keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34594206/toxic-keratoconjunctivitis-from-coral-reef
#21
Tedi Begaj, Stephan Ong Tone, Joseph B Ciolino
A 25-year-old woman presented with right eye pain, lid edema, conjunctival injection and chemosis, and mild corneal epitheliopathy after exposure to fluid content from an aquarium coral reef. Topical moxifloxacin and prednisolone were started 4 times daily, with full clinical resolution after 2 weeks. Toxin-mediated keratoconjunctivitis may occur after exposure to zoanthid coral reef, particularly in aquarium enthusiasts. Topical corticosteroids in tandem with topical antibiotics appear to be effective in mild disease...
May 2021: Case Reports in Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34564654/toward-isolation-of-palytoxins-liquid-chromatography-coupled-to-low-or-high-resolution-mass-spectrometry-for-the-study-on-the-impact-of-drying-techniques-solvents-and-materials
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonia Mazzeo, Michela Varra, Luciana Tartaglione, Patrizia Ciminiello, Zita Zendong, Philipp Hess, Carmela Dell'Aversano
Palytoxin (PLTX) and its congeners are emerging toxins held responsible for a number of human poisonings following the inhalation of toxic aerosols, skin contact, or the ingestion of contaminated seafood. Despite the strong structural analogies, the relative toxic potencies of PLTX congeners are quite different, making it necessary to isolate them individually in sufficient amounts for toxicological and analytical purposes. Previous studies showed poor PLTX recoveries with a dramatic decrease in PLTX yield throughout each purification step...
September 14, 2021: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33970342/dynamics-of-the-genus-ostreopsis-gonyaulacales-dinophyceae-in-a-mediterranean-fish-farm
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryhane Lounas, Hamza Kasmi, Safia Chernai, Nadia Amarni, Boualem Hamdi
This study revealed the dynamics of the genus Ostreopsis in the south-western Mediterranean Sea fish farm during the 2016 and 2017 summers. This phytoplankton is known to produce palytoxin-like compounds, listed among the most potent marine toxins known, and can pose a serious concern for humans in the Mediterranean area. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained the significance of temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the proliferation of this toxic dinoflagellate. The peak of the Ostreopsis sp...
May 10, 2021: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33469260/coral-keratitis-case-report-and-review-of-mechanisms-of-action-clinical-management-and-prognosis-of-ocular-exposure-to-palytoxin
#24
REVIEW
Ryan T Barrett, Jordan P Hastings, Yasmyne C Ronquillo, Phillip C Hoopes, Majid Moshirfar
Palytoxin is one of the most lethal natural toxins ever discovered. This molecule has been isolated from various marine animals, including zoanthid corals. This popular organism is commonly found in many home saltwater aquariums due to its beauty and survivability. As a result of an increase in popularity, an increased number of individuals are at risk for exposure to this potentially deadly toxin. Affected patients may experience various symptoms based on the route of exposure (ie, cutaneous contact, inhalation of aerosolized toxin, ocular exposure, or ingestion)...
2021: Clinical Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33129466/taxonomy-and-toxicity-of-a-bloom-forming-ostreopsis-species-dinophyceae-gonyaulacales-in-tahiti-island-south-pacific-ocean-one-step-further-towards-resolving-the-identity-of-o-siamensis
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicolas Chomérat, Gwenael Bilien, Jérôme Viallon, Fabienne Hervé, Damien Réveillon, Kévin Henry, Mayalen Zubia, Christophe Vieira, André Ung, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Mélanie Roué, Amélie Derrien, Zouher Amzil, Hélène Taiana Darius, Mireille Chinain
Among dinoflagellates responsible for benthic harmful algal blooms, the genus Ostreopsis primarily described from tropical areas has been increasingly reported from subtropical and temperate areas worldwide. Several species of this toxigenic genus produce analogs of palytoxin, thus representing a major threat to human and environmental health. The taxonomy of several species needs to be clarified as it was based mostly on morphological descriptions leading in some cases to ambiguous interpretations and misidentifications...
September 2020: Harmful Algae
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33017286/in-silico-laboratory-experiments-using-statistical-model-checking-a-new-model-of-the-palytoxin-induced-pump-channel-as-case-study
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriel Domingo Vilallonga, Daniel Edgardo Riesco, Antonio-Carlos Guimaraes Almeida, Antonio Marcio Rodrigues, Sergio V A Campos
Studying biological systems is a difficult but important task. Traditional methods include laboratory experimentation and computer simulations. However, often researchers need to explore important but potentially rare events that are not easily observed or simulated. We use UPPAAL-SMC, a formal verification tool to support a methodology that allows modelling biological systems, specify events and conditions that we want to analyze, and to explore system executions using controlled simulations. We also describe an efficient way to reproduce laboratory experiments in silico...
