clitorectomy

Female genital cutting (FGC) is a traditional practice, commonly underpinned by cultural values regarding female sexuality, that involves the cutting of women's external genitalia, often entailing the removal of clitoral tissue and/or closing the vaginal orifice. As control of female sexual libido is a common rationale for FGC, international concern has been raised regarding its potential negative effect on female sexuality. Most studies attempting to measure the impact of FGC on women's sexual function are quantitative and employ predefined questionnaires such as the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)...

OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to investigate the complications of circumcision and determine its prevalence in the studied areas. METHODS: In this study, the electronic databases of Scopus, PubMed, SID, Web of Science and Magiran were selected to search the total population of observational studies published in Persian and English on the prevalence and circumcision complications in girls. The keywords searched for this purpose were as follows: female genital mutilation, Infibulations, Epidemiologic Methods, Clitorectomies, Female Circumcision, Clitorectomy, Clitoridectomy Complications, Prevalence, associated disease, coexistent conditions, and sequels associated with concomitant conditions, and coexistent disease and their Persian equivalent words...

Clitorectomies performed on the genitals of infants identified as female and as intersex have been described both as similar procedures and as different procedures. The former types of surgery have been recognised more consistently as human rights abuses than the latter in recent decades. We tested social psychological explanations of why human rights are differently recognised when infants are described as 'intersex' or 'female'; 122 laypeople in the UK read one of two near-identical descriptions of clitorectomies performed on intersex or female infants and reported their agreement with 22 items about the human rights of such infants...

BACKGROUND: Aesthetic alteration of the genitalia is increasingly sought by women who are unhappy about the size, shape or overall appearance of their vulva. Clitoral hypertrophy is usually seen in congenital malformations, specifically in intersexual stages of hormonal expression. A large clitoris has an appearance of a small penis, is psychologically disturbing and interferes in sexual activity. PURPOSE: Clitoral reduction surgery has evolved over the years. Total clitorectomy, clitoral recession and neuro-vascular pedicle sparing clitoroplasty can be considered as three major milestones in its evolution...

Medical records of 17 client-owned dogs diagnosed with os clitoris on physical examination or diagnostic imaging were reviewed to describe the clinical signs and surgical management of this condition. All dogs were phenotypically female. The most common presenting complaints included an enlarged clitoris ( n = 10), urinary tract infection ( n = 5), and licking of the vulva ( n = 3). Other frequently reported clinical signs included vaginal discharge and/or lower urinary tract signs such as pollakiuria. Ten dogs were surgically managed with os clitorectomy...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this qualitative meta-synthesis was to understand the labor and birth experiences of immigrant women in countries of resettlement who have a history of female genital cutting (FGC), also known as female genital mutilation or female circumcision. METHODS: We used a meta-ethnography approach to synthesize the literature on this topic. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts databases from inception to May 2016 using the search terms female genital cutting, female circumcision, clitorectomy, clitoridectomy, pharaonic circumcision, genital circumcision, female genital mutilation, infibulation, and deinfibulation...

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a procedure for equine pudendal nerve block using a peripheral nerve locator. In the first experiment, six ponies were used to determine the relationship between elicited muscle contractions (anal, perineal or both) and nerves serving the perineal region (pudendal, caudorectal and perineal nerves) when methylene blue dye was injected using the electrolocation technique. This experiment showed that the pudendal nerve was approached effectively when both anal and perineal twitch were elicited during electrolocation...

Surgical management of classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in 46, XX females has evolved significantly. Virilization of the genitalia of 46, XX females with CAH begins prenatally as a result of excess fetal androgen production. Improved understanding of anatomy and surgical outcomes has driven changes in surgical techniques as well as the timing of surgery. For endocrinologists treating these patients, it is important to understand the outcome of genitoplasty, identify patients who need further treatment and direct these patients to experienced surgeons...

This report provides a detailed description and images of a clitorectomy with a urethral transposition. As described, the clitorectomy is a straight-forward procedure, creating more normal female-like anatomy, and it resolves the clinical signs resulting from the exposed clitoris.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and pregnant outcomes of the pregnant women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). METHODS: The clinical features, therapies, pregnant outcomes of the pregnant women with 21-OHD were retrospectively reviewed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from January 2005 to April 2011. RESULTS: There were 8 pregnant women with 21-OHD including 5 simple virilizing patients and 3 nonclassical 21-OHD women...

