Livedo reticularis

Dear Editor, Ticks carry many diseases, bacteria, and viruses and represent a very important healthcare issue both in Croatia and globally. Although most ticks are not infected with pathogens dangerous to humans, some ticks can transmit infectious diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. This is caused by the increasing incidence of many tick-borne diseases over a growing geographical area. Many factors influence which species of ticks are present in a given geographical area, as well as the density of their population and the risk of human exposure to infected ticks...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects young women and is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) may complicate the clinical picture, often leading to recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis. This case report underscores the significance of two unique aspects: the rare occurrence of an atrial thrombus and the presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)-negative SLE. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old woman presented with a history of symmetric polyarticular joint pain, oral ulcers, significant weight loss, and a history of unprovoked popliteal thrombosis and two unexplained abortions...

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Sneddon syndrome, also known as livedo reticularis with cerebrovascular accidents, is a rare but chronic condition that affects blood vessels in the skin and brain. This syndrome is characterized by a net-like appearance on the skin, known as livedo reticularis, which occurs due to the constriction of blood vessels. In addition to skin manifestations, Sneddon syndrome is often associated with repeated neurological events, such as strokes or transient ischemic attacks. These neurological symptoms can vary in severity and can lead to various complications...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) patients with cardiac involvement, and to identify the factors associated with this cardiac involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on the analysis of the "CAPS Registry", the demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics of patients with cardiac involvement were analyzed. Cardiac involvement was defined as heart failure, valvular disease, acute myocardial infarction, pericardial effusion, pulmonary arterial hypertension, systolic dysfunction, intracardiac thrombosis, and microvascular disease...

Sneddon syndrome may present with neurological findings such as transient ischemic stroke, strokes, seizures and/or headaches. However, a purplish, spider web-like skin finding called livedo reticularis may accompany the skin and precede neurological findings. Sneddon syndrome often affects women. Since it is vasculopathy affecting small and medium vessels, other organ findings may accompany. We present a 44-year-old Sneddon syndrome patient with monoparesis in her left lower extremity, livedo reticularis on her back and legs, and hypertension...

Sneddon's syndrome (SS) manifests through multiple strokes and livedo reticularis. Livedoid vasculopathy (VL) is characterized by a long history of foot and leg ulceration and histopathology indicating a thrombotic process. Arterial retinal branch occlusion is described in a 52-year-old male with VL. He did not present noticeable laboratory abnormalities, such as antiphospholipid antibodies, or a history of strokes. Retinal artery occlusion accompanied by VL could be a variant of Sneddon's syndrome. Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed a reduction in the macula's vascular layers in the asymptomatic eye, indicating localized microvascular changes as an evolving marker in the pathogenesis of SS...

Livedo reticularis (LR) is a unique cutaneous condition characterized by a reddish-blue to purple, net-like cyanosis of the skin, often associated with disturbances in cutaneous blood flow. This case report discusses a 30-year-old woman with a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis, vitamin D deficiency, migraines, and goiter who presents with painful, localized LR on her right flank. Despite her extensive medical history, there were no significant findings in her laboratory and imaging studies, including a normal epidermis in skin biopsies...

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Stroke is considered one of the most common and life-threatening manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which leads to high mortality and permanent disability. This study investigated the prevalence and the potential risk factors of stroke in APS. We enrolled 361 APS patients retrospectively from 2009 to 2022 at Peking University People's Hospital. Stroke was found in 25.8% (93/361) of the participants. The multivariate logistic regression showed that hypertension, diabetes, livedo reticularis, and other central nervous system involvements were significant related factors for stroke...

This clinical case report aims to highlight the unusual presentation of Sneddon syndrome with a possible association with paroxysmal hemicrania. A medical record review was performed at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data collected include clinical evaluations and laboratory and imaging results. Informed consent was obtained. Hereby, we present a 27-year-old female who presented with multiple stroke attacks, along with severe headaches involving right retro-orbital pain with an eight-year history of spotted skin lesions...

The clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, skin and neuropathological features of 7 patients who had reticular cyanosis with peripheral neuropathy from the Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 7 patients, 5 were female and 2 were male.The age of onset of peripheral neuropathy was (39.8±21.3) years and the disease duration of peripheral neuropathy was (2.7±2.3) years. Three patients had acute onset and 4 patients had chronic onset...

Acute necrotising encephalitis (ANE) is a rare and life-threatening disorder typically associated with viral pathogens triggering an inflammatory response. It is characterised by rapid neurological deterioration linked to a cytokinetic storm which radiologically manifests with cerebral radiological changes. We present a unique case not previously documented of an immunocompetent 23-year-old male who survived the course of ANE, with widespread involvement of the brain including the deep white matter, cortex, superior frontal gyrus, occipital lobe and cerebellum...

Livedoid vasculopathy is a rare condition affecting the cutaneous vasculature. Patients typically develop bilateral lower limb ulcers that tend to recur and do not heal. Edema, discomfort, and itching are linked to ulcers. The patient's quality of life is negatively impacted by this. Atrophie blanche , a stellate, porcelain-white scar, is typically left behind once these ulcers heal. Livedoid vasculitis, livedo reticularis with ulcerations, atrophie blanche , segmental hyalinizing vasculitis, and painful purpuric ulcers with a reticular pattern on the lower limbs are some of the terminologies used to describe livedoid vasculopathy...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of non-criteria clinical features in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and to assess their relationship to thrombosis and damage. METHODS: We retrospectively included 177 primary APS patients, and/or patients who only achieved the serological Sydney criteria but had thrombocytopenia and/or haemolytic anaemia. We registered demographics, serology, treatment, thrombotic/obstetric manifestations and non-criteria clinical manifestations (cutaneous, haematologic, renal, heart valve disease, and neurological)...

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) is a form of medium-sized vessel necrotizing vasculitis. It is a rare, skin-limited variant of polyarteritis nodosa, characterized by dermal and subcutaneous tissue involvement. The most common findings in cPAN include digital gangrene, livedo reticularis, and tender subcutaneous nodules. However, while limited to the skin, cPAN results in significant morbidity and mortality due to the accompanying skin ischemia and necrosis, such that patients are vulnerable to superinfection...

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Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory myopathy with an incidence of 9.63 per 1 000 000 people and typically presents with skin rash and muscle weakness. We report a case of DM that presented with proximal muscle weakness, normal creatine phosphokinase (CPK), negative myositis antibody panel, and non-specific histopathological findings on muscle biopsy, without initial skin involvement. A 67-year-old male presented with subacute bilateral proximal lower-extremity weakness and weight loss of 20 pounds over 3 months...

BACKGROUND: This report delves into the diagnostic and therapeutic journey undertaken by a patient with Sneddon's syndrome (SS) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Particular emphasis is placed on the comprehensive elucidation of SS's clinical manifestations, the intricate path to diagnosis, and the exploration of potential underlying mechanisms. CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old woman presented with recurrent episodes of paroxysmal unilateral limb weakness accompanied by skin mottling, seizures, and cognitive impairment...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a rare co-occurrence with systemic sclerosis, in around 2.5-9% of patients. The clinical manifestations and prognosis of vasculitis in systemic sclerosis depend on organ involvement. It presented with rapidly progressive acute renal failure without malignant hypertension, and with pitting hand and foot ulcers get along with purpuric vasculitis in some cases reports. Reports had found that survival in those with pulmonary-renal syndrome is poor...