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INTRODUCTION: The clinical and physiological effects of long-duration use of N95-type masks without ventilation valves, on health-care workers during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, were evaluated. METHODS: All volunteering personnel working in operating theater or intensive care unit, using nonventilated N95 type respiratory masks, minimum for a 2-h noninterrupted duration were observed. The partial oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before wearing the N95 mask and at 1st and 2nd h...

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging allows the noninvasive mapping of intrinsic fluorophores of the ocular fundus, particularly the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), now quantifiable with the advent of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy-based quantitative autofluorescence (QAF). QAF has been shown to be generally decreased at the posterior pole in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The relationship between QAF and various AMD lesions (drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits) is still unclear. This paper describes a workflow to determine lesion-specific QAF in AMD...

A progression sequence for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) learned from optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based multimodal (MMI) clinical imaging could add prognostic value to laboratory findings. In this work, ex vivo OCT and MMI were applied to human donor eyes prior to retinal tissue sectioning. The eyes were recovered from non-diabetic white donors aged ≥80 years old, with a death-to-preservation time (DtoP) of ≤6 h. The globes were recovered on-site, scored with an 18 mm trephine to facilitate cornea removal, and immersed in buffered 4% paraformaldehyde...

Studies have investigating the detoxification and antioxidant enzymes with melatonin under pesticide stress in many vertebrates, whereas no reports produced in invertebrates. In this study possible role of melatonin and luzindole effect on fipronil toxicity and the detoxification, antioxidant enzymes in H. armigera has been reported. Result showed high toxicity of fipronil treatment (LC50 4.24 ppm), followed by increased LC50 value with melatonin pretreatment (6.44 ppm). Whereas decreased toxicity was observed with melatonin and luzindole combination (3...

INTRODUCTION: Ochronosis is a rare syndrome caused by accumulation of homogentisic acid in connective tissue due to deficiency of enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase. It characterized by blue-black pigmentation connective tissues such as sclera, cartilage of ear, and synovium of joints and it causes destruction of joints cartilage and early arthritis. Urine becomes dark coloured on prolonged standing. Some patient may develop rare cardiac manifestation due to accumulation of homogentisic acid on valves...

Similar to other insects, honey bees have two acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), AmAChE1 and AmAChE2. The primary catalytic enzyme for acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis in synapses is AmAChE2, which is predominantly expressed in neuronal tissues, whereas AmAChE1 is expressed in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, with limited catalytic activity. Unlike constitutively expressed AmAChE2, AmAChE1 expression is induced under stressful conditions such as heat shock and brood rearing suppression, but its role in regulating ACh titre remains unclear...

In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of CPF on the histopathology of the optic tectum and cerebellum, pseudobranchial neurosecretory system (PNS), biochemical assays of brain tissue, and locomotory behavior in catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis . The fishes were exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of 0.09 and 0.192 mg/L of CPF for 7, 15, and 30 d. The CPF toxicity induced degenerative changes with significantly decreased cell size, number, and nucleo-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio of the PNS; and altered neuro-architectural pattern of optic tectum with degenerative changes in mononuclear and granular cells and necrotic variation in granular and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum...

This study examined the difference in the dynamic visual acuity test (DVAT) between collegiate athletes who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (D/HoH) (n = 38) and university club-level athletes who are hearing (n = 38). Dynamic visual acuity was assessed using the Bertec Vision Advantage (Bertec® Corporation, Columbus, Ohio, USA). No statistically significant differences between athletes who are D/HoH and who are hearing were found in DVAT for leftward (χ2 = 0.71, p = 0...

The virus causing COVID-19 has constantly been mutating into new variants. Some of them are more transmissive and resistant to antibiotics. The current research article aims to examine the airborne transmission of the virus expelled by coughing action in a typical intensive care unit. Both single and sequential coughing actions have been considered to get closer to practical scenarios. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of air change per hour (ACH) on the risk of infection to a healthcare person and how the air change rate influences the dispersion of droplets...

2-Phenylethynyl-Butyltellurium (PEBT) is a synthetic organotellurium compound that has shown various pharmacological properties on mammals without any signs of toxicity, but its effects on insects have not been reported before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether acute exposure to PEBT would promote an insecticidal effect against Drosophila melanogaster. The flies were exposed to three concentrations of PEBT (0.325 µmol L-1, 1.300 µmol L-1, and 5.200 µmol L-1) and a control solution (vehicle), using 450 flies per treatment (three repetitions of 150 flies), for 48 hours...