We report 2 cases of clitoromegaly, 1 in a patient with true hermaphroditism, and the other in a patient with adrenogenital syndrome. Both were treated surgically with reduction clitoroplasty. There are 3 different clitoroplasty procedures: clitorectomy, clitoral recession, and reduction clitoroplasty. Reduction clitoroplasty with preservation of the neurovascular bundle is considered superior in terms of formation of the external genitals and sensation. However, the disadvantages are that detachment of the neurovascular bundle from the clitoral shaft is difficult and that there is a high possibility of sensory and blood flow disorders in the clitoris...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Partial or total clitoris amputation for vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia (VIN) affects quality of life and sexual function and is likely to constitute over-treatment as superficial excision of only the involved, thinly cornified, stratified squamous clitoral epithelium would suffice. For this reason, we applied skinning clitorectomy and replacement of clitoral skin as an organ-sparing surgical therapy for clitoral VIN. METHODS: Seven consecutive patients presenting with VIN were treated from July 2003 to February 2008...

Tolerance is at the heart of Western liberalism, permitting mutually exclusive ideas and practices to coexist peacefully with one another, without the proponents of the differing ideas and practices killing one another. Yet, nothing challenges tolerance like the practice of sunna, female circumcision, clitorectomy, or genital mutilation. In this essay, I critique the Western critics of the practices, not in order to defend these practices, but rather to show that Western liberalism itself does not offer transcultural and transtemporal principles, for these principles only cohere within the tradition of liberalism...

The treatment of intersex patients, including any patient born with genital ambiguity, is being reassessed. The re-evaluation is primarily focused upon the indications for and age of genital surgery, the impact of prenatal androgen levels upon gender development, and the potential for maximum sexual responsiveness as an adult. As a background to document changes in genital surgery for females with 21-hydroxylase congenital adrenal hyperplasia, this report is a review of surgical treatment of this most common form of genital ambiguity...

We describe a case of salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency complicated by a right adrenal adenoma. The development of adrenal adenoma or carcinoma in-patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is rare; the etiology is not clear but is thought to be related to inadequate glucocorticoid therapy. Tumor formation is postulated to be a consequence of ACTH hypersecretion, which results from the lack of glucocorticoid synthesis. Our patient underwent clitorectomy and multiple constructive procedures as a newborn baby; she was managed with hormone replacement for many years...

BACKGROUND: Extraovarian malignant transformation of endometriosis is a rare event; 52 cases have been reported. We describe the first published account in the world literature of an endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) arising in the vulva from a focus of endometriosis. CASE: A 34-year-old G4 P3 morbidly obese white female was seen with a 1-year history of a palpable lesion arising within the superior aspect of the left labium majus. Radical left hemivulvectomy with clitorectomy was performed...

OBJECTIVE: The results of genitoplasty performed at our clinic for 41 female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were reviewed. PATIENTS: Among 57 females with CAH (56 with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 1 with 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency) diagnosed between 1961 and 1995, 41 underwent genitoplasty. For the rest of 16 patients, 1 received already clitorectomy, 11 (19%) needed no surgical reconstruction, 2 died before surgery, and 2 are in a waiting list for surgery...

The aromatase enzyme complex catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in a wide variety of tissues, including the ovary, testis, placenta, brain, and adipose tissue. Only a single human gene encoding aromatase P450 (CYP19) has been isolated; tissue-specific regulation is controlled in part by alternative promoters in a tissue-specific manner. We report a novel mutation in the CYP19 gene in a sister and brother. The 28-yr-old XX proband, followed since infancy, exhibited the cardinal features of the aromatase deficiency syndrome as recently defined...

Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma in females usually originates in the vagina or uterus, but rarely the vulva. The authors present a case of rhabdomyosarcoma originating in the clitoris. A 4-year-old with an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the clitoris was treated with radical clitorectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy. Follow-up at 3 years showed no active disease.