 complications. CASE: We report a case of acute pancreatitis in a pregnant patient hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. Comprehensive evaluation ruled out other etiologies of acute pancreatitis. Preterm labor developed at 33 5/7 weeks of gestation, and the patient delivered a liveborn male neonate; neonatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) screening was negative...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal death worldwide as well as in Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to identify the risk factors and causative organisms of neonatal sepsis after delivery in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh. METHODS: This was a case-control study conducted in the neonatal ward of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), a 1000-bed tertiary hospital situated in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Neonates diagnosed as neonatal sepsis by clinical and laboratory parameters were included as cases in this study...

Massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD) and the related entity of maternal floor infarction (MFI) are uncommon placental disorders of unknown etiology, associated with adverse obstetric outcome and a significant risk of recurrence. We describe a 19-year-old mother with untreated syphilis who delivered a male neonate with low birth weight, skin desquamation, and pneumonia. Placenta examination showed the expected changes for syphilis but unexpectedly, also showed MPFD. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MPFD associated with placental syphilis, thus expanding the list of etiologies that may be related to MPFD/MFI...

Neonatal pneumonia is mostly bacterial and other etiology is considered less frequently. We report a case of newborn whose neonatal pneumonia has not improved, despite the aggressive ventilation regime and empiric antibiotic therapy. A special sample from the respiratory tract was collected for PCR examination. The test confirmed the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. Antibiotic therapy was extended to include metronidazole. Targeted antibiotic therapy, which lasted for 28 days, improved the condition and the patient was discharged in a stabilized condition to home care on the 44th day of life...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is the third most common cause of death among neonates, with about 225,000 newborns dying every year globally. Data concerning the microbial etiology of neonatal sepsis and antimicrobial resistance profiles of its causative agents are necessary to inform targeted and effective treatment and prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of newborns with symptoms and signs of sepsis who had a positive blood culture, its bacterial etiology, the antimicrobial resistance patterns as well as the factors associated with culture-positivity and case fatality at Mulago national referral hospital in Uganda...

BACKGROUND: The etiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) changes over time due to updated immunization programs, new antibiotic-use strategies, changes in patient mix and travel. Continuous surveillance can guide empiric therapy and identify targets for prevention. METHOD: We conducted a descriptive retrospective analysis among children <18 years of age who were detected with BSI between July 1998 and June 2018 for changes in the incidence, risk factors, and etiology of BSI in a Swedish tertiary hospital (Karolinska University Hospital)...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal septicemia is a life threatening medical emergency that requires timely detection of pathogens with urgent rational antibiotics therapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2017 to September 2018 among 317 septicemia suspected neonates at neonatal intensive care unit, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, North Ethiopia. A 3 mL of blood was collected from each participant. Identification of bacterial species was done using the standard microbiological techniques...