Acyclovir febrile neutropenia

Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) mostly presents its symptoms prior to cancer treatment. We present a case of anti-Sry-like high mobility group box 1 (SOX-1) antibody-positive PNS diagnosed during the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). A 65-year-old woman with a history of smoking and SCLC (T3N1M0) was hospitalized to receive chemo-radiation therapy. On day 14, the course was complicated by left mastitis associated with febrile neutropenia. Drainage was performed for the left mastitis, and cefepime was initiated...

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening complication that predisposes cancer patients to serious infections. This study aims to describe the epidemiology and source of infection in cancer patients with FN in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Data on cancer patients with FN were collected from the hospital information system...

Herpes Simplex Virus esophagitis typically manifests as mucocutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients, most frequently in organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. However, it has not been appropriately reported as a cause of febrile neutropenia despite being a relatively common opportunistic infection in this patient population.  A 58-year-old man recently diagnosed with Ewing Sarcoma for which he was receiving chemotherapy presented with febrile neutropenia. Following a prolonged hospital course characterized by persistent fevers, an endoscopic evaluation was performed and diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus esophagitis was confirmed via histopathology...

INTRODUCTION: The current recommended granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) dose after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (autoHSCT) in multiple myeloma patients is 5 mcg/kg/day administered subcutaneously until engraftment. Recently, our institution changed practice from weight-based to flat-dose G-CSF. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of flat-dose G-CSF on time to engraftment among multiple myeloma patients of different weight groups. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was completed for adult patients with multiple myeloma who underwent autoHSCT from March 2018 through August 2019...

INTRODUCTION: Febrile neutropenic patients are at risk of serious infections. The aim of the present study is to identify the frequency, species, and susceptibility patterns of candidemia in febrile neutropenic patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on febrile neutropenic patients suspected with candidemia who had been referred to 3 educational hospitals during 9 months. RESULTS: The blood samples of 80 febrile neutropenic patients with the mean age of 48±16...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acyclovir prophylaxis and preemptive ganciclovir treatment in preventing cytomegalovirus disease in children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 66 children (36 boys, 30 girls; mean age, 9 ± 5 y; age range, 2-20 y) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant at Ankara Children's Hematology and Oncology Hospital, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, between April 2010 and March 2012...

INTRODUCTION: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) and central line infections remain among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients because of prolonged neutropenia and mucosal damage. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and outcome of bacterial and fungal isolates from patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at the Aga Khan University and Hospital's bone marrow transplant unit...

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Among 232 ASCT cases performed at the Asan Medical Center, 114 cases underwent treatment with ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, and acyclovir (between January 2001 and August 2005), while 118 cases were performed without antimicrobial prophylaxis (between February 2004 and June 2008). The two-rate χ2 test was applied to accommodate the differences in neutropenia duration...

Molluscum contagiosum is an infectious disease presenting with flesh-colored, dome-shaped, umblicated papules. A few atypical presentations have been reported in immunodeficient patients. A 5-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, presented with bright white-colored papular lesions with no umblications on the chin during his continuation chemotherapy. Increased number of the lesions covered almost his entire chin in months. Topical therapies did not improve the lesions. After his bone marrow relapse, induction chemotherapy was withheld because of bronchopneumonia after febrile neutropenia...

Although the standard of care in febrile neutropenic patients includes the initiation of empirical antibacterial and antifungal therapy, many patients do not respond and need further diagnostic work up and treatment. Here, we report on an immunosuppressed neutropenic patient with a prolonged episode of fever unresponsive to empirical antibacterial therapy. Herpes polymerase chain reaction revealed systemic reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and treatment with acyclovir was associated with the prompt resolution of signs and symptoms of infection...

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral herpes simplex virus (HSV) as detected by polymerase chain reaction, in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia. Our secondary objectives were to describe the association between oral HSV and prolonged fever, neutropenia, mucositis, and response to initial antimicrobial therapy. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we obtained a mouth swab and blood specimen from oncology patients with febrile neutropenia, and tested them for HSV by polymerase chain reaction...

