Diabetes type two children

OBJECTIVES: To describe continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) derived glycemic variables, and study their association with HbA1c and socio-economic factors in young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: Ninety-two participants [age 15.7 ± 5.0 y (mean ± SD), HbA1c 8.0 ± 1.5% (mean ± SD)] wore a professional CGM sensor for 14 d. RESULTS: Median (IQR) time in range (TIR) was 41 (18)%...

INTRODUCTION: In adults, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors have revolutionised the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review information on compassionate use, clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in children. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published clinical trials, case reports, and observational studies in Medline, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science databases from inception to September 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Lipodystrophies are a group of disorders characterized by selective and variable loss of adipose tissue, which can result in an increased risk of insulin resistance and its associated complications. Women with lipodystrophy often have a high frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and may experience gynecological and obstetric complications. The objective of this study was to describe the gestational outcomes of patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) at a reference center with the aim of improving the understanding and management of pregnant women affected by this condition...

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of an infant's life. Although evidence suggests that maintaining breastfeeding has positive impacts on glucose and lipid metabolism in postpartum women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), no study has investigated whether such effects differ between breastfeeding intensities. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of maintaining breastfeeding on prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) six months postpartum in women with GDM...

PURPOSE: Hypoglycemia represents a significant source of anxiety for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their caretakers. Fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) was measured in children and adolescents with T1DM as well as in their parents using an established research instrument, the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS). METHODS: This is a two-center, cross-sectional study involving 100 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old diagnosed with T1DM. One parent of each child also participated in the study...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with general- and diabetes-specific stress which has multiple adverse effects. Hence measuring stress is of great importance. An algometer measuring pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) has been shown to correlate to certain stress measures in adults. However, it has never been investigated in children and adolescents. The aim of our study was to examine associations between PPS and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), salivary cortisol and two questionnaires as well as to identify whether the algometer can be used as a clinical tool among children and adolescents with T1D...

OBJECTIVES: To understand the burden associated with pediatric chronic pain (CP) on the healthcare system compared with other costly chronic diseases prior to subspecialty care. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed all-cause healthcare utilization and direct healthcare costs associated with pediatric CP (n=91) compared with juvenile-onset arthritis (JA, n=135), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n=90), type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D, n=475, T2D, n=289), anxiety (n=7,193) and controls (n=273) two and five years prior to patients entering subspecialty care in Manitoba, Canada...

BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN) are two of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs): they both cause a relevant number of premature deaths worldwide and heavily impact the national health systems. This study illustrates the impact of HTN and T2D in four European countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Spain) and compares their policies towards the monitoring and management of HTN and T2D and the prevention of NCDs as a whole. This analysis is conducted throughout the DigiCare4You Project (H2020)-which implements an innovative solution involving digital tools for the prevention and management of T2D and HTN...

BACKGROUND:  Increasing chronic diseases challenges the health systems of low- and middle-income countries, including Cameroon. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), among the most common chronic diseases in children, poses particular care delivery challenges. AIM:  We examined social representations of patients' roles and implementation of T1D care among political decision-makers, healthcare providers and patients within families. SETTING:  The study was conducted in Yaoundé, Cameroon...

AIM: To determine the comparative effectiveness of fluid schemes for children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review with an attempt to conduct network meta-analysis (NMA). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Epistemonikos, Virtual Health Library, and gray literature from inception to July 31, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children with DKA evaluating any intravenous fluid schemes. We planned to conduct NMA to compare all fluid schemes if heterogeneity was deemed acceptable...

ABSTRACT Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0...

Metabolic memory refers to the long-term effects of achieving early glycemic control and the adverse implications of high blood glucose levels, including the development and progression of diabetes complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether the phenomenon of metabolic memory plays a role in the immune profile of young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study group included 67 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes with a mean age of 15.1 ± 2.3 years and a minimum disease duration of 1...

The primary objectives of the study were (a) to confirm that glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency affects HbA1c values in a sample of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and (b) to quantify this effect so that a correction can be applied to the HbA1c values found in current clinical practice. The following data were collected: age, sex, G6PD, number of daily capillary blood glucose measurements, 90-day average blood glucose levels prior to the study, HbA1c, and glycated hemoglobin estimated (eA1c) obtained from blood glucose levels...

The treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has always been a challenge for health professionals in relation to glycemic control. Increased body fat has been related to a worsening of the lipid profile and increased prevalence of dyslipidemia in this population, leading to negative repercussions on the control of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the distribution of lipid levels and the presence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with T1DM. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 81 individuals of both sexes (4-19 years) diagnosed with T1DM...

PURPOSE: Intermittent or concurrent use of Complementary and Alternative medicines (CAM) with insulin may have adverse effects in children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM). This study explores the practices of CAM use in children with T1DM. METHODS: An exploratory study was conducted among parents of children with T1DM attending a tertiary-level diabetes clinic. Data were collected using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS: Two-hundred parents were invited; 183 (91...

About a third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese in the United Arab Emirates, and referrals for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are now common. Despite excellent evidence that MBS should be considered in adolescents with severe obesity, it remains a management approach of last resort in many cases. Baseline, real-world data on adolescent patients living with obesity referred for surgery, their characteristics, and how these relate to current and future referral policy are important to ensure best practice...

OBJECTIVES: We sought within an ambulatory safety study to understand if the Revised Safer Dx instrument may be helpful in identification of diagnostic missed opportunities in care of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: We reviewed two months of emergency department (ED) encounters for all patients at our tertiary care site with T1D and a sample of such encounters for patients with ASD over a 15-month period, and their pre-visit communication methods to better understand opportunities to improve diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) imposes an unprecedented burden on children and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE: To assess the burden of T1D on children and their informal caregivers, both after a recent diagnosis or after a longer duration of disease. METHODS: A series of systematic literature reviews were performed to explore the burden of T1D on children with the disease and their primary informal caregivers, based on the time of diagnosis...

AIM: From an early age, exercise is key to managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, hypoglycemia around aerobic exercise is a major barrier to physical activity in children. We explore whether intermittent high-intensity aerobic exercise (IHE), designed to mimic spontaneous childhood physical activity patterns, offers better protection against glycemic drop than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). METHODS: Five boys and 7 girls with T1D (9.8 ± 1...

INTRODUCTION: Proteinuria is a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in children. Finerenone, a selective, non-steroidal, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) has been approved to treat adults with CKD associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following results from the phase III clinical trials FIDELIO-DKD (NCT02540993) and FIGARO-DKD (NCT02545049). In a pre-specified pooled analysis of both studies (N = 13,026), finerenone was shown to have an acceptable safety profile and was efficacious in decreasing the risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes and of proteinuria...