October 5, 2020: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32823835/in-vitro-cell-sensitivity-to-palytoxin-correlates-with-high-gene-expression-of-the-na-k-atpase-%C3%AE-2-subunit-isoform
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Pelin, Gabriele Stocco, Chiara Florio, Silvio Sosa, Aurelia Tubaro
The marine polyether palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most toxic natural compounds, and is involved in human poisonings after oral, inhalation, skin and/or ocular exposure. Epidemiological and molecular evidence suggest different inter-individual sensitivities to its toxic effects, possibly related to genetic-dependent differences in the expression of Na+ /K+ -ATPase, its molecular target. To identify Na+ /K+ -ATPase subunits, isoforms correlated with in vitro PLTX cytotoxic potency, sensitivity parameters (EC50 : PLTX concentration reducing cell viability by 50%; Emax: maximum effect induced by the highest toxin concentration; 10-7 M) were assessed in 60 healthy donors' monocytes by the MTT (methylthiazolyl tetrazolium) assay...
August 14, 2020: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32751719/in-vivo-evaluation-of-the-chronic-oral-toxicity-of-the-marine-toxin-palytoxin
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Boente-Juncal, Sandra Raposo-García, Carmen Vale, M Carmen Louzao, Paz Otero, Luis M Botana
Palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most poisonous substances known to date and considered as an emergent toxin in Europe. Palytoxin binds to the Na+ -K+ ATPase, converting the enzyme in a permeant cation channel. This toxin is known for causing human fatal intoxications associated with the consumption of contaminated fish and crustaceans such as crabs, groupers, mackerel, and parrotfish. Human intoxications by PLTX after consumption of contaminated fishery products are a serious health issue and can be fatal. Different reports have previously explored the acute oral toxicity of PLTX in mice...
July 30, 2020: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32724512/functional-significance-of-phylogeographic-structure-in-a-toxic-benthic-marine-microbial-eukaryote-over-a-latitudinal-gradient-along-the-east-australian-current
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arjun Verma, David J Hughes, D Tim Harwood, David J Suggett, Peter J Ralph, Shauna A Murray
Genetic diversity in marine microbial eukaryotic populations (protists) drives their ecological success by enabling diverse phenotypes to respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions. Despite enormous population sizes and lack of barriers to gene flow, genetic differentiation that is associated with geographic distance, currents, and environmental gradients has been reported from planktonic protists. However, for benthic protists, which have reduced dispersal opportunities, phylogeography and its phenotypic significance are little known...
July 2020: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32707130/a-case-of-long-term-neurological-and-respiratory-sequelae-of-inhalational-exposure-to-palytoxin
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Chang, Jonathan Deeds, Kenneth Spaeth
Palytoxin has been found in several soft coral species which are popular for in-home reef aquariums. Although a limited number of case reports describing acute respiratory distress after inhalational exposure to palytoxin have been reported, there have been no reports regarding the potential long-term effects of inhalational exposure to palytoxin in the literature. This case follows an aquatic specialist in the U.S. over a period of seven years after a single intense occupational exposure to the aerosolized toxin from cleaning of a residential aquarium...
July 21, 2020: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32635020/palytoxin-like-effect-from-palythoa-caribaeorum-on-rhinella-marina-oocytes-on-the-atlantic-coast-of-colombia
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine Medina-Ortiz, Santiago Castaño Valencia
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 20, 2020: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32371068/toxin-profile-of-ostreopsis-cf-ovata-from-portuguese-continental-coast-and-selvagens-islands-madeira-portugal
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucía Soliño, María García-Altares, Lia Godinho, Pedro Reis Costa
The toxigenic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata is known to produce a range of palytoxin (PLTX) - related compounds named ovatoxins (OVTX). O. cf. ovata presents a wide variability in toxin production and its toxic profile is strain-specific. Several OVTXs, denominated from -a to -h and -l have been reported from different strains of this benthic microalgae up to now, mainly in Mediterranean isolates. However, less is known about the toxin profile of the strains present in the Atlantic coasts of Europe. In this work, strains of O...
May 1, 2020: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32303665/paralytic-shellfish-poisoning-and-palytoxin-poisoning-in-dogs
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola Bates, Cassandra Morrison, Leah Flaig, Andrew D Turner
BACKGROUND: Fatal cases of exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins and palytoxins have occurred in companion animals but are poorly described. METHODS: We describe one case of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and three cases of palytoxin poisoning in dogs. RESULTS: Mild PSP occurred following ingestion of crab while walking on a beach. Analysis confirmed the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins, particularly decarbamoyl saxitoxin, in clinical samples and marine organisms...
April 17, 2020: Veterinary Record
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32113596/toxin-content-of-ostreopsis-cf-ovata-depends-on-bloom-phases-depth-and-macroalgal-substrate-in-the-nw-mediterranean-sea
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marin-Pierre Gémin, Damien Réveillon, Fabienne Hervé, Anne-Sophie Pavaux, Maxime Tharaud, Véronique Séchet, Samuel Bertrand, Rodolphe Lemée, Zouher Amzil
Over the last fifteen years, blooms of the genus Ostreopsis have been reported more frequently and at higher abundances in the Mediterranean area. Ostreopsis cf. ovata is known to produce ovatoxins (OVTXs), structural analogues of palytoxin, which is one of the most potent non-polymeric toxins. However, the production of OVTXs is poorly characterized in situ. The present study focuses on toxin content and profile according to the bloom phase during summer 2017 in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France (NW Mediterranean Sea), depth (from 0...