OBJECTIVE: To report the initial data on allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies in Pakistan. DESIGN: A single centre descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Bismillah Taqee Institute of Health Sciences and Blood Diseases Centre from September 1999 to June 2004. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with haematological malignancies were included who had received allogeneic PBSC transplantation of Filgrastim (rhG-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from HLA-identical siblings (except one 5/6 antigen sibling) with Busulphan and Cyclophosphamide standard conditioning therapy in all patients...

BACKGROUND: The extent and duration of neutropenia and the characteristics of the underlying disease are determinant factors for the prognosis of febrile syndromes. Despite the fact that traditionally the peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) were considered to cause high risk neutropenia, in all probability the neutropenia observed in the PBSCT in some solid tumours could be considered moderate risk. Febrile episodes in patients with these characteristics were evaluated...

Allogeneic and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplants are frequently complicated by infections. This study was performed to evaluate early and late infections in 74 patients who underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Fifty-eight patients received allogeneic and 16 autologous PBSCT. All patients received fluconazole, ciprofloxacin and acyclovir prophylaxis. 93.1% of alloPBSCT patients and 87.5% of autoPBSCT patients developed fever. Febrile episodes were commonly seen in the week of transplantation (66%)...

BACKGROUND: No previous study has compared hospitals with respect to the variation of antimicrobial utilization (AU) for cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FNE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational cohort study, carried out in 18 tertiary care centers across nine countries, in order to describe AU patterns for cancer patients with FNE and to evaluate whether prescription was appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients was exposed to 483 antimicrobial agents and 318 therapeutic courses, corresponding to 1,766 antimicrobial exposure-days...

BACKGROUND: Children with cancer who develop an episode of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia usually are admitted to the hospital for intravenous empiric antibiotic therapy. In the current study, the authors examined the use of ciprofloxacin as outpatient management in selected patients with fever during an episode of neutropenia. METHODS: Febrile neutropenic patients with a diagnosis of cancer were eligible for outpatient management with oral ciprofloxacin if they appeared well and demonstrated the following characteristics: age 1-21 years, malignancy in remission, absolute phagocyte count > 100/mm(3), > 7 days since the initiation of the last course of chemotherapy, and reliable parents...

A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 75) or Hodgkin's disease (HD, n = 25) who underwent peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant (PBPCT) following high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with BCNU, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) between March 1994 and June 1997. Following PBPCT and until engraftment all patients received oral ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, patients with positive Herpes simplex virus serology received acyclovir and 91 patients received filgrastim...

The effect of an extensive prophylactic antimicrobial regimen was prospectively assessed in 126 patients after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBSC. They received ciprofloxacin (500 mg/12 h), acyclovir (200 mg/6 h), and itraconazole (200 mg/12 h) orally until neutrophil recovery. Febrile patients received i.v. imipenem (500 mg/6 h) to which vancomycin and amikacin were added if fever persisted for 2-3 and 5 days, respectively. Amphotericin B lipid complex was further given on day 7 or 8 of fever. Median times for a neutrophil count of >0...

Mucositis is a common complication following chemotherapy. Clinical findings similar to herpetic infection are observed in some patients. Acyclovir administered in addition to empirical, antibiotic treatment improves the course of mucositis, and can also bring down the temperature. The aim of our study was to define the etiological influence of herpetic infection on the course of febrile neutropenia in patients with mucositis. A total of 34 patients with febrile neutropenia were divided into 2 groups: 15 with typical herpetic eruption, and 19 with non-specific mucositis...

The incidence of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection confirmed by culture and occurring during febrile neutropenic episodes was determined in 43 patients with haematological malignancy. The outcome of 72 episodes of neutropenic fever was determined and correlated with the presence or absence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Twenty four patients had mucocutaneous HSV infection during at least one episode. In 24 episodes in which HSV was isolated only 12.5% of fevers responded to antibiotics and 75% of fevers were otherwise unexplained...