β-carotene-loaded nanoparticles improves absorption by increasing bioavailability. The Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson's disease must be helpful in investigating potential neuroprotective effects. Four groups of four-day-old flies were exposed to: (1) control; (2) diet containing rotenone (500 μM); (3) β-carotene-loaded nanoparticles (20 μM); (4) β-carotene-loaded nanoparticles and rotenone for 7 days. Then, the percentage of survival, geotaxis tests, open field, aversive phototaxis and food consumption were evaluated...

Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. is a perennial herbaceous plant in the tribe Cichorieae (Lactuceae), Asteraceae family, distributed in the mountainous regions in Europe. In this study, we focused on the metabolite profiling and the bioactivity of C. alpina leaves and flowering heads methanol-aqueous extracts. The antioxidant activity of extracts, as well as inhibitory potential towards selected enzymes, involving in several human diseases, including metabolic syndrome (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase), Alzheimer's disease, (cholinesterases: AChE, BchE), hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase), and cytotoxicity were assessed...

INTRODUCTION: Osteoid osteoma is a common benign bone tumor affecting young adults with the typical clinical and radiological presentation when arising from common locations. However, when they arise from unusual locations like intra-articular regions the diagnosis may be confusing thereby leading to delay in diagnosis and appropriate management. Here we present a case with an intra-articular osteoid osteoma of the hip involving the anterolateral quadrant of the femoral head. CASE REPORT: An active 24-year-old man, with no relevant or significant medical history presented with progressive left hip pain radiating to the thigh for the past 1 year...

BACKGROUND: Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is a common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene, and HCH has similar clinical manifestations with achondroplasia (ACH), which can be screened during the fetal period by prenatal ultrasound testing and diagnosed by genetic testing. CASE PRESENTATION: we report the special case of a patient with obvious growth retardation and rhizomelic disproportionate short stature, accompanied by other manifestations, including an enlarged head and short hands at 1 year old...

Employees who work long hours frequently complain of muscle fatigue caused by prolonged sitting. As a result, products that assist them when resting in a chair in a reclining position, in order to relieve fatigue and improve comfort are required. To ensure that the new product works as intended, a usability test based on prototyping must be developed. The research process was divided into three stages: firstly, the development of the perception assessment questionnaire; secondly, a validated factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the perception assessment data of 26 subjects and the measurement model was fitted to verify the reliability and validity of the questionnaire; finally, the sEMG technique was used to verify the comfort level of 21 subjects...

BACKGROUND: The mass vaccination of children against coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has been frequently debated. The risk-benefit assessment of COVID-19 vaccination versus infection in children has also been debated. AIM: This systematic review looked for answers to the question "was the vaccination of our children valuable and successful?". METHODS: The search strategy of different articles in the literature was based on medical subject headings...

According to recent data, several mechanisms of viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) have been proposed, one of which is both direct penetration of the virus through afferent nerve fibers and damage to the endothelium of cerebral vessels. It has been proven that the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects pathologically not only the human cardiorespiratory system but is also associated with a wide range of neurological diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, and neuromuscular pathologies. However, the observed post-COVID symptom complex in patients, manifested in the form of headache, "fog in the head," high temperature, muscle weakness, lowering blood pressure, does it make us think about the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of this clinical picture? One possible explanation is a disruption in the signaling of the acetylcholine system (AChS) in the body...

BACKGROUND: Lymphangiomas are benign vascular tumors arising from the lymphatic system. They commonly affect the head and neck regions. Pancreatic involvement is extremely rare. Even though they are rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients who present with pancreatic mass. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 6-year-old African male patient who presented with abdominal mass and dull aching pain of 6 months duration. He was examined and underwent excision, with biopsy showing pancreatic lymphangioma...

Glufosinate-ammonium, the second largest transgene crop resistant herbicide, is classified as a mobile persistent pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencybecause of its slow decomposition and easy mobile transfer in a water environment. The chronic and multigeneration toxicity of this compound to environmental organisms are alarming. In this study, racemic glufosinate-ammonium and the effective isomer, l-glufosinate-ammonium, were used as the test agents. The developmental, neurotoxic and reproductive toxicities of Caenorhabditis elegans to their parents and progeny were studied by continuous exposure in water at concentrations of 0...

BACKGROUND: The old definitions of fever are based on cross-sectional surveys of the population without analyzing the associated symptomatology as fever is a sign, not symptom. Therefore, a longitudinal follow-up study is the need of hour to analyze associated symptoms with fever. METHODS: In a longitudinal study over one year, 196 participants recorded three temperature readings daily, one after waking up, one between 12 and 3 PM, one before sleeping, and filled the symptomatology questionnaire in a thermometry diary...