February 2020: Harmful Algae
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32056831/reevaluation-of-the-acute-toxicity-of-palytoxin-in-mice-determination-of-lethal-dose-50-ld-50-and-no-observed-adverse-effect-level-noael
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Boente-Juncal, Carmen Vale, Mercedes Camiña, J Manuel Cifuentes, Mercedes R Vieytes, Luis M Botana
Palytoxin is an emergent toxin in Europe and one of the most toxic substances know to date. The toxin disrupts the physiological functioning of the Na+ /K+ -ATPase converting the enzyme in a permeant cation channel. Human intoxications by PLTX after consumption of contaminated fishery products are a serious health issue and can be fatal. Several reports have previously investigated the oral and intraperitoneal toxicity of PLTX in mice. However, in all cases short observation periods (24 and 48 h) after toxin administration were evaluated...
January 24, 2020: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31833831/-nioella-ostreopsis-sp-nov-isolated-from-toxic-dinoflagellate-ostreopsis-lenticularis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiao Yang, Zhiwei Jiang, Xin Zhou, Ruonan Zhang, Yiru Wu, Linghao Lou, Zetao Ma, Dongfang Wang, Yaming Ge, Xiaoling Zhang, Xinwei Yu
A novel short-rod-shaped bacterial strain with poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid granules inside, designated as Z7-4T , was isolated from a culture of a marine dinoflagellate with palytoxin-producing capacity, Ostreopsis lenticularis OS06, collected from the East China Sea. Cells of Z7-4T were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic, 0.9-1.2 µm wide and 2.0-3.9 µm long. Growth occurred in 1-4 % (w/v) NaCl, at 15-37 °C and at pH 5.0-10.0, with optimum growth in 3.5 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7...
February 2020: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31689553/effects-of-palytoxins-extracted-from-ostreopsis-ovata-on-the-oxidative-stress-and-immune-responses-in-pacific-white-shrimp-litopenaeus-vannamei
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingyi Cen, Lei Cui, Yafei Duan, Hua Zhang, Yarou Lin, Jiping Zheng, Songhui Lu
Palytoxins (PLTXs) are a group of complex and poisonous marine natural products that are toxic to marine life and even human beings. In the present study, the oxidative stress and immune response in the hepatopancreas and gills of Litopenaeus vannamei were assessed for 72 h after injection with PLTX extracts. Chemical and physiological parameters, e.g., the respiratory burst (O2 - ), activities of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage to lipids, carbonylation of proteins, and immune gene mRNA expression levels, were analysed...
November 2, 2019: Fish & Shellfish Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31670367/marine-natural-products-from-zoantharians-bioactivity-biosynthesis-systematics-and-ecological-roles
#38
REVIEW
Paul O Guillen, Karla B Jaramillo, Grégory Genta-Jouve, Olivier P Thomas
Covering: up to the end of 2018Zoantharians, also improperly known as zoanthids or colonial anemones, are well known by aquarists because of their ease of use in aquaria but also because of their splendid colours. However, high concentrations of the highly toxic palytoxin found in some species of zoantharians maintained in reef aquaria has raised some issues recently, unveiling at the same time a rather unknown chemical diversity hidden in these marine beauties. Herein, we report the structure of the metabolites described in all species of zoantharians up to the end of 2018 and their associated biological activities...
October 31, 2019: Natural Product Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31664144/study-of-the-binding-mechanism-of-aptamer-to-palytoxin-by-docking-and-molecular-simulation
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bo Hu, Rong Zhou, Zhengang Li, Shengqun Ouyang, Zhen Li, Wei Hu, Lianghua Wang, Binghua Jiao
This paper provides a feasible model for molecular structure analysis and interaction mechanism of aptamer and micromolecule. In this study, modeling and dynamic simulation of ssDNA aptamer (P-18S2) and target (Palytoxin, PTX) were performed separately. Then, the complex structure between DNA and PTX was predicted, and docking results showed that PTX could combine steadily at the groove's top of DNA model by strong hydrogen-bonds and electrostatic interaction. Thus, we truncated and optimized P-18S2 by simulating...
October 29, 2019: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31642409/drug-leads-derived-from-japanese-marine-organisms
#40
REVIEW
Daisuke Uemura, Yoshinori Kawazoe, Toshiyasu Inuzuka, Yuki Itakura, Chiari Kawamata, Takahiro Abe
Many natural products with extraordinary chemical structures and brilliant biological activities have been obtained from marine organisms. We have investigated such fascinating bioactive molecules, exemplified by the potent marine toxin palytoxin and the antitumor molecule halichondrin B, which has been developed as the anticancer drug Halaven®, to explore novel frontiers in organic chemistry and bioscience. Working within the traditional discipline, we have sought to acquire a deeper understanding of biological phenomena...
2021: Current Medicinal Chemistry
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